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The Jdevs Modelling And Simulation Environment, J. B. Filippi, M. Delhom, F. Bernardi Jul 2002

The Jdevs Modelling And Simulation Environment, J. B. Filippi, M. Delhom, F. Bernardi

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

This paper describes the JDEVS modelling and simulation environment. JDEVS has been developedfor over a year to serve as an experimental framework for natural systems modelling techniques. It enablesdiscrete-event, general purpose, object-oriented, component based, GIS connected, collaborative, visual simulationmodel development and execution. The sample models implementations shows that this experimentalenvironment might be used to solve any complex problems solvable by discrete-event simulation and is especiallysuited for natural system modelling and simulation. Already, hierarchical block (static) and cellularmodels can be modelled and simulated within the environment. We are now extending those capabilities withthe development of a multi-layered modelling paradigm for spatially …

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Georef: A Software For Improving The Use Of Remote Sensing Images In Environmental Applications, D. Carrion, M. Gianinetto, M. Scaioni Jul 2002

Georef: A Software For Improving The Use Of Remote Sensing Images In Environmental Applications, D. Carrion, M. Gianinetto, M. Scaioni

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Analysis of temporal sequences of satellite images is of great importance in the monitoring ofenvironmental phenomena, where both multi-temporal and multi-spectral images are widely used. The firstproblem to deal with such a kind of imagery is their geo-referencing, i.e. computing a transformation to ageodetic or cartographic datum. This task is usually performed by manually measuring control points, whoseground coordinates are read on existing maps or measured by GPS. In this paper we propose a software(GEOREF) to increase the automation of this procedure, which is very heavy for the operators in the RemoteSensing field. Considering a multi-temporal sequence of satellite images, …

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A Systematic Approach To Assess Highland Resource Management Options In Northern Thailand, K. Trisophon, V. Punyawadee Jul 2002

A Systematic Approach To Assess Highland Resource Management Options In Northern Thailand, K. Trisophon, V. Punyawadee

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Problems that have emerged from the ongoing highland development schemes in northernThailand indicate the need for better understanding of resource management issues in the region. Particularattention has been paid to land and water management. An integrated modelling system has been developedto address this issue based on a multidisciplinary approach. The components of the system include a cropsimulation model, a hydrological model and a set of linear programming models. The modelling systemenables users to simulate farmers’ decision making process concerning farmland and water resourcemanagement. Conditions for farmers’ decisions are adjusted seasonally and annually, by an embeddedfeedback mechanism, according to the simulated …

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Spasim: A Software To Simulate Cellular Automata Models, Niandry Moreno, Magdiel Ablan, Giorgio Tonella Jul 2002

Spasim: A Software To Simulate Cellular Automata Models, Niandry Moreno, Magdiel Ablan, Giorgio Tonella

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Simulation models are a key tool to study the dynamics of ecological systems where space plays a fundamental role. These kinds of models in which the dynamic of the system is space-dependent are called spatial simulation models. The most frequently used approach to simulate spatial models consists of a simulation program (typically developed in a general purposed language) that periodically exports results to a Geographic Information System (GIS) to visualize or analyze the spatial component. This type of approach requires of a user programming skills and to be knowledgeable about GIS, limiting the use of the model and increasing the …

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Use Of Hec-Ras And Hec-Hms Models With Arcview For Hydrologic Risk Management, A. Pistocchi, P. Mazzoli Jul 2002

Use Of Hec-Ras And Hec-Hms Models With Arcview For Hydrologic Risk Management, A. Pistocchi, P. Mazzoli

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

The paper discusses how the well known USACE HEC models, RAS and HMS, are fullyintegrated within the decision support system of the Romagna River Basins in order to predict flood effects.The models are fully available from the web and cope with such a variety of problems as rainfall-runoffmodeling, river and civil works hydraulics, and the mapping of hydraulic hazard. The paper illustrates themethodology followed to integrate existing topographic and hydrologic data, calibrate both hydrologic andhydraulic models, and produce maps directly usable in land planning. The paper stresses the organizationalproblems involved in the development of such a decision support system, and …

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Renewable Energy: A Decision Support System For Forest Biomass Exploitation, D. Freppaz, R. Minciardi, M. Robba, Roberto Sacile, A. Taramasso Jul 2002

Renewable Energy: A Decision Support System For Forest Biomass Exploitation, D. Freppaz, R. Minciardi, M. Robba, Roberto Sacile, A. Taramasso

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

A decision support system for forest biomass exploitation for energy supply is presented. In the proposed approach, geographic information system based techniques are integrated with mathematical programming methods yielding a comprehensive system, which allows formalizing the problem, taking decisions, and evaluating their effects. The aim of this work is to evaluate the possibility of biomass exploitation for both thermal and electric energy production in a provincial area. The decision support system is able to locate and size different kinds of plants on the territory (defining which kind of energy is convenient to produce for the specific area), take into account …

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Modelling Annual Rainfall Using A Hidden-State Markov Model, R. Srikanthan, M. A. Thyer, George Kuczera, T. A. Mcmahon Jul 2002

Modelling Annual Rainfall Using A Hidden-State Markov Model, R. Srikanthan, M. A. Thyer, George Kuczera, T. A. Mcmahon

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

In the past, stochastic modelling approaches generally assumed no variation in the parameters between years. There is a growing awareness of long term persistence in climatic data in the form of wetter and drier years. To take this information into account, model parameters should be varied in some way. The hidden-state Markov (HSM) model assumes that the climate is composed of two states, either a dry state (low rainfall year) or a wet state (high rainfall year). This approach provides an explicit mechanism for the HSM model to simulate the influence of quasi-periodic phenomenon such as ENSO. Separate distributions are …

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Evaluating Agricultural Systems For Environmental Sustainability Using An Impact Matrix Approach, James C. Ascough Ii, D.L. Hoag, Alejandra Engler-Palma Jul 2002

Evaluating Agricultural Systems For Environmental Sustainability Using An Impact Matrix Approach, James C. Ascough Ii, D.L. Hoag, Alejandra Engler-Palma

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Sustainable agriculture is a complex problem that demands consideration of many interrelated factors, processes, and institutions. Unfortunately, current definitions of sustainability are expansive, and use as a guide for strategic planning or decision making is clouded by ambiguity and a plethora of definitions. Regardless of how sustainability is defined, agricultural producers are interested in developing and evaluating agricultural management systems that are both environmentally sound and economically profitable. There has been a proliferation of decision analysis and economic indicator tools developed to aid producers; however, the tools rarely are used due to excessive complexity or a failure to capture important …

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Interaction Protocols For A Network Of Environmental Problem Solvers, M. K. Purvis, P. Hwang, M. A. Purvis, S. J. Cranefield, M. Schievink Jul 2002

Interaction Protocols For A Network Of Environmental Problem Solvers, M. K. Purvis, P. Hwang, M. A. Purvis, S. J. Cranefield, M. Schievink

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Environmental management and emergency response often involves the joint cooperation of anetwork of distributed problem solvers, each of which may be specialised for a specific task or problem domain.Some of these problem solvers could be human, others could be ‘intelligent’ environmental monitoring andcontrol systems. Environmental software systems are needed not only for the provision of basic environmentalinformation but also to support the coordination of these problem solvers. An agent architecture can supportthe requirement associated with disparate problem solvers. The various stakeholders in the process arerepresented by software agents which can collaborate with each other toward achieving a particular goal. Thecommunication …

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Lpv Approximation Of Distributed Parameter Systems In Environmental Modeling, G. Belforte, F. Dabbene, P. Gay Jul 2002

Lpv Approximation Of Distributed Parameter Systems In Environmental Modeling, G. Belforte, F. Dabbene, P. Gay

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Environmental systems often involve phenomena that are continuous functions not only of time, but also of other independent variables, such as space coordinates. Typical examples are transportation phenomena of mass or energy, such as heat transmission and/or exchange, humidity diffusion or concentration distributions. These systems are intrinsically distributed parameter systems whose description usually requires the introduction of partial differential equations (PDE). Therefore, their modeling can be quite complex, both for what concerns the model construction and its identification. Indeed, a typical approach for the simulation of such systems is the use of finite element techniques. However, this kind of description …

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Star-Garch Models Of Ecological Patents In The Usa, Felix Chan, Dora Marinova, Michael Mcaleer Jul 2002

Star-Garch Models Of Ecological Patents In The Usa, Felix Chan, Dora Marinova, Michael Mcaleer

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Ecological patents have been increasing steadily over time. The paper analyses trends and volatility inecological patents in the USA from 1975 to 1997. Germany contributed more than 10% of the total number of USecological patents, and is by far the strongest foreign performer. The time-varying nature of the volatility of thepatents ratio, namely the ratio of US ecological patents to total US patents, is examined using monthly data fromJanuary 1975 to December 1997. The regime-switching LSTAR-GARCH model is found to be optimal formodelling the ecological patents ratio.

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Fuzzy Prediction Of The Algal Blooms In The Orbetello Lagoon, Stefano Marsili-Libelli, G. Pacini, C. Barresi Jul 2002

Fuzzy Prediction Of The Algal Blooms In The Orbetello Lagoon, Stefano Marsili-Libelli, G. Pacini, C. Barresi

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

The Orbetello lagoon is a shallow brackish waterbody subject to intense and diverse eutrophication (phytoplancton, macroalgae and macrophytes). Periodically a large amount of algae must be artificially removed, their collection and disposal representing a considerable management cost. This paper describes the design of a bloom predictor based on the daily fluctuations of simple water quality parameters such ad dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential, pH and temperature. The task of the fuzzy predictor is to recognise the possibility that a bloom of the macroalgae population is about to occur based on the changing daily pattern of these variables. The fuzzy predictor is …

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Modelling The Asymmetric Volatility Of Electronics Patents In The Usa, Felix Chan, Dora Marinova, Michael Mcaleer Jul 2002

Modelling The Asymmetric Volatility Of Electronics Patents In The Usa, Felix Chan, Dora Marinova, Michael Mcaleer

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

This paper analyses the asymmetric volatility in Japanese electronics and electrical equipment (hereafter,electronics) patents in the USA from 1975 to 1997. The number of patents has been increasing steadily over time andthe electronics industry has a 30% share of total Japanese patents in the USA. Thus, such patents reflect a strategicdevelopment by Japanese companies for the US market. The time-varying nature of the volatility of the ratio of thenumber of electronics patents registered in the USA from Japan to the total number of electronics patents registered inthe USA is examined for a variety of asymmetric models using data for the …

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A Dss For Water Resources Management Under Uncertainty, Stefano Pallottino, Giovanni M. Sechi, Paola Zuddas Jul 2002

A Dss For Water Resources Management Under Uncertainty, Stefano Pallottino, Giovanni M. Sechi, Paola Zuddas

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

In this paper we present a scenario analysis approach to perform water system planning andmanagement under climatic and hydrological uncertainty. A DSS with a a graphical interface allows the user afriendly data-input phase and results analysis.Different generation techniques can be used to set up and analyze a number of scenarios. Uncertainty ismodeled by a scenario-tree in a multistage environment, which includes different possible configurations ofinflows in a wide time-horizon. The aim is to identify trends and essential features on which to base a robustdecision policy.The DSS prevent obsolescence of optimizer codes exploiting the standard input format MPS. Obtained resultsshow that …

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A Modelling Framework Incorporating A Map Algebra Programming Language, D. Pullar Jul 2002

A Modelling Framework Incorporating A Map Algebra Programming Language, D. Pullar

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

The paper presents a modelling framework to integrate dynamic analysis and spatial analysis, andto apply this to a hydrological application. The dynamic analysis runs a simulation of a set of processmodules. Modules for spatial analysis functionality are implemented in software libraries, or components.Currently we support components for a map algebra language called MapScript, and for spreadsheetcalculations using Excel. An important issue in environmental models and in any modelling framework isdealing with different scale processes. When processes occur over different time or spatial scales but are stillintegrally related, this becomes a problem for applying efficient modelling solutions. The paper reviews twocommon …

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An International Comparison Of Foreign Patents Registered In The Usa, Michael Mcaleer, Felix Chan, Dora Marinova Jul 2002

An International Comparison Of Foreign Patents Registered In The Usa, Michael Mcaleer, Felix Chan, Dora Marinova

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

This paper analyses trends and volatilities in registered patents for the top 12 foreign patenting countries inthe USA. In terms of total US patents by foreign countries, Japan is ranked first, followed distantly by Germany andthen France. Patent registrations from each of the 12 countries have increased steadily over time, but at different rates.Using monthly time series data for 1975-1998, the time-varying volatility of the patents ratio, namely US patentsregistered by each of the top 12 foreign countries relative to total US patents, is examined in detail. Internationalrankings based on both the number of patents and patent intensity (or patents …

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Generic Integration In Environmental Information And Decision Support Systems, Ralf Denzer Jul 2002

Generic Integration In Environmental Information And Decision Support Systems, Ralf Denzer

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Environmental Information Systems (EIS) and Environmental Decision Support Systems (EDSS) are major building blocks in environmental management and science today. They are used at all levels of public bodies (community, state, national and international level), in science, in management and as information platforms towards the public. EIS and EDSS are usually said to have certain characteristics, which distinguish them from standard information systems, e.g. information complexity in time and space or uncompleteness or fuzzyness of data items. By the very nature of the complex tasks involved, different methodologies can be an option while developing a new system, for instance modelling, …

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Putting The Decision In Decision Support, David Swayne Jul 2002

Putting The Decision In Decision Support, David Swayne

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

We consider a novel approach to developing multi-objective environmental decision support applications. We propose using causal probabilistic networks (CPN) to subsume one or more engineering process models, together with CPN implementations of specific decisions and utility measures. So-called decision nodes are set to prior probability assignments of 1/N (where the particular decision has N possible values) and utility nodes are based upon the standard lottery principle give a value for that decision choice. The decisions can be so-called "one-shot" or sequential (time-dependent or at least seasonal). In the latter case maximization of the utility is calculated by gaming to optimize …

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Modelling Intervention Strategies For Cooperative Environmental Management, Jim Doran Jul 2002

Modelling Intervention Strategies For Cooperative Environmental Management, Jim Doran

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Central to sustainable natural resource management is the achievement of cooperation and collective action amongst stakeholders with initially conflicting short and long-term goals. It is argued that automatically generated agent-based computer models may be used to explore the ways in which external intervention can bring about effective stakeholder cooperation in environmental resource management contexts. The potential advantages of the agent-based modelling approach in this context include objectivity, and the discovery of currently unrecognised intervention strategies of practical value. An experimental procedure is proposed, and, by reference to a detailed design for a class of agent-based models, the technical obstacles that …

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An Integrated Assessment Framework For Combining General Systems And Organizational Levels, Roman Lenz Jul 2002

An Integrated Assessment Framework For Combining General Systems And Organizational Levels, Roman Lenz

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

It is stated, that ecological theories like the one of organizational levels in living systems, ifcombined with a general systems approach, can be useful also for understanding and manipulating socialsystems and its “hidden socio-cybernetic processes”.Especially in relation to trans-level phenomena affecting different organisational levels, different researchapproaches have to be introduced, showing that descriptive-observational (which also means more holistic)and quantitative-experimental (which also means more reductionistic) approaches are complementary.Therefore, to include all relevant information in delineation and description of systems at any integrationlevel, a ”staircase” or ”scaling” of research steps appears to be the most useful approach. This combinescomparative and quantitative research …

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Flood Forecasting Using Artificial Neural Networks In Black-Box And Conceptual Rainfall-Runoff Modelling, Elena Toth, Armando Brath Jul 2002

Flood Forecasting Using Artificial Neural Networks In Black-Box And Conceptual Rainfall-Runoff Modelling, Elena Toth, Armando Brath

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

The paper presents a comparison of lumped runoff modelling approaches, aimed at the realtime forecasting of flood events, based on or integrating Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). ANNs are used in two ways: (a) as black-box type runoff simulation models or (b) for the real-time improvement of the discharge forecasts issued by a conceptual-type rainfall-runoff model. As far as the coupling of ANNs with a conceptual model is concerned, feed forward neural networks are used as univariate time-series analysis techniques both for forecasting the future rainfall values to be provided as input to the hydrological model and for updating the river …

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Modular Ecosystem Modeling, Alexey Voinov, Carl Fitz, Thomas Maxwell, Roelof Boumans, Robert Costanza Jul 2002

Modular Ecosystem Modeling, Alexey Voinov, Carl Fitz, Thomas Maxwell, Roelof Boumans, Robert Costanza

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

The modular ecosystem modeling approach was used to create a flexible landscape model structure that is easy to modify and extend for particular case studies and applications. The Library of Hydro Ecological Modules (LHEM; http://iee.umces.edu/LHEM) includes modules that describe hydrologic processes, nutrient cycling, vegetation growth, decomposition, etc., both locally and spatially. LHEM is implemented within the framework of the Spatial Modeling Environment (SME; http://iee.umces.edu/SME3) that integrates modules and places local simulation models into a spatial context. The LHEM was used to build the Patuxent Landscape Model (PLM) as well as models of several subwatersheds of the Patuxent. Local ecosystem dynamics …

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Model Integration For Assessing Future Hydroclimate Impacts On Water Resources, Agricultural Economic Sustainability And Environmental Quality, N. W. T. Quinn, L. D. Brekke, K. L. Bashford, N. L. Miller, H. Hidalgo, P. Raju, J. A. Dracup Jul 2002

Model Integration For Assessing Future Hydroclimate Impacts On Water Resources, Agricultural Economic Sustainability And Environmental Quality, N. W. T. Quinn, L. D. Brekke, K. L. Bashford, N. L. Miller, H. Hidalgo, P. Raju, J. A. Dracup

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

The US National Assessment of the Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Changeprovides compelling arguments for serious consideration of actions and adaptive measures by countries aroundthe world to better manage impacts on water resources, agricultural economic sustainability and environmentalquality. National resource planning at this scale requires integrated impact analysis toolboxes to allow linkageand integration of hydroclimate models, linked surface and groundwater hydrologic models, economic andenvironmental impact models as well as techniques for social impact assessment. The rationale for selection ofthe simulation models is described as well as the challenges faced in linking the component models of theimpacts assessment toolbox. Results …

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Implementation Of A Multiagent Prototype For Wwtp Management, F. Borrell, D. Riaño, Miquel Sànchez-Marrè, Ignasi Rodríguez-Roda Jul 2002

Implementation Of A Multiagent Prototype For Wwtp Management, F. Borrell, D. Riaño, Miquel Sànchez-Marrè, Ignasi Rodríguez-Roda

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

The control and management of a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) is a complex task that requires the supervision of human experts. To ease this task, Multiagent Systems provide a framework for a more efficiently control in environmental processes. A prototype of multiagent system has been designed for WWTP management. Two subgroups of agents are identified: the interface and the intelligent agents. The first subgroup is designed to interact with the plant and the final users. This group contains the monitoring agent, which is used to store and manage all the sensor data incomes, the actuator agent which acts on the …

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A Multiobjective Approach For Solid Waste Management, R. Minciardi, Massimo Paolucci, M. Robba, Roberto Sacile Jul 2002

A Multiobjective Approach For Solid Waste Management, R. Minciardi, Massimo Paolucci, M. Robba, Roberto Sacile

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Nowadays, solid waste management is a problem of major relevance for all societies. Finding acceptable strategies to cope with such a problem is becoming a quite hard task, owing to the increasing awareness of environmental issues by population and authorities. In general, this awareness has led to the development of enhanced pollution control technologies and to a more rigorous legislation on waste handling and disposal, to minimize the related environmental impact. Solid waste management is a problem that is even more felt at the municipal level, where decision makers should plan an effective strategy, taking simultaneously into account conflicting objectives …

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Ecological Modelling Using The Spreadsheet Model Tabsim, L. Matejicek Jul 2002

Ecological Modelling Using The Spreadsheet Model Tabsim, L. Matejicek

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Simulation of ecological systems represents more sophisticated analysis, which extends possibilities of standard research methods. In contrast to majority of computer languages available for calculation of dynamic models, spreadsheet models (TabSim-Table Simulation) offer to spend more effort on investigating the features of a dynamic system, rather than writing a program code. The program structures are replaced by table objects, which represent basic dynamic relations (integrations and time delays) and static relations (described by built-in functions and user functions). In addition to calculation of dynamic and static relations, the wide range of built-in graphs and graphic objects can be used for …

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Informing The Decision Process To Improve The Sustainability Of An Urban Greenfield Development Water System, V. G. Mitchell Jul 2002

Informing The Decision Process To Improve The Sustainability Of An Urban Greenfield Development Water System, V. G. Mitchell

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

The provision of water supply, sanitation and drainage services is an essential part of an urban greenfield development. The Brazil Development Study is a joint project initiated by CSIRO Urban Water, Brisbane City Council, Pike Mirls McKnoulty Pty Ltd and Brazil Enterprises, with the objective of providing water services to the Heathwood residential and industrial development site that is more sustainable than conventional practice. A series of water system scenarios were developed and analysed to quantify their benefits and drawbacks. The analysis comprised of detailed water and contaminant balance modelling, preliminary design and costing of infrastructure, assessment of social perspectives …

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A Microsimulation Model For Assessing Urine Flows In Urban Wastewater Management, Irene Peters, Kai-H Brassel, Christian Sporria Jul 2002

A Microsimulation Model For Assessing Urine Flows In Urban Wastewater Management, Irene Peters, Kai-H Brassel, Christian Sporria

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

We report on a microsimulation model under development whose purpose it is to construct scenarios for the assessment of a novel wastewater management technology: the separate collection, transport, and handling of human urine. Levelling the urine flow to the treatment plant or removing it from conventional treatment altogether has many benefits for wastewater management. For an effective technology implementation, it is useful to know the spatial and temporal distribution of urine generation. This can be achieved with microsimulation modelling which depicts the objects under study on a one-to-one basis and thus allows capturing the co-variation of different variables across these …

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Parsimonious Catchment And River Flow Modelling, R. H. Khatibi, R. J. Moore, Martijn J. Booij, D. Cadman, G. Boyce Jul 2002

Parsimonious Catchment And River Flow Modelling, R. H. Khatibi, R. J. Moore, Martijn J. Booij, D. Cadman, G. Boyce

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

It is increasingly the case that models are being developed as “evolving” products rather than one-off application tools, such that auditable modelling versus ad hoc treatment of models becomes a pivotal issue. Auditable modelling is particularly vital to “parsimonious modelling” aimed at meeting specific modelling requirements. This paper outlines various contributory factors and aims to seed proactively a research topic by inextricably linking value/risk management to parsimonious modelling. Value management in modelling may be implemented in terms of incorporating “enough detail” into a model so that the synergy among the constituent units of the model captures that of the real …

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Development Of An Intelligent Data Analysis System For Knowledge Management In Environmental Data Bases, Miquel Sànchez-Marrè, Karina Gibert, Ignasi Rodríguez-Roda, Eva Bueno, Lidia Mozo, Aleix Clavell, Mario Martína, Philippe Rougé Jul 2002

Development Of An Intelligent Data Analysis System For Knowledge Management In Environmental Data Bases, Miquel Sànchez-Marrè, Karina Gibert, Ignasi Rodríguez-Roda, Eva Bueno, Lidia Mozo, Aleix Clavell, Mario Martína, Philippe Rougé

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

In this work, the goals of the ongoing research project “Development of an Intelligent Data Analysis System for Knowledge Management in Environmental Data Bases” are presented. This project started in 2000, and the Spanish Government will finance it until 2003. Its main goal is to design and develop a prototype of a tool for intelligent data analysis and implicit knowledge management of databases, with special focus on environmental databases. It is remarkable the high quantity of information and knowledge patterns implicit in large databases coming from the monitoring of any system or dynamical environmental process. For instance, historical data collected …

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