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Examination Of The Role Of The Lana Protein In Persistence Of Kaposi’S Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Infections, Marshall Sheide, Dr. Bradford Berges Jun 2023

Examination Of The Role Of The Lana Protein In Persistence Of Kaposi’S Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Infections, Marshall Sheide, Dr. Bradford Berges

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Kaposi’s sarcoma herpes virus (KSHV) is one of seven known cancer causing viruses which have the capacity to persist in the host for many years. This particular virus can undergo a long latent infection which ensures that the virus can hide by not expressing its genes. Last year, we proposed an experiment that would show the importance of a particular gene in the viral genome, LANA, in establishing a latent infection. The experiment required us to create stocks of a mutant virus that did not have the LANA gene inside (bac36deltaLANA) and then infect humanized mice with it. After infection, …

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Search For Mitochondrial Dna Mutation In A Family With Myopathies And Lactic Acidosis, Mary Rennick, Dr. Brent Nielsen Jun 2023

Search For Mitochondrial Dna Mutation In A Family With Myopathies And Lactic Acidosis, Mary Rennick, Dr. Brent Nielsen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

This research focused on the search for the probable mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation in one family affected with fibromyalgia and lactic acidosis. The hypothesis was that there is mixture of normal and mutated mtDNA, called heteroplasmy. I first obtained the four patients’ consent to participate in the study. The four patients were between the age of 19 and 25 years-­‐two males and two females. They donated urine samples to be used for DNA analysis. I isolated DNA using a Qiagen DNA extraction kit and obtained concentration measurements of 8-­‐ 10 nanograms per microliter using the nanodrop spectrophotometer in the RIC …

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Antibody Production And Diversification In Humanized Mice, Stanton Nielsen, Dr. Brad Berges Jun 2023

Antibody Production And Diversification In Humanized Mice, Stanton Nielsen, Dr. Brad Berges

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Many scientists are skeptical of using humanized mice to study the human adaptive immune response. The reasoning behind this skepticism stems from discrepancies in various studies seen previously. A study conducted by Traggiai et al. showed that humanized mice elicited a human adaptive immune response when challenged with the tetanus toxin (Traggiai). In addition, good antibody responses have been shown in humanized mice when challenged with Dengue virus (Kuruvilla). However, others have found only rare antibody responses to HIV when humanized mice were challenged (Baenziger). As mentioned earlier, a study conducted by Becker et al. showed the production of human …

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Vitamin D3 As An Adjuvant To Produce Localized Immunity, Kaitlyn Vance, Dr. Eric Wilson Jun 2023

Vitamin D3 As An Adjuvant To Produce Localized Immunity, Kaitlyn Vance, Dr. Eric Wilson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The aim of our research was to help elucidate the degree of specificity employed by antibody secreting cells (lymphocytes) through a study of the role of CCR10 in the differential homing of these cells to mucosal issues. We used vitamin D3, known to upregulate expression of CCR10 on activated lymphocytes, as an adjuvant in our vaccines and tracked cell homing to mucosal tissues that express the CCR10 ligand CCL28 by detecting antigen specific antibody accumulation. Since mucosal tissues are ideal locations for vaccinations, the long-term aim was to develop a method for targeting antigen specific lymphocytes, and thus robust immune …

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First Line Acne Treatment: Comparison Of Cost And Efficacy, Michael P. Mcneil, Karlen E. Luthy, Christine R. Platt, Michael S. Robinson, Janelle L.B. Macintosh Jun 2023

First Line Acne Treatment: Comparison Of Cost And Efficacy, Michael P. Mcneil, Karlen E. Luthy, Christine R. Platt, Michael S. Robinson, Janelle L.B. Macintosh

Student Works

Acne vulgaris is a common skin concern that may cause permanent disfiguration and encumbering effects on self-esteem and mental health. Additionally, it is often associated with expensive treatment costs for patients. When selecting the most appropriate therapeutic approach, nurse practitioners must also consider the price of the medication. For the majority of mild to moderate cases of acne (both comedonal and inflammatory), effective first-line treatment recommendations include a combination of a topical retinoid, benzoyl peroxide, and a topical antibiotic such as clindamycin. Generic and compounded medications are typically more cost-effective for patients than brand name formulations.

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Raw Diffraction Data For 1tel-Aa-Vwa (Sumo), Wwpdb Id: 7n1o, Moriah H. Mathis, Braydan D. Bezzant, Diana T. Ramírez, Supeshala D. Nawarathnage, Tzanko I. Doukov, James Moody Jun 2023

Raw Diffraction Data For 1tel-Aa-Vwa (Sumo), Wwpdb Id: 7n1o, Moriah H. Mathis, Braydan D. Bezzant, Diana T. Ramírez, Supeshala D. Nawarathnage, Tzanko I. Doukov, James Moody

ScholarsArchive Data

This X-ray diffraction dataset was collected on October 21Oct2020 at SSRL Beamline BL9-2. The crystal was of Batch 1 1TEL-AA-vWa (SUMO) The solved structure used frames 1-999 and has been deposited in the wwPDB under the PDB ID 7N1O. This data can be readily processed using XDS, AutoProc, CCP4, HKL2000/3000, or other crystallographic X-ray diffraction data processing software. The files have a human-readable header but are otherwise binary.

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Raw Diffraction Data For 3tel-Hlx-Darpin (Sumo), Wwpdb Id: 7n2b, Supeshala D. Nawarathnage, Parag Laljibhai Gajjar, Derick R. Bunn, Cameron Stewart, Tzanko I. Doukov, James Moody Jun 2023

Raw Diffraction Data For 3tel-Hlx-Darpin (Sumo), Wwpdb Id: 7n2b, Supeshala D. Nawarathnage, Parag Laljibhai Gajjar, Derick R. Bunn, Cameron Stewart, Tzanko I. Doukov, James Moody

ScholarsArchive Data

This X-ray diffraction dataset was collected on October 21Oct2020 at SSRL Beamline BL9-2. The crystal was of 3TEL-hlx-DARPin (SUMO) The solved structure used frames 1-1799 and has been deposited in the wwPDB under the PDB ID 7N2B. This data can be readily processed using XDS, AutoProc, CCP4, HKL2000/3000, or other crystallographic X-ray diffraction data processing software. The files have a human-readable header but are otherwise binary.

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Design & Development Project Report: Chem-105 Oer Textbook, Abigail Boekweg Jun 2023

Design & Development Project Report: Chem-105 Oer Textbook, Abigail Boekweg

Instructional Psychology and Technology Graduate Student Projects

A report on a project to design and develop an open textbook for the BYU course CHEM-105 General College Chemistry. The project had two primary goals: to streamline the organization of the textbook and to enhance students' access to it.

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Characterizing Proteins That Interact With Pas Kinase, Jordan Mackay, Dr. Julianne Grose Jun 2023

Characterizing Proteins That Interact With Pas Kinase, Jordan Mackay, Dr. Julianne Grose

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Characterizing the interacting protein partners of Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) kinase has proven to be a formidable task. Since the beginning of 2012, I have been working hard with graduate student Desi DeMille on confirming the putative interactors uncovered by genetic screening done the previous year. This endeavor has yielded both successes and failures.

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How ‘Bout Them Apples?: A Study On Antioxidants, Kylie Measom, Dr. Kim O'Neill Jun 2023

How ‘Bout Them Apples?: A Study On Antioxidants, Kylie Measom, Dr. Kim O'Neill

Journal of Undergraduate Research

They say “an apple a day keeps the doctor away.” Apples are laden with antioxidants which have been shown to prevent against cancer and other illnesses.1 Antioxidants are molecules that prevent cancer by collecting excess free radicals in the body. Free radicals are highly reactive molecules. They may interfere with DNA and other biomolecules leading to DNA damage and mutations. Antioxidants prevent this by scavenging for free radicals before they can interact with other important biomolecules.2 Apples, particularly the skins, have high phenolic content. Phenols are antioxidants that protect against oxidative damage caused by free radicals.3 Different …

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Ebi2 Knockdown And Effects On B-Cell Migration, Jordan Mabey, Dr. Brian Poole Jun 2023

Ebi2 Knockdown And Effects On B-Cell Migration, Jordan Mabey, Dr. Brian Poole

Journal of Undergraduate Research

B cells are specialized cells which participate in the normal immune response to an infection. As B cells encounter antigens in the body, they become activated and travel to what is known as a B cell follicle within a lymph node. At the outer follicle B cells combine with T cells and move to the inner follicle to become specialized immunity participating cells. Normally upon reaching the outer follicle, the B cell up-regulates Epstein-Barr virus induced molecule-2 (EBI2) which causes it to pause until the cell can complex with the proper T cell. Once this connection between the two cells …

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Assessing The Effects Of The Irf5 Exon 1b On Translation, Jared Lambert, Dr. Brian Poole Jun 2023

Assessing The Effects Of The Irf5 Exon 1b On Translation, Jared Lambert, Dr. Brian Poole

Journal of Undergraduate Research

With our lab’s previous finding revealing a hairpin folding structure in exon 1B (IRF5 risk allele), not found in the other first exons, this project was focused towards more fully understanding the role of IRF5 exon 1B’s hairpin structure and its effect on the translation of downstream proteins. The data acquired through this project will provide much needed information regarding the mechanism through which the risk allele of IRF5 affects the development of Systemic Lupus Erythmatosus (SLE).

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But What If It Was A Cartoon? Animated Instructional Videos For The California Debt And Investment Advisory Commission, Faith Jennings Jun 2023

But What If It Was A Cartoon? Animated Instructional Videos For The California Debt And Investment Advisory Commission, Faith Jennings

Instructional Psychology and Technology Graduate Student Projects

A case study of designing an animated instructional video on municipal finance for elected officials in California.

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Determining The Role Of Kaposi’S Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Lana Protein In The Development Of Persistent Infection, Jamie Gardiner, Dr. Brad Berges Jun 2023

Determining The Role Of Kaposi’S Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Lana Protein In The Development Of Persistent Infection, Jamie Gardiner, Dr. Brad Berges

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Kaposi’s Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) is a human cancer virus that causes Kaposis’ sarcoma, the most common cancer found in AIDS patients. Our lab is working to develop humanized mice as a novel animal model to study KSHV infection and related diseases, since there has previously been no animal model established. The purpose of my project was to determine the role of the viral protein LANA (latencyassociated nuclear antigen) in establishing a latent KSHV infection in humanized mice. My project included two major aims:

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Understanding The Molecular Targets Of Antimicrobial Chemokines, Brittany Kartchner, Dr. Eric Wilson Jun 2023

Understanding The Molecular Targets Of Antimicrobial Chemokines, Brittany Kartchner, Dr. Eric Wilson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

For this project, I hypothesized that the amino acid composition of the C terminus of chemokine proteins allows some chemokines to bind to different sites on the bacterial cell wall and that the chemokines with a strong positive charge (CCL25 and CCL28) will bind to the same target, while CCL27, which has no positively charged C terminus region, will have a different binding site. In order to study the binding properties of each chemokine, I began by performing binding assays. In these assays, approximately 105 colony-forming units of exponentially growing bacteria were incubated on ice with the appropriate chemokine. This …

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Use Of Highway Infrastructure By Bats: A Literature Review And Survey Of The Trans-Pecos Region Of Texas, Holly G. Wilson, Stirling J. Robertson, Richard D. Stevens Jun 2023

Use Of Highway Infrastructure By Bats: A Literature Review And Survey Of The Trans-Pecos Region Of Texas, Holly G. Wilson, Stirling J. Robertson, Richard D. Stevens

Western North American Naturalist

Bats are important components of nature and provide both monetary and nonmonetary benefits to mankind. While anthropogenic effects on wildlife and their habitats are typically viewed as negative, highway infrastructure might benefit numerous species of plants and animals, bats in particular. Cracks, crevices, and grooves within structures provide places for bats to roost. Here we review the literature on this topic as well as describe results of our own survey of bridges and culverts in the Trans-Pecos of Texas. We surveyed 204 bridges and 768 culverts between 2018 and 2019. We observed 7 species of bats using bridges or culverts …

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Identifying Proteins That Interact With Human Pas Kinase, Tacie Hall, Dr. Julianne Grose Jun 2023

Identifying Proteins That Interact With Human Pas Kinase, Tacie Hall, Dr. Julianne Grose

Journal of Undergraduate Research

When PAS kinase is knocked out in mice placed on high-fat diets, these mice show such symptoms as decreased weight gain, hypermetabolic phenotype, decreased liver triglyceride accumulation, and retained insulin sensitivity when compared with their wild type littermates.1 These symptoms are highly associated with chronic diseases commonly seen in humans today, such as diabetes, obesity, and heart disease. PAS kinase is a highly conserved protein from yeast to man which allows for the use of yeast as model organism to help discover the molecular mechanisms behind PAS kinase function. Since little is known about how PAS kinase functions, it …

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Accumulation Of Attached Chemokines On Gram-Negative Bacterial Membranes, Peter Janzen, Dr. Eric Wilson Jun 2023

Accumulation Of Attached Chemokines On Gram-Negative Bacterial Membranes, Peter Janzen, Dr. Eric Wilson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The purpose of this project was to see if a genetic alteration to gram-negative bacteria would affect the phenotypic ability to resist the attachment of chemokines. In other words, we were trying to see if we could change the structure of a bacterium by altering the DNA. As a result of that alteration, would our immune systems fight the infection more easily with a chemokines response.

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Casting For A Putative Dna Binding Sequence For Nbmp2, Brian Earley, Dr. Laura Bridgewater Jun 2023

Casting For A Putative Dna Binding Sequence For Nbmp2, Brian Earley, Dr. Laura Bridgewater

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Bmp2 is a secretory mammalian protein that plays important roles in bone development and adult pathology. Recently, a nuclear variant (nBmp2) was discovered with an unknown function for this typically secretory protein in the nucleus (Felin et al., 2010). The purpose of this project is to find an in vitro DNA binding sequence for nBmp2. This discovery would lead to further research for how nBmp2 could affect transcription in vivo. However, since the conception of this CASTing project 16 months ago, I have faced challenges in plasmid construction, cell culture, and concessions with a fused nBmp2:GFP plasmid. While the plasmid …

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Ex Vivo Infection And Re‐Isolation Of Human Herpesvirus 6, Stephanie Carlson, Dr. Bradford Berges Jun 2023

Ex Vivo Infection And Re‐Isolation Of Human Herpesvirus 6, Stephanie Carlson, Dr. Bradford Berges

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Science rarely cooperates as anticipated, but that can often lead to unexpected insight and solution. I ran into that this semester with a certain aspect of our project. We are continuing to collect data for the American Society for Virology in late July and a future publication. We will need more replicates for a publication, but we have optimized our approach and protocol.

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Genomic And Proteomic Analysis Of An Erwinia Amylovora Phage, Alicia Brighton, Dr. Julianne Grose Jun 2023

Genomic And Proteomic Analysis Of An Erwinia Amylovora Phage, Alicia Brighton, Dr. Julianne Grose

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Fireblight is a disease, caused by the bacteria Erwinia amylovora, that can infect some fruit trees, including apple and pear trees. When an infection occurs, the effects can be devastating—any infected part of the tree must be removed and destroyed, sometimes resulting in loss of the entire tree. Furthermore, in the warm and moist conditions typical of springtime, the spread of fireblight can be nearly impossible to control with current management methods.1

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The Target Model For Genealogical Networks, Kolton Baldwin Jun 2023

The Target Model For Genealogical Networks, Kolton Baldwin

Theses and Dissertations

Several large-scale projects including FamilySearch, Ancestry, BALSAC (University of Quebec), and others have gathered incredible amounts of genealogical data ranging from millions to billions of individuals. To study the structure of this data, we propose a model that generates a genealogical network based on real-world genealogical data using two key features: (i) geodesic distance between couples prior to union and (ii) the number of children per couple. The distribution of the distance to a couples' nearest common ancestor in an observed community captures the global scale at which biological cycles form in the underlying genealogical network. Similarly, the number of …

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Fundamentals Of International Religious Freedom: An Open Access Asynchronous Online Course Design, Johanna Chan Jun 2023

Fundamentals Of International Religious Freedom: An Open Access Asynchronous Online Course Design, Johanna Chan

Instructional Psychology and Technology Graduate Student Projects

The International Center for Law and Religion Studies (ICLRS) associated with the J. Reuben Clark Law School, has presented religious freedom training around the world to government officials, non-governmental organization (NGO) leaders, scholars, and others. The purpose of this project was to redesign their original training presentations into an openly accessible asynchronous online course. The content for this online course has previously been used in live instruction (in the form of brief lesson plans and PowerPoints), including a presentation of six two-hour sessions to 100 Guatemalan human rights officials. Live training on religious freedom was previously completed in China, Myanmar, …

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The Pioneering Efforts Of Ellen Larsen: The First Female Sports Information Director At Brigham Young University, Kiana Schlenker Jun 2023

The Pioneering Efforts Of Ellen Larsen: The First Female Sports Information Director At Brigham Young University, Kiana Schlenker

Theses and Dissertations

Title IX began the change of integrating women's sports into universities, but it was up to each university's athletic administration, external media sources, and public relations practitioners to determine how female athletes and sports were supported and publicized. In 1976, Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah hired Ellen Larsen as its first female sports information director responsible for women's sports. Through her 19 years as a sports information director at BYU, Larsen was an advocate for her athletes and helped pave the way for future female athletic administration roles. While there is plenty of literature on male sports information directors, …

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Conodont Sequence Biostratigraphy Of The Upper Honaker Trail Formation, Cheyenne Autumn Pratt Jun 2023

Conodont Sequence Biostratigraphy Of The Upper Honaker Trail Formation, Cheyenne Autumn Pratt

Theses and Dissertations

The Paradox Basin is a northwest-southeast trending intracratonic basin that formed in southwestern Colorado, southeastern Utah and adjacent parts of Arizona and New Mexico during the late Paleozoic Era. During rise of the adjacent Uncompahgre Uplift (Ancestral Rocky Mountains), the rapidly subsiding basin was filled with over 2000 m of Permo-Pennsylvanian sediments that reflect a complex interplay of changing tectonic, paleoecological, and climatic conditions that resulted in cyclic packages of mixed lowstand and non-marine siliciclastics and highstand shallow-platform carbonates. The 150 m-thick Honaker Trail formation straddles the transition from mostly marine carbonates to mostly non-marine siliciclastics on the southwest shelf …

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Improving Restoration Success Of Winterfat: Influences Of Hydrophobic Seed Coatings And Planting Depth On Seedling Emergence, Kyle Andrew Cook Jun 2023

Improving Restoration Success Of Winterfat: Influences Of Hydrophobic Seed Coatings And Planting Depth On Seedling Emergence, Kyle Andrew Cook

Theses and Dissertations

In western North America, winterfat (Krascheninnikovia lanata (Pursh) A. Meeuse & Smit) is a valuable protein-rich subshrub whose restoration has been limited by poor seed flowability and low rates of seedling establishment. Seed flowability can be limited by a dense covering of hairs on winterfat fruits that can cause them to clog in mechanized equipment. Seedling establishment can be limited by premature germination of fall-sown seeds that can cause over-winter seedling mortality from freezing, pathogen attack, and winter drought. Seed coatings may provide a way to overcome both of these barriers to winterfat restoration. Coatings can compress hairs against the …

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Shortening Remediation Time In A University Excel Course Through Custom, Automated Feedback, Kainalu Barino Jun 2023

Shortening Remediation Time In A University Excel Course Through Custom, Automated Feedback, Kainalu Barino

Instructional Psychology and Technology Graduate Student Projects

This project aimed to implement an automated feedback tool for students taking IS 110. Implementing a feedback tool was identified by a previous research group as one of the best ways to shorten remediation time (Colby, 2018, p. 1). They chose a design for their feedback tool that resulted in faster turn-around times and better scores on assignments, but their design did not improve test results by a significant margin. Our project redesigned the feedback tool in the hope that it not only maintains the benefits of the previous tool, but achieves long term learning results as well.

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The Effects Of An Oral Narrative And Expository School-Age Language Intervention: A Low-Dosage Study, Giana H. Hunsaker Jun 2023

The Effects Of An Oral Narrative And Expository School-Age Language Intervention: A Low-Dosage Study, Giana H. Hunsaker

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: This study is Phase One of a multi-phase research initiative. The purpose of this study was to examine how well a low-dose, dual oral narrative and expository language intervention delivered in a small group setting improved expressive and receptive oral narrative and expository language in kindergarten, first grade, and second grade students who have been identified as having language disorder or emerging English academic language. Method: We administered a dynamic assessment of language to 325 kindergarten, first, and second grade students from two elementary schools in two school districts. The results of the dynamic assessment identified 61 students who …

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Evaluating Parameter Uncertainty In Transportation Demand Models, Natalie Mae Gray Jun 2023

Evaluating Parameter Uncertainty In Transportation Demand Models, Natalie Mae Gray

Theses and Dissertations

The inherent uncertainty in travel forecasting models -- arising from errors in input data, parameter estimation, or model formulation -- is receiving increasing attention from the scholarly and practicing community. In this research, we investigate the variance in forecasted traffic volumes resulting from varying the mode and destination choice parameters in an advanced trip-based travel demand model. Using Latin hypercube sampling to construct several hundred combinations of parameters across the plausible parameter space, we introduce substantial changes to mode and destination choice logsums and probabilities. However, the aggregate effects of of these changes on forecasted traffic volumes is small, with …

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Adapting The Auxin Inducible Degron (Aid) System To Danio Rerio, Benjamin Stubblefield Jun 2023

Adapting The Auxin Inducible Degron (Aid) System To Danio Rerio, Benjamin Stubblefield

Undergraduate Honors Theses

The Auxin-Inducible Degron (AID) system is a protein degradation system naturally occurring in plants. In the presence of the hormone auxin, plant proteins conjugated with the AID degron (a short amino acid sequence which signals for the protein’s degradation) are recruited via an interaction with the protein TIR1, into an E3 ubiquitin ligase protein complex. Following this interaction, AID-tagged proteins are ubiquitinated and sent for degradation. When auxin is metabolized or transported out of the cell through efflux transporters, the transcript of the protein of interest is translated without being degraded, allowing the concentration of the targeted protein to return …

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