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Spruce Beetle (Dendroctonus Rufipennis) Outbreak In Engelmann Spruce (Picea Engelmannii) In Central Utah, 1986–1998, Alan D. Dymerski, John A. Anhold, Allen S. Munson

Western North American Naturalist

Extensive Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) mortality caused by the spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby) has been occurring at the southern end of the Wasatch Plateau in central Utah. This spruce beetle outbreak is the largest recorded in Utah history. An extensive ground survey was conducted in 1996 on the Manti-LaSal National Forest, Sanpete and Ferron Ranger Districts, to document mortality and impact of a major spruce beetle outbreak on post-outbreak forest composition. In 1998 the same sites were resurveyed. Survey results indicate Engelmann spruce basal area (BA) loss averaged 78% in trees ≥5 inches diameter …

Scatter-Hoarding Behavior Of Deer Mice (Peromyscus Maniculatus), Stephen B. Vander Wall, Theodore C. Thayer, Jennifer S. Hodge, Maurie J. Beck, Julie K. Roth

Western North American Naturalist

Deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) are known to larder hoard food, but their scatter-hoarding behavior is poorly documented. Eleven deer mice were each presented with 150 Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi) seeds in 10 × 10-m enclosures in Jeffrey pine forests on the east slope of the Sierra Nevada. Subjects made a mean ±1 s of 31.2 ± 30.0 caches per trial. Caches were shallow (most 2–12 mm deep) and usually contained only 1 or 2 seeds. Most caches were made at the edge of antelope bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata) shrubs in mineral soil or in thin …

Full Issue, Vol. 61 No. 1

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

Burden Of Proof: A Review Of Fingerprints Of God, By Arvin S. Gibson, Kevin Livingstone

Review of Books on the Book of Mormon 1989–2011

Review of Fingerprints of God: Evidences from Near-Death Studies, Scientific Research on Creation, and Mormon Theology (1999), by Arvin S. Gibson

Swiss In South Dakota: A Preliminary Sketch, Leo Schelbert

Swiss American Historical Society Review

Prepared in Commemoration of the Opening of the

Midwest Dairy Institute, Milbank, South Dakota, June 7, 200 I

The Other Stuff: Reading The Book Of Mormon For Cultural Information, Brant A. Gardner

Review of Books on the Book of Mormon 1989–2011

Review of Nephite culture and Society: Selected Papers (1997), by John L. Sorenson

The Verdict On Cohabitation Vs. Marriage, Jeffrey H. Larson

Marriage and Families

No abstract provided.

The Prevention Of Infirm Or Monstrous Births, Michael T. Walton, Robert M. Fineman

Quidditas

From ancient times, humans have tried to improve reproductive outcome, that is, to give birth to healthy, beautiful babies. Both folk traditions and medical theories offered hope that inform or monstrous births could be avoided. While most efforts were ineffectual by modern standards, some may have been beneficial. It was not until well into the twentieth century that clearly demonstrable therapies were developed to improve birth outcomes. However, those therapies were almost as limited as the ancient techniques, in light of the possibilities of genetic therapy in the twenty-first century. In the following essay, we will look at the history …

Evidence?, Philip D. Lafleur

Review of Books on the Book of Mormon 1989–2011

Review of Fingerprints of God: Evidences from Near-Death Studies, Scientific Research on Creation, and Mormon Theology (1999), by Arvin S. Gibson

Denote Or Prove?, G. Bruce Schaalje

Review of Books on the Book of Mormon 1989–2011

Review of Fingerprints of God: Evidences from Near-Death Studies, Scientific Research on Creation, and Mormon Theology (1999), by Arvin S. Gibson

Analysis Of A Mixed Cereal Of Legumes That Processes Similar Nutritional Characteristics To A Cereal Product Of Local Consumption And Its Economic Feasibility, Willy Ivan Anzaldo Garcia

Theses and Dissertations

In this analysis, we plan on developing vegetable mixes with high nutritional qualities and instant fuel consumption. These are to be used as a nutritional supplement in the feeding of children from 6 months of age. Initially, I selected the raw material, due to its high protein content and low cost (soy, tarhui, Cuban corn, rice, wheat, barley). They formed mixes with nutritional characteristics similar to the control for reference (15.5% of protein, 419 kcal of energy). From these formulas, different tests of completed production of mixtures, going so far as to obtain eight mixes with good nutritional and organoleptic …

Applying The Elian Gonzalez Case To Child Abuse Laws, S. Luke Leininger

Brigham Young University Prelaw Review

No abstract provided.

Parental Rights V. Best Interest: A War Between Parents And Grandparents, Matt Christensen

Brigham Young University Prelaw Review

No abstract provided.

Full Issue, Prelaw Review

Brigham Young University Prelaw Review

No abstract provided.

Eating, Nutrition And Of Health Diagnostic Of The Elementary Schools Of The Communities Of Guambo And The Rinconada, Province Of Imbabura 2002-2001, Ruth Muriel

Theses and Dissertations

The rural communities of the province of Imbabura present multiple problems of environmental, educational, and economic kind. Previous studies show that the rural communities of the Ecuadorian population present serious problems of health and nutrition, among those that excel are: poliparasitosis, respiratory infections and diarrheal, malnutrition, deficiency of micro nutrients, sanitary deficiency, scarce economic resources and low level of instruction. All these factors have caused a decrease in the productive capacity of the country and affected their level of development. In addition, delay exists in size in the students, which leads to a decrease in the capacity for physical work, …

Surface Analogy And Spelling Rules In English Vowel Alterations, David Eddington

Faculty Publications

Previous psycholinguistic research into the English vocalic system suggest that the vowel alternations [ei-re, ii-£, ai-1, ow- a, u"-A], termed SPELLING RULE ALTERNATIONS, are psychologically significant for English speakers, in that they can influence the pronunciation of unfamiliar words. In this paper, the influence of these salient alternations on nonce words and neologisms is assessed. The effect of su1face analogy on the pronunciation of novel words is also examined. Surface analogy may be defined as the influence exerted by the fu lly specified surface forms of the morphemic relatives of a word. It assumes that all allomorphs of a given …

Mormons In The Press: Reactions To The 1901 Opening Of The Japan Mission, Shinji Takagi

BYU Studies

During the first month when a Mormon Apostle and three missionaries arrived to begin proselytizing work in Japan, the local and national press published at least 160 articles on Mormonism, many of the articles appearing on the front page. The media attention was unprecedented for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in that country. Here the author explores the reaction from the Japanese press toward Mormons, the social and historical context that led to such interest, and some of the media controversies that arose. The author concludes that one of the biggest reasons Mormons received such attention when …

The Selection Of Narrow Wavebands For Optimizing Water Quality Monitoring On The Great Miami River, Ohio Using Hyperspectral Remote Sensor Data

Journal of Spatial Hydrology

Remote sensing data were successfully used to estimate spatial and temporal variation of optical water quality parameters such as chlorophyll a, turbidity and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) of the Great Miami River, Ohio. During the summer of 1999, spectral data were collected with a hand-held spectroradiometer, a laboratory spectrometer and airborne hyperspectral sensors. Approximately 80 km of the Great Miami River were imaged during a flyover with a Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI) sensor. Approximately 10 km were imaged during a second flyover to repeat coverage of the urban and industrial influences around the city of Dayton, Ohio. Instream measurements …

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Quasi Species That Rebound After Discontinuation Of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Are Similar To The Viral Quasi Species Present Before Initiation Of Therapy, Keith A. Crandall, Hiromi Imamichi, Ven Natarajan, Min Kang Jiang, Robin L. Dewar, Steve Berg, Arunasri Gaddam, Marjorie Bosche, Julie A. Metcalf, Richard T. Davey Jr., H. Clifford Lane

Faculty Publications

In an effort to identify the sources of the viruses that emerge after discontinuation of therapy, analyses of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) quasi species were done for 3 patients with sustained levels of HIV RNA of <50 copies/mL for 1-3 years. The sequences found in the rebounding plasma virus were closely related to those of the actively replicating form of viruses present before the initiation of combination therapy. All quasi species found in the rebounding plasma virus were also present in proviral DNA, cell-associated RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and virion RNA derived from PBMC coculture during periods when plasma HIV RNA levels were <50 copies/mL. These findings suggest that the rapid resurgence of plasma viremia observed after discontinuation of therapy and the viruses cocultured from PBMC are derived from a relatively stable pool of the replicating form of virus rather than from activation of a previously latent pool.

Religiosity And Delinquency: A Test Of The Religious Ecology Hypothesis, S. Cory Harmon

Theses and Dissertations

Research testing the relationship between adolescent religiosity and delinquent behavior is inconclusive. Some studies show a significant negative relationship while others indicate no relationship. Stark (1996) asserts that the relationship between religiosity and delinquency is a function of community religiosity as opposed to personal religiosity. Thus, in areas of high religiosity, there will be a strong relationship, while areas of low religiosity will show no relationship. This study looks at the relationship between religiosity and delinquency of LDS youth in four different religious ecologies: Utah County (high religious ecology), the East coast (moderate religious ecology), the Pacific Northwest (low religious …

Varieties Of Religion-Family Linkages, John R. Snarey, David C. Dollahite

Faculty Publications

The 4 articles in this special issue make important contributions to both family and religious studies as well as to their interface. This commentary begins by considering 4 unifying themes present across all of the articles, including meaningful religion-family linkages, the importance of gender differences in the faith-family interface, the significance of intergenerational relationships, and the need for better theory. The authors then discuss the unique major strength and secondary limitations of each study. Finally, the commentary focuses on two challenges inhibiting the contemporary study of religion and the family–a relative lack of racial and religious diversity in samples and …

Behavioral Inhibition, Social Withdrawal, And Parenting, Kim B. Burgess, Kenneth H. Rubin, Charissa S. L. Cheah, Larry J. Nelson

Faculty Publications

The study of children's social and emotional development requires that attention be paid to such factors as dispositional/biological factors (e.g., temperament), familial interactions and relationships, social contexts (e.g., school, neighborhood), and culture. For example, Hinde (1995) has advanced the notion that development be considered from a multi-level perspective beginning with individual characteristics and progressing the interaction, relationship, and group levels of analysis and conjecture. At the level of the individual child, developmental scientists have studies such constructs as temperament that might lead to problematic social or behavioral outcomes. One such interpersonal characteristic is that of "difficult" temperament – a phenomenon …

Non-Social Play As A Risk Factor In Social And Emotional Development, Charissa S. L. Cheah, Larry J. Nelson, Kenneth H. Rubin

Faculty Publications

Children spend much of their youthful energy engaged in play. Indeed, play, in its various forms, represents a serious business – not only for the active participations, but also for students of the phenomenon. To many researchers, play is viewed as a generative fore in children's social, emotional, and cognitive development (see Rubin, Fein, & Vandenberg, 1983; Saracho & Spodek, 1998; Fromberg & Bergen, 1998). The extent to which children engage in play with others is of added developmental significance. In light of the complexity and developmental significance of children's play and especially play with peers, it seems important to …

Molecular Dynamics Calculations Of The Electrochemical Properties Of Electrolyte Systems Between Charged Electrodes, Richard L. Rowley, Paul S. Crozier, Douglas Henderson

Faculty Publications

We investigate the interfacial electrochemical properties of an aqueous electrolyte solution with discrete water molecules in slab geometry between charged atomistic electrodes. Long-range intermolecular Coulombic interactions are calculated using the particle particle particle mesh method with a modification to account for the slab geometry. Density distribution profiles and potential drops across the double layer are given for 0, 0.25, and 1 M aqueous electrolyte solutions each electrode surface charges. Results are compared qualitatively with experimental x-ray scattering findings, other computer simulation results, and traditional electrochemistry theory. The interfacial fluid structure characteristics are generally in good qualitative agreement with the conclusions …

Parallel Phylogenetic Inference, Mark J. Clement, David Mclaughlin, Quinn O. Snell, Michael Whiting

Faculty Publications

Recent advances in DNA sequencing technology have created large data sets upon which phylogenetic inference can be performed. However, current research is limited by the prohibitive time necessary to perform tree search on even a reasonably sized data set. Some parallel algorithms have been developed but the biological research community does not use them because they don’t trust the results from newly developed parallel software. This paper presents a new phylogenetic algorithm that allows existing, trusted phylogenetic software packages to be executed in parallel using the DOGMA parallel processing system. The results presented here indicate that data sets that currently …

Facilitation Of Yucca Brevifolia Recruitment By Mojave Desert Shrubs, Steve Brittingham, Lawrence R. Walker

Western North American Naturalist

Patterns of recruitment for Yucca brevifolia (Joshua tree) were investigated on 3 elevational transects, 1000–2000 m, in the Spring and Sheep Mountain ranges of southern Nevada. Yucca brevifolia is distributed throughout a broad range of plant communities dominated by Larrea tridentata and Ambrosia dumosa at low elevations, Coleogyne ramosissima at middle elevations, and an Artemisia-Pinus-Juniperus community at upper elevations. The density of Y. brevifolia gradually increased from the lowest elevations, peaked at 1600 m, and remained at intermediate levels at high elevations until reaching an abrupt upper elevational limit at 2000 m. Open substrate dominated the study areas; however, a …

Variability Among Five Riparian Cottonwood (Populus Fremontii Wats.) Populations: An Examination Of Size, Density, And Spatial Distribution, Diane L. Rowland, Beth Biagini, Ann S. Evans

Western North American Naturalist

Various abiotic and biotic factors are known to affect tree size, including age, genetics, and environment. Knowledge of size variation within natural riparian tree populations has both ecological and restorative importance. We determined tree sizes, basal area densities, and spatial distributions of 5 Populus fremontii Wats. populations within the Rio Grande watershed in New Mexico. At each site 10 randomly spaced plots, perpendicular to the river and extending from the river to the end of the forest, were established. Diameter at breast height (DBH) and distance to the river were determined for 1803 trees within the 5 populations, and stand …

Response Of Wintering Buteos To Plague Epizootics In Prairie Dogs, David B. Seery, Daniel J. Matiatos

Western North American Naturalist

Several species of raptors winter at Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge (Refuge) including the Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo regalis), Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), and Rough-legged Hawk (Buteo lagopus). Raptors were monitored each winter from 1988–89 to 1996–97 using a standardized road survey. Black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) form a major component of the prey base for wintering raptors on the Refuge, with 1850 ha of active prairie dog towns mapped in 1988. Prairie dog town areas and population data were determined by mapping active towns and …

C3 And C4 Species Changes Identified By Δ13C Values Of Soil Organic Matter In A Colorado Prairie, Penelope Sinton, Tim Seastedt, Barry Bennett, Carl Bock, Jane Bock

Western North American Naturalist

We measured carbon isotope signatures (δ¹³C) from 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm soil depth intervals for grassland soils near Boulder, Colorado. These grasslands included tall-, short-, and mixed-grass prairies that were grazed, ungrazed, or hayed. Soils exhibited δ¹³C signatures consistent with observations that current sites are a mix of C₃ and C₄ species, with C₃ plants more abundant in mixed-grass than in native tall- or shortgrass prairies. The δ¹³C signatures were not significantly different for grassland types; however, management treatments (grazing, no grazing, haying) significantly influenced changes in soil δ^{13 …}

Geographic Distribution, Morphological And Molecular Characterization, And Relationships Of Lathrocasis Tenerrima (Polemoniaceae), Leigh A. Johnson, Terri L. Weese

Western North American Naturalist

Lathrocasis is a recently recognized genus of Polemoniaceae that circumscribes the species first named Gilia tenerrima A. Gray. This species, distributed primarily in the Great Basin and Rocky Mountain floristic regions, has previously escaped thorough taxonomic scrutiny. Surveys of herbarium specimens and living material show that some features of this species have been inaccurately characterized in the past, while other characteristics have not been previously considered in assessing its relationships. Lathrocasis possesses a distinct suite of morphological features that, considered as a whole, distinguish this taxon at the generic level. This suite of characters includes the mostly entire, nonmucronate leaves, …