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Stable Polymer Micelle Systems As Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery Carriers, Yi Zeng Jun 2005

Stable Polymer Micelle Systems As Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery Carriers, Yi Zeng

Theses and Dissertations

Several temporarily stable polymer micelle systems that might be used as ultrasonic-activated drug delivery carriers were synthesized and investigated. These polymeric micelle systems were Plurogel®, Tetronic®, poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-lactaten). In previous work in our lab, Pruitt et al. developed a stabilized drug carrier named Plurogel® [5, 6]. Unfortunately, the rate of the successful Plurogel® synthesis was only about 30% by simply following Pruitt's process. In this work, this rate was improved to 60% by combining the process of adding 0.15 M NaCl and/or 10 µl/ml n-butanol and by preheating the solution before polymerization. Tetronics® were proved not …

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Religion And Bio-Psycho-Social Health: A Review And Conceptual Model, Loren Marks Jun 2005

Religion And Bio-Psycho-Social Health: A Review And Conceptual Model, Loren Marks

Faculty Publications

This paper presents a research-based conceptual model respectively linking three dimensions of religious experience (religious practices, spiritual beliefs, and faith community) with three dimensions of health (biological, psychological, and social). The model is used as a framework to highlight findings in the religion-health knowledge base and to provide a broad survey of this domain of inquiry. Considerations for future research on religion and health are addressed.

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The Role Of Religion In The Transition To Adulthood For Young Emerging Adults, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry, Larry J. Nelson Jun 2005

The Role Of Religion In The Transition To Adulthood For Young Emerging Adults, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry, Larry J. Nelson

Faculty Publications

Recent research has highlighted the role of culture in emerging adulthood (age between 18 and 25 years). However, most studies have examined majority cultures (e.g., China) as well as subcultures (e.g., American ethnic minorities). Thus, work on other aspects of culture such as religion is needed given the emerging evidence that it may have an impact on development. This study explored the role of religious culture in the emerging adulthood of college students. Participants were 445 undergraduates (ages 18–20 years) from institutions that were Catholic (31 males, 89 females), Mormon (48 males, 200 females), and public (21 males, 56 females). …

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Female Breast Cancer Incidence And Survival In Utah According To Religious Preference, 1985-1999, Ray M. Merrill, Jeffrey A. Folsom May 2005

Female Breast Cancer Incidence And Survival In Utah According To Religious Preference, 1985-1999, Ray M. Merrill, Jeffrey A. Folsom

Faculty Publications

Female breast cancer incidence rates in Utah are among the lowest in the U.S. The influence of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saint (LDS or Mormon) religion on these rates, as well as on disease-specific survival, will be explored for individuals diagnosed with breast cancer in Utah from 1985 through 1999. Methods: Population-based records for incident female breast cancer patients were linked with membership records from the LDS Church to determine religious affiliation and, for LDS Church members, level of religiosity. Incidence rates were age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population using the direct method. Cox proportional hazards …

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Influence Of Grassland Type, Nest Type, And Shrub Encroachment On Predation Of Artificial Nests In Chihuahuan Desert Grasslands, Lisa C. Mason, Martha J. Desmond, M. Sofia Agudelo Apr 2005

Influence Of Grassland Type, Nest Type, And Shrub Encroachment On Predation Of Artificial Nests In Chihuahuan Desert Grasslands, Lisa C. Mason, Martha J. Desmond, M. Sofia Agudelo

Western North American Naturalist

Nest predation on artificial nests was examined in relation to nest type, grassland type, and shrub encroachment in Chihuahuan Desert grasslands in southern New Mexico. Open-cup ground, open-cup shrub, and spherical shrub nests (n = 210), mimicking Eastern Meadowlarks (Sturnella magna), Black-throated Sparrows (Amphispiza bilineata), and Cactus Wrens (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus), were placed in 10 grasslands of tobosa (Pleuraphis mutica) and black grama (Bouteloua eripoda) with low and heavy levels of mesquite encroachment. Nest predation varied among nest types, grassland types, and shrub encroachment, with highest levels of predation occurring …

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Notes On The Biogeography And Dorsal Coloration Of Cicindela Amargosae Dahl (Coleoptera: Carabidae), Michael G. Kippenhan Apr 2005

Notes On The Biogeography And Dorsal Coloration Of Cicindela Amargosae Dahl (Coleoptera: Carabidae), Michael G. Kippenhan

Western North American Naturalist

The widely distributed and fragmented populations of the tiger beetle Cicindela amargosae are documented for dorsal coloration, elytral maculation, habitat, and adult escape behavior. Currently, there are 2 recognized subspecies, C. a. amargosae and C. a nyensis. The analysis of populations indicated that the variation in dorsal coloration did not coincide with the accepted subspecific criteria for this species, thus illustrating the difficulty in applying a subspecific category unequivocally to tiger beetles.

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Distribution Of Brechmorhoga Clubskimmers (Odonata: Libellulidae) In The Grand Canyon Region, Southwestern Usa, Lawrence E. Stevens, Richard A. Bailowitz Apr 2005

Distribution Of Brechmorhoga Clubskimmers (Odonata: Libellulidae) In The Grand Canyon Region, Southwestern Usa, Lawrence E. Stevens, Richard A. Bailowitz

Western North American Naturalist

We examined the distribution of Brechmorhoga mendax and B. pertinax (Libellulidae) in northern Arizona and southern Nevada. Brechmorhoga mendax occurs widely throughout the Southwest and in Arizona up to the Mogollon Rim, and up the Colorado River from the west to at least River Mile 132 (downstream from Lees Ferry, Arizona) at elevations of 110–1460 m. In Grand Canyon it occurs along small to large tributaries and on the mainstream at elevations below 650 m. The only previously reported locality for B. pertinax in the United States is in southeastern Arizona, where it was presumed to be accidental. We report …

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Range Extension And Ecological Information For Orconectes Virilis (Hagen 1870) (Decapoda: Cambaridae) In Idaho, Usa, William H. Clark, Gary T. Lester Apr 2005

Range Extension And Ecological Information For Orconectes Virilis (Hagen 1870) (Decapoda: Cambaridae) In Idaho, Usa, William H. Clark, Gary T. Lester

Western North American Naturalist

We report the 1st record of the crayfish Orconectes virilis (Hagen 1870) from Idaho and the Pacific Northwest, USA. We also provide an updated checklist of recent Idaho crayfishes, which now includes 2 families (Astacidae and Cambaridae), 3 genera (Pacifasticus, Orconectes, and Procambarus), and 7 species and subspecies (Pacifasticus connectus (Faxon 1914), P. gambelii (Girard 1852), P. leniusculus leniusculus (Dana 1852), P. leniusculus klamathensis (Stimpson 1857), P. leniusculus trowbridgii (Stimpson 1857), O. virilis, and Procambarus clarkii (Girard 1852). Native crayfish were not found at the O. virilis collection sites. The localities where O. virilis was …

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Nonresponse Of Native Cottonwood Trees To Water Additions During Summer Drought, Greg Cox, Dylan Fischer, Stephen C. Hart, T. G. Whitham Apr 2005

Nonresponse Of Native Cottonwood Trees To Water Additions During Summer Drought, Greg Cox, Dylan Fischer, Stephen C. Hart, T. G. Whitham

Western North American Naturalist

Studies have demonstrated that some riparian trees may switch their reliance on surface soil water (unsaturated or vadose zone) to groundwater (saturated zone) sources during the growing season in association with changes in moisture availability. A closely related question is: How do these trees respond to pulse increases in water availability in previously dry zones? We tested the whole-tree physiological response of 6 natural Populus genotypes to water additions during the peak of summer drought in northern Utah, USA. We found clear evidence that trees were insensitive to water additions to the surface soil that were twice the magnitude of …

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Land Snail Diversity In Wind Cave National Park, South Dakota, Tamara K. Anderson Apr 2005

Land Snail Diversity In Wind Cave National Park, South Dakota, Tamara K. Anderson

Western North American Naturalist

Eighty-two soil samples and additional hand-collection in Wind Cave National Park yielded over 2000 terrestrial gastropod specimens. The specimens represent 26 different species, including a South Dakota species of concern, Vertigo arthuri. New South Dakota state records for Gastrocopta pellucida and Vertigo tridentata were recorded. Samples from grassland habitats were less likely to contain snails and had lower species richness than samples from either forest or shrubland habitats. Canyons, creek beds, bases of limestone cliffs, and shrublands are important habitats for snails in the park.

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Reproductive Characteristics Of Two Syntopic Lizard Species, Sceloporus Gadoviae And Sceloporus Jalapae (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae), From Tehuacán Valley, Puebla, México, Aurelio Ramírez-Bautista, América L. Ortíz-Cruz, Ma. Del Coro Arizmendi, Jorge Campos Apr 2005

Reproductive Characteristics Of Two Syntopic Lizard Species, Sceloporus Gadoviae And Sceloporus Jalapae (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae), From Tehuacán Valley, Puebla, México, Aurelio Ramírez-Bautista, América L. Ortíz-Cruz, Ma. Del Coro Arizmendi, Jorge Campos

Western North American Naturalist

We studied the reproductive characteristics of 2 syntopic lizard species, Sceloporus gadoviae and Sceloporus jalapae (Phrynosomatidae). Specimens of S. gadoviae (N = 105) and S. jalapae (N = 41) were collected in a tropical arid forest from Tehuacán Valley, Puebla, México. Males of S. gadoviae reached sexual maturity at the same snoutvent length (SVL; 45.0 mm) as S. jalapae, and a similar pattern occurred in females of both species (SVL; 41.0 and 42.0 mm, respectively). Males of S. gadoviae exhibited reproductive activity throughout the year, with a longer activity during the dry (November to May) and part …

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Fleas Associated With The Northern Pocket Gopher (Thomomys Talpoides) In Elbert County, Colorado, Helen K. Pigage, Jon C. Pigage, James F. Tillman Apr 2005

Fleas Associated With The Northern Pocket Gopher (Thomomys Talpoides) In Elbert County, Colorado, Helen K. Pigage, Jon C. Pigage, James F. Tillman

Western North American Naturalist

We collected 532 fleas, 526 of which were Foxella ignota ignota, from 247 northern pocket gophers, Thomomys talpoides, in Elbert County, Colorado, over 13 months. Other fleas included 1 Hystrichopsylla dippiei ssp., 3 Spicata rara, 1 Oropsylla idahoensis, and 1 female flea tentatively identified as Oropsylla (Opisocrostis) sp. These are new records for H. dippiei ssp. and S. rara in Elbert County. Fleas were cleared using standard methods and were placed on microscope slides in Canada balsam. The number of fleas per host ranged from 0 to 26. The highest median number of fleas per …

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Distribution, Foraging Behavior, And Capture Results Of The Spotted Bat (Euderma Maculatum) In Central Oregon, Thomas J. Rodhouse, Maureen F. Mccaffrey, R. Gerald Wright Apr 2005

Distribution, Foraging Behavior, And Capture Results Of The Spotted Bat (Euderma Maculatum) In Central Oregon, Thomas J. Rodhouse, Maureen F. Mccaffrey, R. Gerald Wright

Western North American Naturalist

The spotted bat (Euderma maculatum) has been virtually unknown in Oregon despite the existence of potential habitat in many areas of the state. In 2002 and 2003 we searched for spotted bats along the John Day, Deschutes, and Crooked Rivers and at a remote dry canyon southeast of the city of Bend in central Oregon. The species was documented through the use of mist-nets, a bat detector, and recognition of audible spotted bat calls. Spotted bats were found at 11 locations in 6 Oregon counties. Nightly activity patterns of spotted bats were unpredictable. Spotted bats were found in …

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Habitat And Nesting Biology Of Mountain Plovers In Wyoming, Regan E. Plumb, Stanley H. Anderson, Fritz L. Knopf Apr 2005

Habitat And Nesting Biology Of Mountain Plovers In Wyoming, Regan E. Plumb, Stanley H. Anderson, Fritz L. Knopf

Western North American Naturalist

Although previous research has considered habitat associations and breeding biology of Mountain Plovers in Wyoming at discrete sites, no study has considered these attributes at a statewide scale. We located 55 Mountain Plover nests in 6 counties across Wyoming during 2002 and 2003. Nests occurred in 2 general habitat types: grassland and desert-shrub. Mean estimated hatch date was 26 June (n = 31) in 2002 and 21 June (n = 24) in 2003. Mean hatch date was not related to latitude or elevation. Hatch success of nests was inferred in 2003 by the presence of eggshell fragments in …

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Nutrient Relationships Between Orobanche Fasciculata Nutt. And Its Host Artemisia Pygmaea Gray In The Uinta Basin Of Utah, Usa, Jack D. Brotherson, Brenda T. Simmons, Terry Ball, W. Ralph Anderson Apr 2005

Nutrient Relationships Between Orobanche Fasciculata Nutt. And Its Host Artemisia Pygmaea Gray In The Uinta Basin Of Utah, Usa, Jack D. Brotherson, Brenda T. Simmons, Terry Ball, W. Ralph Anderson

Western North American Naturalist

Patterns of mineral nutrient uptake and distribution within the roots, stems, and leaves of Artemisia pygmaea and in the vascular parasite Orobanche fasciculata were investigated. All nutrients studied were magnified over concentrations found in the soil into the host and parasite. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc were magnified along the flow gradient of soil-roots-stems-leaves of the host. All others increased in the roots and then decreased in the stems and leaves. Orobanche fasciculata concentrated phosphorus, potassium, and sodium over soil and root concentrations while excluding to some degree all others.

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Pilfering Of Stored Seeds And The Relative Costs Of Scatter-Hoarding Versus Larder-Hoarding In Yellow Pine Chipmunks, Stephen B. Vander Wall, Elaine C. H. Hager, Kellie M. Kuhn Apr 2005

Pilfering Of Stored Seeds And The Relative Costs Of Scatter-Hoarding Versus Larder-Hoarding In Yellow Pine Chipmunks, Stephen B. Vander Wall, Elaine C. H. Hager, Kellie M. Kuhn

Western North American Naturalist

Yellow pine chipmunks (Tamias amoenus) scatter-hoard food during summer and autumn but must form a larder as a winter food source before winter begins. Yellow pine chipmunks do not larder-hoard large quantities of food during the summer, apparently because a summer larder could not be defended from pilferers. We tested the assumption that the rate of pilferage from an unguarded larder would be significantly greater than the rate of pilferage from surface caches (which are also unguarded by yellow pine chipmunks) during the summer and autumn. Buried plastic buckets were used as artificial nests containing larders of 1000 …

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Distribution Of The Milliped Virgoiulus Minutus (Brandt, 1841): First Records From Mississippi, Oklahoma, And Texas (Julida: Blaniulidae), Chris T. Mcallister, Rowland M. Shelley, Henrik Enghoff, Zachary D. Ramsey Apr 2005

Distribution Of The Milliped Virgoiulus Minutus (Brandt, 1841): First Records From Mississippi, Oklahoma, And Texas (Julida: Blaniulidae), Chris T. Mcallister, Rowland M. Shelley, Henrik Enghoff, Zachary D. Ramsey

Western North American Naturalist

Virgoiulus minutus (Brandt 1841) (Julida: Blaniulidae), the only indigenous representative of the family in the New World, occurs, or can be expected, in parts or all of 24 states east of the Central Plains plus the District of Columbia; it is documented for the 1st time from Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Texas. The northern-, southern-, and westernmost localities are in Berrien County, Michigan; Putnam County, Florida; and Angelina/Rusk Counties, Texas, respectively. New England, Utah, Wyoming, Canada, and Mexico are deleted from the range, and specific localities are reported to augment previous generalized citations; those from Mexico represent misidentifications of Nopoiulus kochii …

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Defense Of Pronghorn Fawns By Adult Male Pronghorn Against Coyotes, Kim Murray Berger Apr 2005

Defense Of Pronghorn Fawns By Adult Male Pronghorn Against Coyotes, Kim Murray Berger

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Refugia From Browsing As Reference Sites For Restoration Planning, William J. Ripple, Robert L. Beschta Apr 2005

Refugia From Browsing As Reference Sites For Restoration Planning, William J. Ripple, Robert L. Beschta

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Impact Of A Catastrophic Flooding Event On Riparian Birds, Natalie J. S. Turley, Anthonie M. A. Holthuijzen Apr 2005

Impact Of A Catastrophic Flooding Event On Riparian Birds, Natalie J. S. Turley, Anthonie M. A. Holthuijzen

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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American Bison, A Natural History By Dale F. Lott, C. Riley Nelson Apr 2005

American Bison, A Natural History By Dale F. Lott, C. Riley Nelson

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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End Matter, Vol. 65 No. 2 Apr 2005

End Matter, Vol. 65 No. 2

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Full Issue, Vol. 65 No. 2 Apr 2005

Full Issue, Vol. 65 No. 2

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Competitive Interactions Between Endangered Kit Foxes And Nonnative Red Foxes, Howard O. Clark Jr., Gregory D. Warrick, Brian L. Cypher, Patrick A. Kelly, Daniel F. Williams, David E. Grubbs Apr 2005

Competitive Interactions Between Endangered Kit Foxes And Nonnative Red Foxes, Howard O. Clark Jr., Gregory D. Warrick, Brian L. Cypher, Patrick A. Kelly, Daniel F. Williams, David E. Grubbs

Western North American Naturalist

We investigated interference and exploitative competition between endangered San Joaquin kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis mutica) and nonnative red foxes (V. vulpes). Seven kit foxes and 16 red foxes were radio-collared and tracked via radiotelemetry near Lost Hills, California. One kit fox was killed by a red fox. Home ranges of the 2 species did not overlap extensively. Although both species used similar habitats, they used different parcels of land. Kit foxes and red foxes primarily consumed rodents on the study site, and dietary overlap was considerable. Red foxes also may have been using dens formerly used …

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Influence Of Soil Water Availability On Competition Among Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia Esula) And Grasses, Matthew James Rinella, Roger Leslie Sheley Apr 2005

Influence Of Soil Water Availability On Competition Among Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia Esula) And Grasses, Matthew James Rinella, Roger Leslie Sheley

Western North American Naturalist

Some perturbations differentially influence invasive plant and grass production. For example, growth regulator herbicides and biological control agents can dramatically reduce leafy spurge production while having little or no influence on grass production, and overgrazing can reduce grass production while not substantially influencing leafy spurge production because cattle typically ingest little or no leafy spurge. To predict how grass production will respond to a perturbation that influences only leafy spurge and to predict how leafy spurge production will respond to a perturbation that affects only grasses, competitive relationships must be understood. Seeding mixtures of leafy spurge and 2 grasses were …

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Digestibility, Nitrogen Balance, And Blood Metabolites In Llama And Alpaca Fed Barley And Barley Alfalfa Forages., Heather Loree Davies Apr 2005

Digestibility, Nitrogen Balance, And Blood Metabolites In Llama And Alpaca Fed Barley And Barley Alfalfa Forages., Heather Loree Davies

Theses and Dissertations

These projects were conducted to determine the digestibility of forage diets with differing CP levels in llamas and alpacas. The Utah study was designed to compare llama and alpaca nutritional parameters to determine if nutritional recommendations for llamas can be directly extrapolated to alpacas. The first study evaluated the effects of forage quality on blood metabolites and nitrogen balance in mature, intact male llamas (n = 4, 36 ± 4.4 months, 87 ± 17 kg) at high altitude in Letanias, Bolivia (4,267 m = aprox.14,000 ft above sea level). A second experiment was conducted with eight adult gelded camelids (n …

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Praying, Playing And Happy Families: An Examination Of The Relationship Between Family Religiosity, Family Recreation, And Family Functioning, Sarah Taylor Apr 2005

Praying, Playing And Happy Families: An Examination Of The Relationship Between Family Religiosity, Family Recreation, And Family Functioning, Sarah Taylor

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between family religiosity, family recreation, and family functioning. Mahoney's Joint Religious Activities Questionnaire was used to measure family religiosity, while Zabriskie's Family Leisure Activity Profile (FLAP) was used to measure family leisure involvement. Olson's Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scales (FACES II) was used to measure family functioning. The sample consisted of 121 parents and 99 youth from various faith groups and were selected using a convenience and snowball sample. Results indicated that there was a relationship between family religiosity and family recreation, and that both family religiosity and family recreation …

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Establising A High-Frequency Standard Reference Sequence Stratigraphy, Sea-Level Curve, And Biostratigraphy For Morrowan Strata Of The Lower Absaroka I Time Slice Based Upon The Bird Spring Formation, Arrow Canyon, Nevada, Kristen Phelps Briggs Apr 2005

Establising A High-Frequency Standard Reference Sequence Stratigraphy, Sea-Level Curve, And Biostratigraphy For Morrowan Strata Of The Lower Absaroka I Time Slice Based Upon The Bird Spring Formation, Arrow Canyon, Nevada, Kristen Phelps Briggs

Theses and Dissertations

For the same reasons which prompted its ratification in 1990 as the Global Stratotype Section and Point for the Mid-Carboniferous boundary, namely, section completeness, abundant fossils, and excellent exposure, the Morrowan Arrow Canyon Bird Spring strata is recommended as a candidate standard sequence stratigraphic reference for the Morrowan portion of the Lower Absaroka I supersequence. The stratigraphic architecture of Morrowan strata in Arrow Canyon was largely controlled by high-amplitude (100-m), high-frequency sea-level changes. Outcrop data and facies stacking patterns define 59 fifth-order fundamental cycles. These fundamental cycles stack into ten third-order sequences with an average duration of 320 ka. Changes …

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Improving And Extending Behavioral Animation Through Machine Learning, Jonathan J. Dinerstein Apr 2005

Improving And Extending Behavioral Animation Through Machine Learning, Jonathan J. Dinerstein

Theses and Dissertations

Behavioral animation has become popular for creating virtual characters that are autonomous agents and thus self-animating. This is useful for lessening the workload of human animators, populating virtual environments with interactive agents, etc. Unfortunately, current behavioral animation techniques suffer from three key problems: (1) deliberative behavioral models (i.e., cognitive models) are slow to execute; (2) interactive virtual characters cannot adapt online due to interaction with a human user; (3) programming of behavioral models is a difficult and time-intensive process. This dissertation presents a collection of papers that seek to overcome each of these problems. Specifically, these issues are alleviated …

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January: Search Based On Social Insect Behavior, Peter C. Lamborn Apr 2005

January: Search Based On Social Insect Behavior, Peter C. Lamborn

Theses and Dissertations

January is a group of interacting stateless model checkers. Each agent functions on a processor located on a super computer or a network of workstations (NOW). The agent's search pattern is a semi-random walk based on the behavior of the grey field slug (Agriolimax reticulatus), the house fly (Musca domestica), and the black ant (Lassius niger). The agents communicate to lessen the amount of duplicate work being done. Every algorithm has a memory threshold above which they search efficiently. This threshold varies not only by model but also by algorithm. Janaury's threshold is lower than the thresholds of other algorithms …

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