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Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (Issr) Variation In Three Populations Of Gaura Neomexicana Ssp. Coloradensis (Onagraceae), F.E. Warren Air Force Base, Cheyenne, Wyoming, Dorothy E. Tuthill, Gregory K. Brown

Western North American Naturalist

We investigated genetic variation within and between 3 populations of Gaura neomexicana ssp. coloradensis, a federally listed threatened species, using inter-simple sequence repeats. The data matrix included 24 individuals scored for 88 bands, with 3.4% missing data. Cluster analysis showed that members of the 3 populations are very similar and are intermixed in the phenogram. Principal coordinate analysis indicated that members of the Crow Creek population are different from the Diamond Creek and "unnamed drainage" populations. This could be the result of historic differences, current changes in vegetation at the Crow Creek site, or an artifact of limited sampling. …

Effects Of Clearcutting And Wildfire On Shrews (Soricidae: Sorex) In A Utah Coniferous Forest, J. Creed Clayton

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

Horned Lark (Eremophila Alpestris L.) Predation On Alkali Bees, Nomia Melanderi Cockerell, Richard W. Rust

Western North American Naturalist

Horned Larks (Eremophila alpestris L.), sampled during the first 2 weeks of alkali bee (Nomia melanderi Cockerell) emergence at bee nesting sites in 2 alfalfa seed-growing regions in central Nevada, ate significantly more male than female alkali bees. Exploitation rates suggest that individual Horned Larks consume 10 to 200 alkali bees per day and feed an additional 300 to 1000 bees per day to nestlings nestlings.

Burrowing Owl Nest Success And Burrow Longevity In North Central Oregon, Aaron L. Holmes, Gregory A. Green, Russell L. Morgan, Kent B. Livezey

Western North American Naturalist

We studied nest success, burrow longevity, and rates of burrow reuse for a migratory population of Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia) in north central Oregon from 1995 to 1997. Nest success varied annually from 50% to 67%. Principal causes of nest failure were desertion (26%) and depredation by badgers (Taxidea taxus; 13%). Reuse of available nest and satellite burrows in subsequent years was 87% in 1996 and 57% in 1997. Reuse was highest at burrows in sandy soils, which may indicate that nest-site availability is a limiting factor in sandier soil types. Trampling by livestock resulted in …

Finding Order In Nature: The Naturalist Tradition From Linnaeus To E. O. Wilson By P. L. Farber, C. Riley Nelson

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

End Matter, Vol. 63 No. 2

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

Genetically Effective And Adult Population Sizes In The Apache Silverspot Butterfly, Speyeria Nokomis Apacheana (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), Hugh B. Britten, Erica Fleishman, George T. Austin, Dennis D. Murphy

Western North American Naturalist

Genetically effective and adult population sizes of the Apache silverspot butterfly (Speyeria nokomiis apacheana) from the Great Basin of North America were tracked from 1991 to 1997. Speyeria nokomis inhabits mesic habitats in the Great Basin, and its recent declines in abundance have raised concerns about its future persistence. Adult population size estimates determined from mark-recapture methods ranged from 100 to 1900 individuals from 1993 through 1997. Genetically effective population sizes based on temporal changes in allozyme frequencies ranged from less tha 1 individual to 20 individuals between 1991 and 1995. Despite these small annual estimates, it is …

Changes In The Distribution And Status Of Sage-Grouse In Utah, Jeffrey L. Beck, Dean L. Mitchell, Brian D. Maxfield

Western North American Naturalist

Sage-grouse (Centrocercus spp.) were abundant in all of Utah's 29 counties at the time of European settlement wherever sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) occurred. Greater Sage-Grouse (C. urophasianus) inhabited areas north and west of the Colorado River, and Gunnison Sage-Grouse (C. minimus) occupied suitable habitat south and east of the Colorado River. The largest Greater Sage-Grouse populations in Utah are currently restricted to suitable habitats in Box Elder, Garfield, Rich, Uintah, and Wayne Counties. A remnant breeding population of Gunnison Sage-Grouse occurs in eastern San Juan County. We stratified Greater Sage-Grouse populations (1971–2000) by counties where …

Food Habits Of Great Horned Owls In Northeastern California With Notes On Seasonal Diet Shifts, Raymond J. Bogiatto, Brian A. Sardella, Jennifer J. Essex

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

Pinyon-Juniper Woodlands In Zion National Park, Utah, Kimball T. Harper, Stewart C. Sanderson, E. Durant Mcarthur

Western North American Naturalist

Juniperus osteosperma–Pinus monophylla or P. edulis (P-J) woodlands are the most widespread plant community in Zion National Park (ZNP), southwestern Utah. These woodlands dominate nearly half of the park's land area. Our study of this vegetational complex is based on a sample consisting of 115 macroplots (each 0.01 ha in area) objectively distributed across the entire area of ZNP. We recognize 3 subtypes within the P-J complex: Juniperus osteosperma(Utah juniper) alone, juniper with P. monophylla (single-leaf pinyon), and juniper with P. edulis (two-leaf pinyon). The 2 pinyon pines rarely occur together, and thus the foregoing subtypes do not overlap …

Evidence For Survival Of Pleistocene Climatic Changes In Northern Refugia By The Land Snail Trochoidea Geyeri, David Posada, Markus Pfenninger, Frederic Magnin

Faculty Publications

The study of organisms with restricted dispersal abilities and presence in the fossil record is particularly adequate to understand the impact of climate changes on the distribution and genetic structure of species. Trochoidea geyeri (Soos 1926) is a land snail restricted to a patchy, insular distribution in Germany and France. Fossil evidence suggests that current populations of T. geyeri are relicts of a much more widespread distribution during more favourable climatic periods in the Pleistocene. Results: Phylogeographic analysis of the mitochondrial 16S rDNA and nuclear ITS-1 sequence variation was used to infer the history of the remnant populations of T. …

Patrick Vinton Kirch. On The Road Of The Winds: An Archaeological History Of The Pacific Islands Before European Contact, George Von-Der-Muhll

Comparative Civilizations Review

No abstract provided.

Review Of Eternal Values And Personal Growth: A Guide On Your Journey To Spiritual, Emotional, And Social Wellness, By Allen E. Bergin, Eric G. Swedin

Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy

No abstract provided.

Love And Intimacy In Family, Kinship, Friendship, And Community, Allen E. Bergin, Mark H. Butler

BYU Studies

In addition to gospel principles, concepts from secular research can help us move closer to ideal relationships. Drawing on current research from the social sciences that is in harmony with gospel principles, this article, which is taken from a chapter of a new publication entitled Eternal Values and Personal Growth: A Guide on your Journey to Social, Emotional, and Spiritual Wellness, explores ways people can become more Christlike in marriage, in friendships, and across generations.

Hedonism, Suffering, And Redemption: The Challenge Of Christian Psychotherapy, Edwin E. Gantt

BYU Studies

Then saith he unto them, My soul is exceeding sorrowful, even unto death: tarry ye here, and watch with me.

—Matthew 26:38

Why Bad Things Happen At All: A Search For Clarity Among The Problems Of Evil, John Sutton Welch

BYU Studies

In college I lost my faith—not completely and not for long. But that moment impacted my beliefs deeply. I was standing in the back of the theater watching a scene unfold, waiting for my cue to enter. On the stage, my character's parents, farmers during a war depicted in Bertold Brecht's Mother Courage, realize that the army impressing my character into service is about to descend on their farm and then on the nearby village. Alone and defenseless, they beg God to save them. As I watched this pathetic pair plead for rescue, a though occurred to me that …

Physical Activity And Changes In Abdominal Fat Over 18 Months: A Prospective Study Of Middle-Aged Women, Lance Eric Davidson

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: To investigate the extent to which changes in physical activity predict changes in abdominal fat in women over an 18-month period, while statistically controlling the effects of possible confounders, such as age, total body fat percent, and energy intake. Design: A prospective cohort design over 18 months. There was no intervention or treatment. Changes in objectively-measured physical activity were used to predict changes in abdominal fat over the study period. Subjects: 110 healthy, middle-aged women (mean: 41.3±3.3 yrs), primarily Caucasian, educated, and married. Measurements: An objective measure of physical activity (ACT) using CSA accelerometers, worn continuously for 7 consecutive …

End Matter

Inscape

No abstract provided.

What The Universe Means To People Like Me, David D. Allred

Faculty Publications

When I picked up David's paper to read it, I had a pencil in my hand. Years of reading my students' and my own papers made it natural to edit as I read. However, I heard in my mind the voice of my mother advising me to put the pencil down. This wasn't time to edit but to hear and understand. Still, I kept the pencil in my hand for the first few pages and made a few notes before I put it down and just read. I could hear David's voice speaking the words I read. It was good …

Fuel Characteristics Of Processed, High-Fiber Sugarcane, Scott Q. Turn, Charles M. Kinoshita, Lee A. Jakeway, Bryan M. Jenkins, Larry Lin Baxter 8507091, Ben C. Wu, Linda G. Blevins

Faculty Publications

A study of treatment methods to improve the fuel characteristics of sugarcane variety B52298 was conducted. Two parent materials, whole cane (WC) and stripped cane (SC), were included in the study. The whole cane material was subjected to three treatments: (1) no treatment, WC-U; (2) a single milling, WC-M; and (3) an initial milling followed by leaching and a secondary milling, WC-MLM. Treatments (1) through (3) are in order of increasing severity. The stripped cane material was subjected to treatment (3) and designated as SC-MLM. Regardless of parent material, milling produced moisture contents of ∼50% wet basis and fiber bulk …

Satisficing Applied To Simulated Soccer, Jay Packard

Theses and Dissertations

Satisficing was introduced by the economist Herbert Simon to allow for decisions that are "good enough" when there are insufficient computational resources and knowledge to obtain the optimal outcome. Autonomous multi-agent systems often require such decision making because of the complexity and unknown factors present in such an environment. Satisficing has been extended significantly by Wynn Stirling. Through extended satisficing, he has departed from conventional approaches to autonomous multi-agent systems, based as they usually are on the assumption that each participant is motivated exclusively by its own self interest, and will therefore attempt to maximize its benefit, regardless of the …

Onset Of Major Depressive Disorder Among Adolescents, John P. Hoffmann, Scott A. Baldwin, Felicia G. Cerbone

Faculty Publications

Objectives: To examine the association between parental affective disorders and psychoactive substance use disor- ders and the onset of major depressive disorder (MDD) among adolescents and young adults and to determine whether this association is affected by stressful life events, family cohesion, self-esteem, or gender. Method: Prospective cohort study of 804 adolescents, aged 11–17 years, and their parents who were followed for seven consecutive years. The sam- ple was drawn from the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area. Parental diagnoses were based on Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R administered during study screening stage. Diagnoses of MDD and age of onset were based …

Benthic Insect Fauna Of A Clean-Water Stream On Utah's Colorado Plateau, Usa, C. A. Brammer, J. F. Macdonald

Western North American Naturalist

Extensive collecting using a variety of methods was conducted in 1994 and 1995 in association with Pleasant Creek in south central Utah, USA, in an effort to inventory the aquatic insects. Collecting efforts yielded 133 insect taxa from 12 sample sites in 8 study areas from near the headwaters of Pleasant Creek and downstream to where it flows out of Capitol Reef National Park. Applying Protocol III methodology of Plafkin et al. (1989), we determined species assemblages of benthic insects and calculated selected ecological indices based on monthly collections from March through August 1994. Richness, equitability index, and mean diversity …

Nesting Phenology And Productivity Of Birds In The White And Inyo Mountains, California, As Assessed With Nest-Boxes, Linnea S. Hall, Michael L. Morrison

Western North American Naturalist

Nest-boxes were monitored from 1988 to 1992 on 5 grids in the pinyon-juniper (Pinus-Juniperus) woodlands of the White and Inyo Mountains, California, to determine breeding phenology and productivity of cavity-nesting birds, and characteristics of used and non-used nest-boxes. We found a total of 112 nests of 6 species. Bewicks Wrens (Thryomanes bewickii; 64 nests), Mountain Chickadees (Poecile gambeli; 18), Ash-throated Flycatchers (Myiarchus cinerascens; 12), and Juniper Titmice (Baeolophus ridgwayi; 11) were the most common species utilizing the boxes. Nest phenology and numbers of young were similar to values reported elsewhere …

Genetic Structure In Striped Skunks (Mephitis Mephitis) On The Southern High Plains Of Texas, Leslie A. Hansen, Nancy E. Mathews, Richard W. Hansen, Bruce A. Vander Lee, R. Scott Lutz

Western North American Naturalist

Genetic variation within populations reflects population-level social and demographic processes and influences how a population behaves as an evolutionary unit. We examined partitioning of genetic variation in striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) from the Southern High Plains of Texas during 1994–1995. Sixty-nine male and 35 female skunks were sampled on four 12.8-km² study plots. Plot centers ranged from 17.6 to 61.6 km apart. We used multi-locus DNA fingerprinting with 2 probes, pV47 and CTTxAGG, to test 3 hypotheses: (1) females are more genetically similar to other females than males are to other males on the same plot (indicating …

Small Mammals Within Riparian Habitats Of A Regulated And Unregulated Arid Land River, Miles J. Falck, Kenneth R. Wilson, Douglas C. Andersen

Western North American Naturalist

In northwestern Colorado, flow regulation on the Green River has created a transitional plant community that features encroachment by upland vegetation into cottonwood (Populus fremontii)-dominated, riparian forest on topographically high floodplain sites and reduced cottonwood regeneration on low floodplain sites. To assess how these changes might have affected small mammal distributions, in 1994 and 1995 we live-trapped during periods surrounding spring flooding at 3 sites: above and below the confluence of the regulated Green River and at the ecologically similar, but unregulated, Yampa River (reference site). More species were captured at the most regulated site along the Green …

Laboratory Fattening And Dietary-Fat Effects On Meadow Voles (Microtus Pennsylvanicus), Edward T. Unangst Jr., Bruce A. Wunder

Western North American Naturalist

When removed from the field and maintained under laboratory conditions, meadow voles exhibited significant change in body composition. Voles increased body mass due primarily to large gains in lipid mass combined with small losses in fat-free mass. Lipid deposition amounts increased as dietary fat was increased, and animals demonstrated a leveling of body mass instead of continuous unregulated obesity. When dietary fat content was changed, lipid deposition or utilization responded directly. Thus, meadow voles regulate overall body mass and body composition (lipid and fat-free mass) at levels that correspond to dietary quality (fat) and abundance in the laboratory, and they …

Water Temperature At Oviposition Sites Of Rana Luteiventris In Northeastern Oregon, Evelyn L. Bull, Jay F. Shepherd

Western North American Naturalist

Water temperature at which Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) eggs were deposited and developed was determined at 18 oviposition sites in northeastern Oregon in 2000. Mean daily water temperature on the day of initial egg deposition ranged from 7.6 °C to 16.0 °C with a mean of 9.6 °C. Maximum water temperatures on the 1st day of egg deposition ranged from 9.8 °C to 20.2 °C and averaged 15.5 °C. Eggs were not deposited on days when maximum water temperature was below 9.4 °C. Duration of egg deposition ranged from 1 to 20 days at the 18 sites. …

The Breeding System Of An Endangered Pupfish (Cyprinodon Elegans), John K. Leiser, Murray Itzkowitz

Western North American Naturalist

We examined the breeding behavior of the endangered Comanche Springs pupfish (Cyprinodon elegans) during 3 separate breeding seasons in a pool of springwater originating in Phantom Cave, near Balmorhea State Park, Texas, in relation to behaviors reported for the species in swift-flowing canals (Itzkowitz 1969). In the quiet pool, unlike in swift water, the breeding system was characterized by 3 different male mating tactics: territorial defense, satellite positioning, and sneak spawning. Although the breeding strategies adopted by the males were conditional, mating tactics generally reflected male size. Territorial residents were the largest, satellites were medium-sized, and sneakers were …

Effects Of Elk Browsing On Aspen Stand Characteristics, Rampart Range, Colorado, Emil B. Mccain, Jordan I. Zlotoff, James J. Ebersole

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.