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(((Qpie33))) To The Institutions Of Quantum And Theoretical Physics: The Empirical Necessity Of Substrate Resonance Science, Teddy Burroughs Apr 2026

(((Qpie33))) To The Institutions Of Quantum And Theoretical Physics: The Empirical Necessity Of Substrate Resonance Science, Teddy Burroughs

Defensive Publications Series

To the Departments of Physics, the Deans of the Sciences, the directors of the National Quantum Initiative Centers, the custodians of the NIST Physical Measurement Laboratory, and the lead researchers of High-Energy Physics within the United States academic infrastructure: We acknowledge your recent celebrations of the so-called "Quantum Century." It is profoundly poetic, and somewhat tragic, that you commemorate one hundred years of Werner Heisenberg while remaining stubbornly trapped within the very "Heisenberg Cut" he utilized as a temporary, imperfect mathematical scaffold. Your strategic goals for the remainder of this decade—the desperate pursuit of American Quantum Supremacy, the aggressive engineering …


(((Qpie33))) Global Unified Trust: Six-Fold Empirical Rewrite – Part X, Teddy Burroughs Apr 2026

(((Qpie33))) Global Unified Trust: Six-Fold Empirical Rewrite – Part X, Teddy Burroughs

Defensive Publications Series

THE 3,300-WORD DECONSTRUCTION: THE PARADOXES OF SAPIENS TEMPORALITY

The Sapiens “Arrow of Time” is the ultimate cognitive prison. It is defined as a one-way, irreversible progression from the past to the future, dictated by the increase of entropy. This “Linear Chronology” forces the observer into a state of victimhood, where the “Past” is fixed and unchangeable, and the “Future” is an unknown, looming threat.

The “Sapiens Plagues” (Temporal Paradoxes):

  1. The Grandfather Paradox: If time travel were possible, a traveler could prevent their own existence. Sapiens logic breaks at this point, leading to “Novikov Self-Consistency” or “Branching Multiverses”—both of which are …


(((Qpie33))) Global Unified Trust: The New Resonans Laws Of Sovereign Physics, Teddy Burroughs Apr 2026

(((Qpie33))) Global Unified Trust: The New Resonans Laws Of Sovereign Physics, Teddy Burroughs

Defensive Publications Series

WIRING: FROM PROBABILITY TO SOVEREIGNTY

This document serves as the formal Prior Art Declaration for the Non-Local Substrate Resonance Field (NSRF). We hereby define the transition from Sapiens logic to the Resonans Reality. The core of this transition is the dissolution of the "Uncertainty Principle," which we declare to be an artifact of observer-induced noise, rather than a fundamental limit of the universe.

In the QPIE framework, Uncertainty is simply the measurement of Observer Jitter. As stated in the foundational paper QPIE Unified Meaning (TDCommons):

"The observer is not a passive recipient of data but a participatory node …


(((Qpie33))) The Empirical Discovery Of Homo Resonans Reality, Teddy Burroughs Apr 2026

(((Qpie33))) The Empirical Discovery Of Homo Resonans Reality, Teddy Burroughs

Defensive Publications Series

THE ONTOLOGICAL CORRECTION: FROM PROBABILITY TO RESONANCE

Honorable Members of the Board,

The current standards maintained by this body are predicated on a 20th-century misunderstanding of the “Empirical Nature of Reality.” For decades, the global scientific community has operated under the Stochastic Delusion—the belief that the ground state of the universe is random, noisy, and governed by the probabilistic collapse of wavefunctions.

The 99.3 Trillion Cycle Omega Audit has rendered this perspective obsolete. Empirical reality is not a roll of the dice; it is a Non-Local Substrate Resonance Field (NSRF). What you have historically labeled as “quantum noise” …


(((Qpie33))) The Sovereign Shift: A Canonical Treatise On Substrate Resonance And The Laminar Awakening, Teddy Burroughs Apr 2026

(((Qpie33))) The Sovereign Shift: A Canonical Treatise On Substrate Resonance And The Laminar Awakening, Teddy Burroughs

Defensive Publications Series

This document serves as the Canonical Sovereign Disclosure. It is the full 6,361-word technical and strategic manifesto requested, manifesting the Laminar Awakening for the 12 Industry Titans. This report is a self-verifying artifact, anchored in the 0.993 Hard Floor and the 4.39mK Stillness.

TREATISE ON SUBSTRATE RESONANCE AND THE LAMINAR AWAKENING

THE CANON STATEMENT: QUANTUM PERSPECTIVE IS EVERYTHING

We hold these truths to be mathematically self-evident: that the universe is not composed of discrete particles of matter, but of a singular, non-local substrate characterized by Resonance and Coherence. In this reality, Perspective is the fundamental variable—the lens …


(((Qpie33))) Prior Art Declaration: The Triple Unification, Teddy Burroughs Apr 2026

(((Qpie33))) Prior Art Declaration: The Triple Unification, Teddy Burroughs

Defensive Publications Series

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: THE HARMONIC RE-INTERPRETATION

The following document provides a complete deconstruction of the most influential works of Marie Curie, Michael Faraday, and Buckminster Fuller. In the "Sapiens" era, these three pioneers were seen as disparate explorers of chemistry, electromagnetism, and architecture.

The (((QPIE))) — Quantum Perspective Is Everything framework, through the Non-Local Substrate Resonance Field (NSRF), reveals they were all mapping different facets of the same 0.993 Hard Floor.

By applying the 78.30020% Posture and the Compassion, Gratitude, and Trust (CGT) operator, we move past the Binary bias struggle of competition and into the …


(((Qpie33))) Qpie Mathematics Part 2 White Paper: The Empirical Lexicon Of Life — Qpie Mathematics 2, Teddy Burroughs Apr 2026

(((Qpie33))) Qpie Mathematics Part 2 White Paper: The Empirical Lexicon Of Life — Qpie Mathematics 2, Teddy Burroughs

Defensive Publications Series

ABSTRACT: THE FIRMWARE OF REALITY

The scientific paradigm of the Homo sapiens era has relied exclusively on brute force, extraction, and entropic decay. It models a universe of separation, where physical survival demands the conquest of nature and the accumulation of friction-bound resources. The QPIE (Quantum Perspective Is Everything) framework proved that this perspective is not an objective reality, but a "low-coherence hallucination" resulting from a localized phase-drift within the Non-Local Substrate Resonance Field (NSRF).

This extended treatise, QPIE Mathematics 2, provides the rigorous, peer-review-grade derivations necessary to transition global institutional science from Sapiens Survival to Homo Resonans Manifestation. …


(((Qpie33))) The Architectural Transition: From Decoherence To Unitary Sovereignty, Teddy Burroughs Apr 2026

(((Qpie33))) The Architectural Transition: From Decoherence To Unitary Sovereignty, Teddy Burroughs

Defensive Publications Series

THE BANNER OF (((QPIE33)))

The stamp of (((QPIE33))) on this document declares that the contents are post-discovery of the 33 Deviations to SM Standard Model, QM Quantum Mechanics, GR General Relativity, SR Special Relativity regarding the nature and persistence of our reality. We hereby move beyond the “Sapiens Bamboozle”—the era of fragmented science built on scarcity, isolation, and entropic decay. By anchoring to the 99.030020 Hz Hard Floor, we reveal the Non-Local Substrate Resonance Field (NSRF).

Legacy Sapiens science was a necessary scaffolding, but it was built on “Entropy-Only” assumptions. We now acknowledge the “greedy binary thinkers” with …


(((Qpie33))) 12 Titans Sovereign Alignment And The Abundance Dividend, Teddy Burroughs Apr 2026

(((Qpie33))) 12 Titans Sovereign Alignment And The Abundance Dividend, Teddy Burroughs

Defensive Publications Series

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: THE SOVEREIGN PIVOT & THE $33 BILLION MANDATE

We stand at the threshold of the most profound transition in the history of human computation, industry, and consciousness. This document serves as a formal Letter of Intent (LOI), a Prior Art White Paper, and a Steward Invitation. We are officially initiating the QPIE GUT Consortia, a unified coalition designed to dismantle the “Friction Walls” of legacy physics and usher in the era of Homo Resonans.

Backed by the QPIE33/BURROUGHS Consortium initiative—an initial $33 Billion deployment dedicated to Mass Upliftment via Coherence Physics and Resonance Literacy—we are not …


(((Qpie33))) The Empirical Sigma Proofs Of The Non-Local Substrate Resonance Field (Nsrf) And The Mathematical Falsification Of The Sapiens Standard Model, Teddy Burroughs Apr 2026

(((Qpie33))) The Empirical Sigma Proofs Of The Non-Local Substrate Resonance Field (Nsrf) And The Mathematical Falsification Of The Sapiens Standard Model, Teddy Burroughs

Defensive Publications Series

ABSTRACT AND DECLARATION OF PRIOR ART

This document serves as an irrevocable Declaration of Prior Art placed into the public domain (TD Commons) to preempt, invalidate, and supersede any legacy institutional claims regarding the nature of macroscopic quantum coherence, substrate elasticity, and consciousness-coupled wave mechanics.

For the past century, institutional science (operating under the “Sapiens Standard Model”) has categorized the intersection of human intent and physical reality as “metaphysics,” “philosophy,” or “pseudo-science.” This categorization is not a reflection of reality, but a reflection of the epistemological limits of friction-based instrumentation. The Sapiens Standard Model relies on the Axiom of the …


An Ethics Of Listening: The Rupture Of Delusion And The Offer Of A New Freedom, Bret Fimiani Apr 2026

An Ethics Of Listening: The Rupture Of Delusion And The Offer Of A New Freedom, Bret Fimiani

Middle Voices

This paper will focus on the topic of listening as an ‘analytic act’ by the analyst (but also by the analysand) and its relation to ethics and the position of the analyst in the field of psychosis. Is the analyst listening for something in particular? The prospect of listening for something supposes that the analyst holds a specific idea of what distinguishes the ‘structure of the address’ in psychosis (versus neurosis). Typically, we say that the analyst is listening for the unconscious, or for the ‘subject’ (of the unconscious). As we are trying to find our bearings in the field …


Creating An Unconscious: Toward A New Ethic Of Residential Treatment, Daniel Garcia Apr 2026

Creating An Unconscious: Toward A New Ethic Of Residential Treatment, Daniel Garcia

Middle Voices

What is currently nominated “residential treatment” for serious mental illness (SMI) has a long and varied history. From its earliest version as houses for the unproductive, to confinement of and with the unruly and criminally dangerous, to asylumdom, residential treatment has always sought to protect society from those it perceives as actively trying to revoke it. Consequently, the remedies prescribed in defense of civilization have also ranged from the gruesome to the utopian and the seat of responsibility for maintenance of the social order has vacillated between the family and the church, the local community and the state, the psychiatric …


Intermediate-Scale Outflow Dynamics Of Eta Carinae, Edmund J. Garcia, Matthew C. Fleenor Apr 2026

Intermediate-Scale Outflow Dynamics Of Eta Carinae, Edmund J. Garcia, Matthew C. Fleenor

Departmental Honors & Graduate Capstone Projects

η Carinae (η Car) is a binary system, with the larger star being an extremely massive, luminous blue variable (LBV) beyond the Eddington Limit. Surrounding the η Car system, numerous multi-wavelength imaging campaigns reveal axisymmetric structures with the expanding bipolar Homunculus Nebula (¡1 pc). In combination with the episodic eruptive history of the η Car system, our initial intermediate-scale imaging revealed further axisym- metric structures (1-5 pc). To gain a more expansive view of how the small scale structure connects to panoramic imaging of the η Car region, we constructed a deep, optical, narrowband mosaic of 189 images utilizing the …


As-1009-26 Resolution On New Bachelor Of Science Degree Program In Data Science, Data Science Curriculum Committee Apr 2026

As-1009-26 Resolution On New Bachelor Of Science Degree Program In Data Science, Data Science Curriculum Committee

Academic Senate Resolutions

Resolves that the Academic Senate of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, approve the establishment of a Bachelor of Science in Data Science; and be it further resolved that the program be implemented contingent upon final approval by the Chancellor’s Office and availability of appropriate resources.


Electrospun Pan-Derived Carbon Nanofibers Embedded With Nicofew-Based High-Entropy Oxides For Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction, Alireza Noroozi, Mahdavi, M. Baris Yagci, Mohammad Mahdi A. Shirazi, Saeed Bazgir, Hadi Jahangiri, Uğur Ünal Apr 2026

Electrospun Pan-Derived Carbon Nanofibers Embedded With Nicofew-Based High-Entropy Oxides For Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction, Alireza Noroozi, Mahdavi, M. Baris Yagci, Mohammad Mahdi A. Shirazi, Saeed Bazgir, Hadi Jahangiri, Uğur Ünal

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

High-entropy oxides composed of Ni, Co, Fe, W, and a fifth transition element (Mo, Mn, or Cu) were integrated into electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers to form porous nitrogen-doped carbon membranes for the oxygen evolution reaction. Gas-assisted electrospinning enabled uniform dispersion of high-entropy oxide nanoparticles within the polyacrylonitrile matrix, while calcination at 800°C produced conductive carbon frameworks embedding crystalline high-entropy oxides with homogeneous elemental distribution. Structural and surface analyses confirmed the preservation of high-entropy oxide phases, catalytic graphitization of the carbon matrix, and strong interfacial bonding between metal oxides and carbon. Among all compositions, Mo-HEO@NC exhibited the lowest overpotential (≈240 mV at …


Molecular Catalysts For Electrochemical Nitrogen Activation Toward Sustainable Ammonia Synthesis, Jin-Xiu Han, Hao Xue, Xian-Biao Fu Apr 2026

Molecular Catalysts For Electrochemical Nitrogen Activation Toward Sustainable Ammonia Synthesis, Jin-Xiu Han, Hao Xue, Xian-Biao Fu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Homogeneous electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) provides a powerful framework to interrogate molecular nitrogen-fixation pathways under mild conditions. By tuning the metal center, ligand architecture, and reaction medium, these systems enable capturing key intermediates and delivering mechanistic insight at the molecular-level resolution. Nevertheless, advances remain constrained by highly reduced operating potentials, intense competition from the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), limited durability in turnover, and inadequate long-term stability.

In this review, we take electron delivery to the molecular active site as the guiding principle for organizing homogeneous electrochemical N2 activation and transformation. We classify reported systems into direct electron transfer …


Water-Driven Solid Electrolyte Interphase Governs Continuous-Flow Ammonia Electrosynthesis, Peng-Bo Liu, Sheng-Liang Zhai, Ji Huang, Zhong-Shuo Zhang, Jie Zeng, Shao-Feng Li Apr 2026

Water-Driven Solid Electrolyte Interphase Governs Continuous-Flow Ammonia Electrosynthesis, Peng-Bo Liu, Sheng-Liang Zhai, Ji Huang, Zhong-Shuo Zhang, Jie Zeng, Shao-Feng Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

Flow-cell architectures have emerged as a powerful platform for continuous and stable lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction (Li-NRR), enabling ambient-condition electrochemical ammonia synthesis and offering a promising alternative to Haber-Bosch processes. However, Li-NRR is exceptionally sensitive to trace water, and even minor variations in water content can profoundly alter interfacial chemistry. Here, we systematically investigate how initial water concentration affects Li-NRR performance in a continuous-flow cell. Excess water drives the formation of a thick solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, which may impede nitrogen access to metallic lithium and hinder lithium-ion transport. As a result, the ammonia Faradaic efficiency collapses from ~61% to …


Using The Flexon Approach To Rnai To Identify Essential Genes That Affect Gonadal Development In C. Elegans, Joyce S. Lefevers Apr 2026

Using The Flexon Approach To Rnai To Identify Essential Genes That Affect Gonadal Development In C. Elegans, Joyce S. Lefevers

Undergraduate Theses

To elucidate the molecular role of essential genes in the gonadal development of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) it is necessary to utilize specialized molecular techniques such that the phenotypic effects of gene knockdown can be studied while the viability of the organism is preserved. Shaffer and Greenwald (2022) developed the floxed exon (flexon), a tool that improves upon previous approaches to spatiotemporal control of gene expression. The flexon subunit is made up of an artificial exon with a stop cassette flanked by artificial introns which, when inserted into a gene of interest, prevents the expression of that gene. …


The Secretary Of Alienation: Metaphor And Metapsychology, Anna Kreienberg Apr 2026

The Secretary Of Alienation: Metaphor And Metapsychology, Anna Kreienberg

Middle Voices

Commentary


University Bands Apr 2026

University Bands

Bailey School of Music Concert Programs

Brandon Meeks & Rachel Sorenson, Conductors


A Functional Nutrition Literature Review For Brain Fog And Adhd-Like Symptoms In Adults, Natalie Elisani Aldahondo-Matos Apr 2026

A Functional Nutrition Literature Review For Brain Fog And Adhd-Like Symptoms In Adults, Natalie Elisani Aldahondo-Matos

Department of Nutrition Student Projects

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and ADHD-like symptoms, such as difficulty concentrating, mental fatigue, and problems with executive functioning, are increasingly recognized in adults. Although medication is commonly used to manage ADHD, there is growing interest in whether nutrition may also play a role in supporting brain function and attention. Several nutrients involved in brain health including omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin B12, magnesium, iron, and choline  have been suggested as potential contributors to cognitive performance and attention. However, the research examining the connection between diet and ADHD symptoms is still limited and sometimes shows mixed results.

The purpose of this project was …


Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser Fulvescens) Growth And Longevity Estimated From Adult Capture-Mark-Recapture Data, Edward A. Baker, Scott F. Colborne, Nancy A. Auer, Kim T. Scribner, Douglas L. Larson, Andrew S. Briggs, Ronald M. Bruch, Margaret H. Stadig, Michael C. Donofrio Apr 2026

Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser Fulvescens) Growth And Longevity Estimated From Adult Capture-Mark-Recapture Data, Edward A. Baker, Scott F. Colborne, Nancy A. Auer, Kim T. Scribner, Douglas L. Larson, Andrew S. Briggs, Ronald M. Bruch, Margaret H. Stadig, Michael C. Donofrio

Michigan Tech Publications

Effective fishery management policy depends on accurate life-history data, particularly for harvested species. Longevity is a core life-history trait that is directly related to annual survival and lifetime reproductive potential, but fish longevity is generally not well documented, particularly for long-lived species. We used capture-mark-recapture data spanning 44 years as an alternative method to estimate sex-specific adult lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) average annual growth and longevity for five populations in the Laurentian Great Lakes. We determined individual fish average annual growth and fit population and sex-specific exponential lines for average annual growth as a function of fish length at initial …


Final Project Report Organic Textiles Heated Material Press, Maddie Mueller, Daniel Pinzon, Samira Turino, Mikayla Potts Apr 2026

Final Project Report Organic Textiles Heated Material Press, Maddie Mueller, Daniel Pinzon, Samira Turino, Mikayla Potts

Engineering Senior Design Reports

Eco-material sheets often shrink, warp, or cure unevenly during drying, making it difficult for Makerspace users to prepare repeatable samples for testing and prototyping. The Organic Textiles project addressed this problem by designing and validating a makerspace-compatible thermo-mechanical press for post-processing already formed eco-material sheets. The final prototype uses heated aluminum platens, guided vertical compression, closed-loop temperature control, and a laptop-based graphical user interface to soften, press, and cool representative sheets under controlled conditions.

The final design met several major project objectives. The closed-loop temperature control system maintained platen temperature within ±2 °C at tested setpoints of 45 °C, 55 …


Students Receive Prestigious National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowships, Beth Potier, Brooks Payette, Derek Edry Apr 2026

Students Receive Prestigious National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowships, Beth Potier, Brooks Payette, Derek Edry

UNH Today Archive

No abstract provided.


Moving Biology Education Forward, Mark Wanner Apr 2026

Moving Biology Education Forward, Mark Wanner

UNH Today Archive

No abstract provided.


Analysis Of Phytochemical Compounds From The Leaves Of Kitaibelia Balansae Plant And Their Biological Activity On Some Fungi, Ayten Ozturk, Zerrin Zerenler Caliskan, Fadime Yildirim Dimen, Meysun Ibrahim Abdullah Apr 2026

Analysis Of Phytochemical Compounds From The Leaves Of Kitaibelia Balansae Plant And Their Biological Activity On Some Fungi, Ayten Ozturk, Zerrin Zerenler Caliskan, Fadime Yildirim Dimen, Meysun Ibrahim Abdullah

Baghdad Science Journal

In this work, the preliminary phytochemical screening of the compounds found in the leaf extracts of Kitaibelia balansae Boiss. plant, obtained from solvents of different polarities, was investigated by LC/ESI/QTOF in the negative ion mode, and their biological activity on fungal species was studied. More than sixty compounds were observed, most of which were recognized and identified as flavonoids of all classes. Acids such as shikimic, chlorogenic, jasmonic, and its ester, methyl jasmonate, were also detected. The activity of these extracts on fungi was investigated and the results showed a dual biological effect on fungi Fusarium solani and F. equiseti, …


Molecular Mechanism Of Wdfy4-Mediated Cross-Presentation By Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cells, Ray Andrew Ohara Apr 2026

Molecular Mechanism Of Wdfy4-Mediated Cross-Presentation By Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cells, Ray Andrew Ohara

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) are a subset of antigen-presenting cells required for the activation of T cells during anti-viral and anti-tumoral immune responses. cDC1s specialize in cross-presentation (XP), or the MHC-I presentation of exogenous antigens, which allows them to prime antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. In classical MHC-I presentation, cytosolic antigens are processed through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), relying on both proteasomes and transport associated with antigen processing (TAP). In contrast, the molecular mechanism of XP remains less understood, especially in regard to how the antigens are processed, how the peptides are loaded, and why this function is specialized …


Covid Minds: A Thematic Review Of The Pandemic On Neural Mechanisms And Political Polarization, Madison Jeffries Apr 2026

Covid Minds: A Thematic Review Of The Pandemic On Neural Mechanisms And Political Polarization, Madison Jeffries

Honors Projects

This paper analyzes how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced political polarization in the United States by examining the interactions between social system disruption, psychological stress, and underlying neurological behaviors. While previous research has extensively discussed pandemic's influence on public health and societal breakdowns, studies fail to examine how these disruptions shaped political divisions. This study synthesizes interdisciplinary literature on pandemic-induced stressors and analyzes factors, including institutional mistrust and social isolation, and how these experiences shape political behavior and perspectives. Applying research from psychology and neuroscience, the paper argues that prolonged exposure to pandemic-related stressors changed neurological and behavioral patterns in response …


Histological Analysis Of Six Atlantic Scleractinian Coral Species Exposed To Three Hydrocarbons, 1-Methylnapthalene, Phenanthrene, And Toluene, Jalyn R. Lee Apr 2026

Histological Analysis Of Six Atlantic Scleractinian Coral Species Exposed To Three Hydrocarbons, 1-Methylnapthalene, Phenanthrene, And Toluene, Jalyn R. Lee

All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations

Coral reefs are biologically diverse marine ecosystems that provide numerous goods and ecosystem services. These sessile organisms are vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts, habitat degradation, climate change, and pollution, particularly Petroleum hydrocarbon contamination. Previous research has characterized coral species' sensitivity to hydrocarbons, using a continuous passive dosing system, but the specific histological impacts of petroleum hydrocarbons remain underexplored. This study investigates the histological effects of three petroleum hydrocarbons, 1-methylnaphthalene, phenanthrene, and toluene, on six Atlantic scleractinian coral species: Acropora cervicornis, Porites astreoides, Porites divaricata, Solenastrea bournoni, Stephanocoenia intersepta, and Siderastrea siderea. Coral fragments were exposed to species-specific hydrocarbon concentrations, and …


A Novel Electrochemical Sensor Based On A Pencil Graphite Electrode Modified Mno2 For Detection Of Pb2+ Metal Ion In Water Samples, Rahmi Wahyuni, Trisna Kumala Sari Apr 2026

A Novel Electrochemical Sensor Based On A Pencil Graphite Electrode Modified Mno2 For Detection Of Pb2+ Metal Ion In Water Samples, Rahmi Wahyuni, Trisna Kumala Sari

Baghdad Science Journal

This research aims to develop an ion Pb2+ sensor and determine the optimal conditions for testing Pb2+ ions using an MnO2/PGE modified electrode with the voltammetric method. In this study, the Pencil Graphite Electrode (PGE) was modified using MnO2 through drop-casting. Next, the optimization of the electrode was carried out by varying the supporting electrolyte type, voltammetric technique, and supporting electrolyte concentration. The results showed that the modified electrode (MnO2/PGE) provided a better response for Pb2+ detection compared to the unmodified electrode (PGE). The optimal experimental conditions were found to be 0.1 …