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Potential Clean-Label Astringency Maskers For Acidic Whey Protein Beverages, Jozxelle Tongson Gao Aug 2023

Potential Clean-Label Astringency Maskers For Acidic Whey Protein Beverages, Jozxelle Tongson Gao

Theses and Dissertations

Whey Protein Ready-to-Drink (RTD) beverages are popular nutritional products due to their high protein content, complete amino acid profile, convenience, and flavor. However, astringency imparted by whey protein at low pH (pH <4.5) can significantly reduce consumer liking. Astringency is a complex problem, so it may require a multi-faceted solution. Samples were created through Response Surface Methodology (RSM), utilizing parameters determined through literature review and preliminary testing. There is evidence that sucrose may help to reduce astringency in wine. Various natural sweeteners like stevia, monk fruit extract, and sweet proteins: thaumatin and brazzein were evaluated to observe if they may reduce the astringency in acidic whey protein RTD beverages. Samples were assessed by trained quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA), consumer acceptance, and focus group panels. Formulas were instrumentally measured for pH, brix, zeta potential, and particle size. pH and brix were useful measures for monitoring processing consistency, but neither related to level of astringency of samples. Zeta potential instrumental data coincided with results of previous studies finding that a decrease in zeta potential within the range of pH 3-5 correlated with less astringency with whey protein isolates. Particle size relation to astringency is dependent on the zeta potential. A large particle size measurement does not lead to higher astringency if the molecules do not interact due to electrostatic repulsion. Analytical measurements of the samples were statistically compared for differences that may relate to less astringent beverages. The QDA panel determined the combination of 0.20% thaumatin and 0.22% stevia rebaudioside M to most reduce astringency, however this did not correlate with higher acceptability as its acceptability remained as a neither like nor dislike rating. Consumers evaluated thaumatin, brazzein, and monk fruit to be clean-label ingredients after learning about their natural sources and flavor functionalities. More research about thaumatin, monk fruit, and especially brazzein is needed to find the ideal usage levels in AWB formulation. Brazzein was least preferred according to the focus group panel, who felt it did not reduce astringency. Future research could evaluate whether a higher concentration would be more effective. These findings aim to help sensorially improve acidic whey protein beverage formulations and provide the dairy beverage industry insight on creating and marketing more clean-label products.

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Experimental Characterization Of Internal Wave Generation By Multiple Ridge Topographies, Natasha J. Wilson Aug 2023

Experimental Characterization Of Internal Wave Generation By Multiple Ridge Topographies, Natasha J. Wilson

Theses and Dissertations

Internal waves are three dimensional waves that occur in stratified fluids, where density increases with depth, such as the ocean and atmosphere. In the oceans, internal waves are continuously generated by tidal flow over subsea topography. The size and shape of the topography, as well as the stratification relative to the oscillation frequency influence the characteristics of the generated internal wave field. To advance the current understanding of how ridges on a subcritical topography changes the internal waves generated, four symmetric topographies are used with ridge numbers ranging from three to six. An additional single ridge topography is used, as …

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Deployable Mechanisms And Applications For Minimally Invasive Surgery, Jacob L. Sheffield Aug 2023

Deployable Mechanisms And Applications For Minimally Invasive Surgery, Jacob L. Sheffield

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis explores techniques to utilize deployable, developable, and compliant mechanism design principles while investigating applications for minimally invasive surgery. This work also examines contemporary outreach strategies to broaden awareness and expand dissemination avenues of engineering research. The outcomes of this research aim to (i) equip product designers with machine design tools, (ii) deliver background and designs to mitigate surgical frustration and procedure complications associated with obstructed laparoscope lenses during laparoscopic surgery, and (iii) provide engineering researchers with new tools to extend the impact of their research. Part one of this work (Chapter 2) introduces methods for embedding linear-motion mechanisms …

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The Effects Of Real-Time Feedback On The Positive To Negative Ratio For An Educator Supporting Students With Emotional And Behavioral Disorders, Bailey Jane Schaeffer Aug 2023

The Effects Of Real-Time Feedback On The Positive To Negative Ratio For An Educator Supporting Students With Emotional And Behavioral Disorders, Bailey Jane Schaeffer

Theses and Dissertations

Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (EBD) in the United States are often underserved by the education system, which contributes to their academic difficulties and poor student outcomes. Research on Positive-to-Negative (PN) response ratios suggest that maintaining a high ratio helps decrease inappropriate behaviors and improve academic outcomes for students with EBD. The current study investigates the effects of a high PN ratio on the behavior of an educator of students with EBD by utilizing a tracking app to help meet a target PN ratio. One preservice special education teacher working as a paraeducator was recruited to participate in the …

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Code Switching Use, Attitudes, And Identity: Differences Among Spanish-English Bilinguals In Canada, Mexico, And The United States, Ana Sofia Rubalcava Karmanov Aug 2023

Code Switching Use, Attitudes, And Identity: Differences Among Spanish-English Bilinguals In Canada, Mexico, And The United States, Ana Sofia Rubalcava Karmanov

Theses and Dissertations

Code-switching (CS) has been extensively studied for a variety of purposes and under many contexts. In recent years there has been a shift in CS literature to better understand the sociological forces that affect speakers’ use of CS. While in earlier literature, CS was perceived negatively by both speakers and the general public (Milroy & Muysken, 1995; MacGregor-Mendoza, 2021; Anderson & Toribio, 2007; Fishman, 1967), it has since been shown that many bilinguals view CS positively. More recent research suggests that bilinguals perceive CS as an important part of their identity and use it to show they belong to particular …

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Exploring The Role Of Salt-Tolerant Halomonas Inoculant In Altering Plant Gene Expression To Improve Salt Tolerance In Alfalfa., Ashley Kay Miller Aug 2023

Exploring The Role Of Salt-Tolerant Halomonas Inoculant In Altering Plant Gene Expression To Improve Salt Tolerance In Alfalfa., Ashley Kay Miller

Theses and Dissertations

Soil salinity is an increasing problem facing agriculture in many parts of the world. Climate change and irrigation practices have led to decreased yields of large areas of farmland due to increased salt levels in the soil. Irrigation introduces salts to the soil that with time accumulate and threaten crop yield. In arid climates like Utah, the practice of irrigation is especially threatening to salt-sensitive crops including alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Plants that have tolerance to salt are needed to feed livestock and the world's population. One approach to address this problem is to introduce genes encoding salt tolerance into the …

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What Brings Bipoc Preservice Special Educators To The Field Of Education?, Charly Mcallister Taylor Aug 2023

What Brings Bipoc Preservice Special Educators To The Field Of Education?, Charly Mcallister Taylor

Theses and Dissertations

BIPOC special educators are a needed profession throughout the country. The listener's guide was used to determine how 30 BIPOC special educators identified themselves in application essays to a special education teacher program. The essays were then used to determine common themes in BIPOC students' decision to become a special educator. These common themes were found throughout specific moments of someone's life. These moments are referred to as plotlines. These plotlines were broken down into categories: prior to elementary school, elementary school, junior high/middle school, high school, and post high school. It was found that during the elementary school plotline, …

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Grief In Children With Disabilities And How It Is Portrayed In Children's Picture Books, Erjola Gjini Aug 2023

Grief In Children With Disabilities And How It Is Portrayed In Children's Picture Books, Erjola Gjini

Theses and Dissertations

Even though today's children's literature provides a wide range of topics, including books on death and grief, and much has been done to represent children with disabilities accurately and positively, there is still room for improvement. This descriptive study sought to understand how individuals with disabilities were represented in 177 grief-themed children's books from 1965-2023. From the results, only seven books included representations of individuals with disabilities. Additionally, the literary devices such as euphemisms or metaphors utilized in the books to describe how death was represented may inadvertently perpetuate inaccessibility to resources about grief (Berns, 2004). Thus, when choosing books …

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Who Is Talking About The Children? A Systematic Literature Review Of The Missing And Murdered Indigenous Women Crisis Effects On Children, Angela Marcel Fields Aug 2023

Who Is Talking About The Children? A Systematic Literature Review Of The Missing And Murdered Indigenous Women Crisis Effects On Children, Angela Marcel Fields

Theses and Dissertations

The ongoing Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women (MMIW) crisis has affected thousands of families throughout the United States and Canada, resulting in probable trauma to children in the families and communities for generations. Although awareness of the crisis has been growing in recent years through avenues such as social media (#MMIW, etc.), little action has been taken to stem the crisis and its effects. The effects of the crisis on the children left behind is a compelling question that is not often addressed in the media, however. A systematic review of the scientific literature from the United States and Canada …

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Mahu And Native Hawaiian Culture: Experiences Of Non-Heteronormativity, Rachel Beth Chapman Aug 2023

Mahu And Native Hawaiian Culture: Experiences Of Non-Heteronormativity, Rachel Beth Chapman

Theses and Dissertations

There are extensive amounts of psychological research that highlight the needs and experiences of racial ethnic minority populations in general and more specifically minority sexual identities and genders, also referred to as non-heteronormative populations (Alexeyeff & Besnier, 2014). However, there continues to be a lack of representation in the research of Polynesians and an even greater lack of representation of non-heteronormative Polynesians and their experiences (Allen et al., 2011). Māhū, a population of native Hawaiians who identify as non-heteronormative or third gender, are almost completely absent from scholarly work. This study examines the experience of self-identified māhū and how mental …

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The -Go Morpheme And Reference Tracking In Jicarilla Apache, Lee Shanideen Ferrin Aug 2023

The -Go Morpheme And Reference Tracking In Jicarilla Apache, Lee Shanideen Ferrin

Theses and Dissertations

Jicarilla Apache is a Southern Athabaskan language with a complex verbal structure, including a prefix template with positions for more than ten affixes. Little has been done to document or describe the language grammatically or typologically, but one of the morphemes that has been described in the literature is the suffix -go. The morpheme can be found in elicited speech as well as in narrations. This morpheme is one of the few verbal affixes that can appear after the verb stem and plays a role in many subordinate clause constructions. It has been described as a temporal marker, a feature …

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Benefits And Challenges Of Computer-Assisted L2 Chinese Learning In Higher Education, Min Hu Aug 2023

Benefits And Challenges Of Computer-Assisted L2 Chinese Learning In Higher Education, Min Hu

Theses and Dissertations

The first article is a literature review that analyzed 32 articles on computer-assisted L2 Chinese learning in higher education from 2005-2021. Findings revealed current trends, such as mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) and the use of Web 2.0 technologies, and the importance of speaking as the most researched language skill. Most studies employed mixed methods and showed the positive effects of computer-assisted learning on L2 Chinese skills. Challenges identified included limited access to technology, technical difficulties, lack of time and support, and insufficient online/blended pedagogies and competencies. The second article used Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior to examine L2 Chinese instructors' …

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Survey Of Reading Habits And Dialogic Book Reading Practices In Parents Of Preschool-Aged Children, Kimberly Cronin Aug 2023

Survey Of Reading Habits And Dialogic Book Reading Practices In Parents Of Preschool-Aged Children, Kimberly Cronin

Theses and Dissertations

This study explored the reading habits and dialogic book reading practices in parents of preschool-aged children. Early literacy practices in the home influence the development of language skills and academic learning of children. These practices were explored by directly by asking parents to reflect and report on their literacy habits in the home setting. It specifically addresses current reading behaviors that parents implement when reading with their child and observations of their child's attention and involvement during book-sharing sessions. This study was part of a larger study focusing on developing and implementing dialogic reading workshops for parents. A survey with …

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The Effect Of Prior Exposure To Open Badging On Student Motivation To Earn Additional Badges, Tyler J. Westerberg Aug 2023

The Effect Of Prior Exposure To Open Badging On Student Motivation To Earn Additional Badges, Tyler J. Westerberg

Theses and Dissertations

This study addresses student attitudes about open badges (after having been required to earn badges as part of their course work or having earned them through the library) and their desire to earn additional optional badges offered across campus. Research has presented conflicting evidence about the potential effect of open badges on student motivation, usually studying students who have had no previous experience with open badges. However, research has also found that open badges are still largely new and unknown for many people, which may affect initial motivation to earn badges. For this reason, our study considered the potential impact …

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Using De Novo Transcriptomes To Decipher The Relationships In Cutthroat Trout Subspecies (Oncorhynchus Clarkii), Andrea Leena Kokkonen Aug 2023

Using De Novo Transcriptomes To Decipher The Relationships In Cutthroat Trout Subspecies (Oncorhynchus Clarkii), Andrea Leena Kokkonen

Theses and Dissertations

Cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) is a salmonid native to Western North America. For almost 200 years, the taxonomy of these species has fluctuated as ichthyologists and fisheries managers alike have tried to understand the diversity seen within these fishes. In the 1950s, Robert Behnke reexamined the cutthroat trout and identified 14 subspecies based on morphological observations, Pleistocene events, and modern geographic ranges. These designations were instrumental in preserving the remaining diversity of cutthroat trout. Over time, molecular techniques (i.e. karyotypes, allozymes, and mtDNA) have largely replicated Behnke's phylogenies. However, these studies have revealed that some of these relationships are consistently …

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Evapotranspiration In Urban And Agricultural Systems With Interacting Irrigation And Nitrogen Fertilizer Treatments, Samantha R. Shumate Aug 2023

Evapotranspiration In Urban And Agricultural Systems With Interacting Irrigation And Nitrogen Fertilizer Treatments, Samantha R. Shumate

Theses and Dissertations

Nitrogen (N) fertilizer and irrigation are important inputs for all managed plant species, especially in arid and semi-arid climates. The interaction between N management and irrigation can lead to more sustainable practices. This is true for both agricultural and urban environments. Precision nutrient management has been widely adopted by producers in recent decades, and water conservation has become an important goal for turfgrass managers. In urban systems, our goal was to evaluate Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) to determine response to three N fertilizer rates and three irrigation rates in all possible combinations. The main and interacting treatment effects were …

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Electroplating And Machining Of Silicon Carbide Wafers, Madeline Beth Thompson Aug 2023

Electroplating And Machining Of Silicon Carbide Wafers, Madeline Beth Thompson

Theses and Dissertations

Silicon carbide has many properties that make it a promising and desirable material for diverse applications. One such application for silicon carbide wafers is as a transparent cryogenic probe card. This thesis briefly describes the design of a probe card based on a silicon carbide wafer substrate. It includes a description of electroplating fundamentals and demonstrates the feasibility of electroplating copper onto a wafer for the formation of bond pads between the substrate and external PCB ring. The process for electroplating copper with good adhesion and quality based on metal alloy formation, current control, and materials selection is outlined. Results …

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Exploring New Horizons In Microwave-Promoted Iminyl Radical Chemistry And Synthesis Of Bulky Dehydroamino Acids, Jatinder Singh Aug 2023

Exploring New Horizons In Microwave-Promoted Iminyl Radical Chemistry And Synthesis Of Bulky Dehydroamino Acids, Jatinder Singh

Theses and Dissertations

The first project in this dissertation presents a simplified and efficient protocol for synthesizing pyrrolines through 5-exo iminyl radical cyclizations. The microwave irradiation of O-Phenyloximes tethered to alkenes causes N-O homolysis resulting in iminyl radical generation, which subsequently undergoes 5-exo-trig cyclizations furnishing pyrrolines. This eliminates the need for toxic radical initiators (AIBN, benzoyl peroxide), propagating agents (Bu3SnH, (Me3Si)3SiH), and expensive catalysts or single-electron transfer (SET) cycles. We explored the scope of diverse traps and substrates for iminyl radical cyclizations. The iminyl radical cyclizations formed versatile pyrrolines with moderate to excellent yields. The diastereoselectivity also ranged from low to high. Moreover, …

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Improving Xrd Analysis With Machine Learning, Rachel E. Drapeau Aug 2023

Improving Xrd Analysis With Machine Learning, Rachel E. Drapeau

Theses and Dissertations

X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) is an inexpensive method to quantify the relative proportions of mineral phases in a rock or soil sample. However, the analytical software available for XRD requires extensive user input to choose phases to include in the analysis. Consequently, analysis accuracy depends greatly on the experience of the analyst, especially as the number of phases in a sample increases (Raven & Self, 2017; Omotoso, 2006). The purpose of this project is to test whether incorporating machine learning methods into XRD software can improve the accuracy of analyses by assisting in the phase-picking process. In order to provide …

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Perceptions Of "Southern" In Utah English, Chad M. Huckvale Aug 2023

Perceptions Of "Southern" In Utah English, Chad M. Huckvale

Theses and Dissertations

In this study, two experiments are conducted to study language regard of Utah English. Experiment 1 is a draw-a-map study wherein participants were asked to mark areas on a map to of Utah where people speak differently (Preston 1989; Bucholtz et al. 2007). Experiment 2 uses a new research method, referred to here as a "perceptual audio survey". With this method, participants are asked to listen to recordings of native English speakers and identify where in Utah the speaker is likely from (Preston 1996:320-328; Cramer & Montgomery 2016:11). Crucially though, the speakers used in this experiment were from throughout the …

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Lumbar Skin Strain Fields In The Context Of Skin Adhered Wearables, Andrew Kent Gibbons Aug 2023

Lumbar Skin Strain Fields In The Context Of Skin Adhered Wearables, Andrew Kent Gibbons

Theses and Dissertations

A comprehensive background is herein presented for lumbar skin strain and its effect on skin adhered wearable (SAW) products. A background of the development of computational models of the interaction of skin and novel SAWs being researched is also presented. These include products involving the use of high deflection strain gauges to measure skin strain during functional movements (FMs) as a method to address the complicated phenotyping of the etiological causes of low back pain (LBP). The background concludes with the mathematical calculation of the principal skin strain magnitudes and orientations using retroreflective marker coordinate data in a motion capture …

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Religious Commitment, Religious Harm, And Psychological Distress: Course Of Treatment Outcomes, Dane Abegg Aug 2023

Religious Commitment, Religious Harm, And Psychological Distress: Course Of Treatment Outcomes, Dane Abegg

Theses and Dissertations

This study examines the intersection of religion, mental health, and psychotherapy, specifically focusing on the concept of religious injury or harm. The literature review reveals a gap in research regarding the identification of religion as a potential source of emotional pain in religious individuals. To address this gap, this longitudinal study utilized intake data from 1303 clients and follow-up data from 748 clients three months after the completion of psychotherapy treatment. Primary objectives of the study were to examine whether religious commitment changes over the course of psychotherapy, explore if religious commitment influences mental health counseling outcomes, and better understand …

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Multilevel Mixture Irt Modeling For The Analysis Of Differential Item Functioning, Luke Dras Aug 2023

Multilevel Mixture Irt Modeling For The Analysis Of Differential Item Functioning, Luke Dras

Theses and Dissertations

A multilevel mixture IRT (MMixIRT) model for DIF analysis has been proposed as a solution to gain greater insight on the source of nuisance factors which reduce the reliability and validity of educational assessments. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a MMix2PL model in detecting DIF across a broad set of conditions in hierarchically structured, dichotomous data. Monte Carlo simulation was performed to generate examinee response data with conditions common in the field of education. These include (a) two instrument lengths, (b) nine hierarchically structured sample sizes, (c) four latent class features, and (d) eight …

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The Effect Of Shadowing With Text Presentation On Intermediate-Level Esl Learners' Pronunciation, Mishelle Kehoe Aug 2023

The Effect Of Shadowing With Text Presentation On Intermediate-Level Esl Learners' Pronunciation, Mishelle Kehoe

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this research was to replicate previous studies (Foote et al., 2017; Martinsen et al., 2017) investigating the technique of shadowing and its impact on English language learners’ oral fluency and intelligibility. The target population for this study was intermediate-level English language learners as prior shadowing research has focused on advanced learners (Foote et al., 2017) and beginner learners (Lu, 2021). The study involved both a control group (n=10) and a treatment group (n=10), with each group participating in a semester-long class at Brigham Young University’s English Language Center (ELC). Both groups participated in pre and post testing …

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Mental Health Effects Of Applied Mental Health Courses Vs. Non-Course Controls On Depressive Symptoms And Psychological Flexibility, Madeline Jane Cope Diopulos Aug 2023

Mental Health Effects Of Applied Mental Health Courses Vs. Non-Course Controls On Depressive Symptoms And Psychological Flexibility, Madeline Jane Cope Diopulos

Theses and Dissertations

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an applied mental health course in a university setting in reducing distress and symptoms of depression and increasing levels of psychological flexibility. As university psychological services are unable to meet the need of their students, other methods of treatment must be explored. Participants in the study are comprised of those who chose to enroll in a student development course aimed at increasing psychological flexibility and introducing basic psychoeducation as well as various university students who elected to participate. Depressive symptoms and psychological flexibility were measured pre-, mid-, and twice post-test in both …

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L2 English And Language Anxiety: Accuracy, Comprehensibility, And Speech Rate Across Three Communication Tasks, W. Cole Thorpe Aug 2023

L2 English And Language Anxiety: Accuracy, Comprehensibility, And Speech Rate Across Three Communication Tasks, W. Cole Thorpe

Theses and Dissertations

This study examines how second language (L2) English learners differ in their amount of language anxiety across three communication tasks: a formal academic speaking test, an informal casual interaction with a classmate during an activity in pairs, and a formal interview with an unfamiliar native speaker. It also addressed whether and how their language anxiety across the three tasks affected their accuracy, comprehensibility, and rate of speech. Thirty-seven intermediate-high L2 English learners participated in the three communication tasks. They also completed a general language anxiety questionnaire and three anxiety inventories--one before each task. Results demonstrated that the speaking exam caused …

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Understanding Gender Identification Within Individuals With Autism Using The Bem Sex-Role Inventory, Zackery Alan Cusworth Aug 2023

Understanding Gender Identification Within Individuals With Autism Using The Bem Sex-Role Inventory, Zackery Alan Cusworth

Theses and Dissertations

Gender is a socially derived construct that is taught and understood at young ages. However, not every individual has the same social skills to understand these seen and unseen social cues about gender. The Bem Sex-Role Inventory was given to adult individuals with autism in the United States to better understand their masculine, feminine, and androgenous perceptions. These data were then compared to the original Bem Sex-Role Inventory general population study to see if there were any differences. The data show that males with autism had lower masculine scores and higher feminine scores than males in the general population. Females …

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School Psychologists' Recommendations For Tiered Interventions That Target Social-Emotional Competencies, Brandi Alise Bezzant Aug 2023

School Psychologists' Recommendations For Tiered Interventions That Target Social-Emotional Competencies, Brandi Alise Bezzant

Theses and Dissertations

Many schools advocate for addressing the diverse needs of students through a multi-tiered model of prevention and intervention known as the Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS) framework. This framework often incorporates the use of universal screening to obtain data concerning students' academic and/or social-emotional and behavioral needs. School teams are expected to design and implement tiered strategies in response to data concerning students' social-emotional needs; this can be a challenging facet of MTSS. To aid in this endeavor, this qualitative study elicited school psychologists' recommendations for (a) tiered interventions that target secondary students' social-emotional competency needs and (b) professional learning …

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Indirect Tensile Strength Of Clayey Soils Treated With Cement Or Lime, Melissa Adams Cowley Aug 2023

Indirect Tensile Strength Of Clayey Soils Treated With Cement Or Lime, Melissa Adams Cowley

Theses and Dissertations

The objectives of this research were to evaluate the sensitivity of indirect tensile strength (ITS) test results to stabilizer type, stabilizer concentration, and curing time for multiple clayey soils with varying plasticity indices (PIs), identify cases in which an ITS of 30 psi can be obtained, and create a general linear model that predicts ITS. The scope of work included laboratory testing of three clayey soils sampled from Monticello, Utah; Bloomington, Indiana; and San Antonio, Texas. Each soil was tested using two stabilizers, cement or lime, at three concentrations, and two replicate samples were prepared for each combination. ITS testing …

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3rd Party Ip Encryption From Netlist To Bitstream For Xilinx 7-Series Fpgas, Daniel Hutchings Aug 2023

3rd Party Ip Encryption From Netlist To Bitstream For Xilinx 7-Series Fpgas, Daniel Hutchings

Theses and Dissertations

IP vendors need to keep the internal designs of their IP secret from the IP user for security or commercial reasons. The CAD tools provided by FPGA vendors have some built-in functionality to encrypt the IP. However, the IP is consequently decrypted by the CAD tools in order to run the IP through the design flow. An IP user can use APIs provided by the CAD tools to recreate the IP in an unencrypted state. An IP user could also easily learn the internals of a protected IP with the advent of new open-source bitstream to netlist tools. The user …

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