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Rapd Analysis Of Three Breeding Lines In Horses, Gregory B. Tilton, Dr. Robert L. Park, Jerran Flinders Oct 2013

Rapd Analysis Of Three Breeding Lines In Horses, Gregory B. Tilton, Dr. Robert L. Park, Jerran Flinders

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The focus of this project was two-fold. First, to test whether RAPDS, a genetic marker finding technique, could be used to find markers in three separate sire/offspring groups of horses. Second, to determine whether we could use RAPDs to produce a similarity index indicating how genetically related the different groups were to each other, a process that may be valuable in a future genetic study of horse gait. We used the DNA from three horse sires and seven of their offspring, giving a total of twenty-four different horses. The individuals, all of which are registered Missouri Foxtrotters, are located on …

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Structure And Dimensions Of Maternal Perceptions Of Japanese And American Child Temperament, Kenichi Shimokawa, Dr. David Shwalb Oct 2013

Structure And Dimensions Of Maternal Perceptions Of Japanese And American Child Temperament, Kenichi Shimokawa, Dr. David Shwalb

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The study of temperament has an important part in furthering our understanding about human development. Although the word “temperament” is defined in various ways by researchers, two leading theorists defined it as “constitutionally based individual differences in emotional, motor, and attentional reactivity and self-regulation” (Rothbart & Bates, 1997, p. 108). This definition, particularly, the term “constitutional” emphasizes the biological aspect of temperament. However, Dr. Shwalb and other researchers found evidences that suggest the influence of culture on how people perceive others temperament. Specifically, we studied the differences between maternal perceptions of Japanese and American child temperament to better understand how …

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Botany Pond Sculptural Installation Review, Chuck Switzer, Brian Christensen Oct 2013

Botany Pond Sculptural Installation Review, Chuck Switzer, Brian Christensen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

I guess I can write about a couple of the different aspects of this project. I am under the assumption that a paper of this nature is intended to be a report on how and why I did this project and how I interpret its results. This said, I will continue.

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Development Of A New Sugar Receptor, William D. Thomas, Dr. Paul B. Savage Oct 2013

Development Of A New Sugar Receptor, William D. Thomas, Dr. Paul B. Savage

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Oligosaccharides are enormously rich in structural information. They are often branched and can be bonded together by a variety of different linkages, unlike polypeptides which contain identical peptide bonds.1 For this reason, polysaccharides play a crucial role in cell recognition.2 Although carbohydrate recognition is known to take place, the event is not well understood.3 In order to better understand the hydrophobic interactions that enhance binding between sugar based receptors and various small hydrophobic molecules in aqueous solvents, the synthesis of a glucose based cavity was attempted (see Fig. 3). The cavity was carefully designed to maximize hydrophobic interactions with small …

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Dynamics Of Phytoplankton Distribution In Relation To Stratification And Winter Precipitation, Fallen Leaf Lake, California, Paula J. Noble, Sudeep Chandra, David K. Kreamer Oct 2013

Dynamics Of Phytoplankton Distribution In Relation To Stratification And Winter Precipitation, Fallen Leaf Lake, California, Paula J. Noble, Sudeep Chandra, David K. Kreamer

Western North American Naturalist

Seasonal succession and interannual variation of modern diatom populations in Fallen Leaf Lake, Sierra Nevada, California, are characterized and discussed in relation to stratification, water quality, and inflow during spring runoff. Fallen Leaf Lake is a deep, transparent subalpine lake that undergoes a 5–6 month period of stratification and develops a deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) dominated by diatoms. A seasonal succession was observed, where the early spring was dominated by Asterionella formosa, Fragilaria tenera-group (F. tenera and F. nanana), Tabellaria flocculosa strain IIIp, Aulacoseira subarctica, and Urosolenia eriensis. Asterionella formosa and T. flocculosa strain IIIp persisted …

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Tolerance Values And Effects Of Selected Environmental Determinants On Caddisfly (Trichoptera) Distribution In Northwest And North Central Washington, Usa, Dean W. Blinn, David E. Ruiter Oct 2013

Tolerance Values And Effects Of Selected Environmental Determinants On Caddisfly (Trichoptera) Distribution In Northwest And North Central Washington, Usa, Dean W. Blinn, David E. Ruiter

Western North American Naturalist

Caddisflies were collected at 181 wall seep, stream, river, and lake habitats in 7 counties in northwest and north central Washington over a 6-year period. From 17,405 specimens, we identified 164 adult caddisfly species within 62 genera and 16 families. Twenty taxa were new state records, bringing the number of species currently reported from Washington to 230. Species assemblages were compared to altitude, physicochemical factors, aquatic habitats, and land use (urban, agriculture, and forest) on the west and east sides of the North Cascade Range. Species richness showed significant positive correlations to altitude and pH and showed significant negative correlations …

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Microdistributional Variability Of Larval Caddisflies In Mediterranean-Climate Streams In Northern California, Joseph R. Holomuzki, Paula C. Furey, Rex L. Lowe, Mary E. Power Oct 2013

Microdistributional Variability Of Larval Caddisflies In Mediterranean-Climate Streams In Northern California, Joseph R. Holomuzki, Paula C. Furey, Rex L. Lowe, Mary E. Power

Western North American Naturalist

Knowing how physical and biogenic habitat characteristics affect microspatial variability of larval caddisflies is important to understanding potential population distributions and local species assemblages. We show that larval caddisfly densities and assemblages vary between study reaches and streams on the Angelo Coast Range Reserve in northern California and that species abundance patterns are associated with specific habitat variables. Dicosmoecus gilvipes and Psychoglypha spp. were most dense in 4th-order reaches of the south fork of the Eel River (SFE) and rare or absent in shallow 2nd- and 1st-order reaches of the Elder and Fox Creek tributaries, respectively. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) suggested …

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Evidence Of Hantavirus Exposure In Rodents From North Texas, Richard M. Pitts, Matthew R. Mauldin, Cody W. Thompson, Jerry R. Choate Oct 2013

Evidence Of Hantavirus Exposure In Rodents From North Texas, Richard M. Pitts, Matthew R. Mauldin, Cody W. Thompson, Jerry R. Choate

Western North American Naturalist

Between 27 June 1997 and 16 May 1999, 423 rodents were collected from North Texas (Collin, Denton, and Grayson counties) by using Sherman live-traps (trapping success rate ~22%). Of the 423 rodents collected, 328 were tested for evidence of IgG antibodies to New World hantaviruses. Hantavirus antibodies were detected in 34 individuals (~10%). This is the first record of hantavirus antibody–positive rodents from the highly urbanized area of North Texas.


Entre el 27 de Junio 1997 y el 16 de Mayo 1999, 423 roedores fueron colectados usando trampas Sherman de capturas en vivo (éxito de captura ~22%) en el Norte …

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Front Matter, Vol. 73 No. 3 Oct 2013

Front Matter, Vol. 73 No. 3

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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End Matter, Vol. 73 No. 3 Oct 2013

End Matter, Vol. 73 No. 3

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Milnesium Lagniappe, A New Species Of Water Bear (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada, Apochela, Milnesiidae) From The Southern United States, Harry A. Meyer, Juliana G. Hinton, Maria C. Dupré Oct 2013

Milnesium Lagniappe, A New Species Of Water Bear (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada, Apochela, Milnesiidae) From The Southern United States, Harry A. Meyer, Juliana G. Hinton, Maria C. Dupré

Western North American Naturalist

Over 200 species of freshwater and terrestrial water bears (phylum Tardigrada) are known to occur in North America. Of these, 20 species have been recorded in Louisiana. Foliose and fruticose lichen and moss samples collected in 2011 in the city of Lake Charles and in Sam Houston Jones State Park, Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana, USA, were stored in paper envelopes and later soaked in tap water overnight. Tardigrade specimens and eggs were extracted and mounted in polyvinyl lactophenol. The samples contained a new species of tardigrade. Milnesium lagniappe sp. n. has claw formula [2-3]-[3-2] and 9 sculptured bands in the dorsal …

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Distribution And Movement Of Big Spring Spinedace (Lepidomeda Mollispinis Pratensis) In Condor Canyon, Meadow Valley Wash, Nevada, Ian G. Jezorek, Patrick J. Connolly Oct 2013

Distribution And Movement Of Big Spring Spinedace (Lepidomeda Mollispinis Pratensis) In Condor Canyon, Meadow Valley Wash, Nevada, Ian G. Jezorek, Patrick J. Connolly

Western North American Naturalist

Big Spring spinedace (Lepidomeda mollispinis pratensis) is a cyprinid whose entire population occurs within a section of Meadow Valley Wash, Nevada. Other spinedace species have suffered population and range declines (one species is extinct). Managers, concerned about the vulnerability of Big Spring spinedace, have considered habitat restoration actions or translocation, but they have lacked data on distribution or habitat use. Our study occurred in an 8.2-km section of Meadow Valley Wash, including about 7.2 km in Condor Canyon and 0.8 km upstream of the canyon. Big Spring spinedace were present upstream of the currently listed critical habitat, including …

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An Assessment Of Permanent And Nonpermanent Plots In Riparian Vegetation Monitoring, Caroline M. Laine, Karin M. Kettenring, Brett B. Roper Oct 2013

An Assessment Of Permanent And Nonpermanent Plots In Riparian Vegetation Monitoring, Caroline M. Laine, Karin M. Kettenring, Brett B. Roper

Western North American Naturalist

The aim of this research was to determine whether permanent and nonpermanent plots for describing riparian plant communities would yield the same results. This research was conducted at 4 streams in central eastern Idaho. Permanent and nonpermanent greenline plots (first perennial vegetation adjacent to stream) were sampled repeatedly from June to October 2010, and we assessed differences between plot types by comparing species richness, wetland indicator rating, and percent cover of live vegetation, forbs, graminoids, litter/moss, and bare ground. We found few statistically significant differences between permanent and nonpermanent greenline plots. Because both types of plots yielded similar results, we …

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Spatial Ecology Of Female Mule Deer In An Area Proposed For Wind Energy Development, Stephen L. Webb, Matthew R. Dzialak, Dean Houchen, Karl L. Kosciuch, Jeffrey B. Winstead Oct 2013

Spatial Ecology Of Female Mule Deer In An Area Proposed For Wind Energy Development, Stephen L. Webb, Matthew R. Dzialak, Dean Houchen, Karl L. Kosciuch, Jeffrey B. Winstead

Western North American Naturalist

Development for wind energy is increasing rapidly across the United States, particularly in Wyoming, despite a general lack of information on the potential interaction development could have on wildlife species. Therefore, knowledge of the space use and movement patterns of individuals can help define spatial distributions and management unit boundaries for populations prior to development. Such knowledge can also be used as baseline data from which to assess any future impacts on animal populations. We investigated the spatial ecology of female mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus; n = 18) equipped with global positioning system collars from 23 February 2011 to …

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Factors Influencing Mortality Associated With The Translocation Of Northern River Otters (Lontra Canadensis) In Utah, Casey C. Day, Matthew D. Westover, Brock R. Mcmillan Oct 2013

Factors Influencing Mortality Associated With The Translocation Of Northern River Otters (Lontra Canadensis) In Utah, Casey C. Day, Matthew D. Westover, Brock R. Mcmillan

Western North American Naturalist

Reintroductions and translocations of northern river otters have been a common management practice throughout the United States from the 1970s to the 2000s. Though many reintroductions have been successful, populations are not always monitored or evaluated post-release. From 2009 through 2012, we translocated 27 radio-marked otters into the Provo River watershed in northern Utah. Our objective was to determine what factors influenced the translocation-related mortality of otters. We developed a series of a priori models and used logistic regression to determine the most influential factors. We used Akaike’s information criterion to evaluate relative model support. We found that the univariate …

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Ringtail (Bassariscus Astutus) Noninvasive Survey Methods, Density, And Occupancy In Central New Mexico, Usa, Robert L. Harrison Oct 2013

Ringtail (Bassariscus Astutus) Noninvasive Survey Methods, Density, And Occupancy In Central New Mexico, Usa, Robert L. Harrison

Western North American Naturalist

I tested 3 hair-collection devices used for population surveys of ringtails (Bassariscus astutus): PVC pipes, modified cage traps, and triangular Coroplast® tunnels. Coroplast tunnels were the most efficient, with hair obtained by 92% of tunnels tested on radio-collared ringtails. I used the tunnels to survey ringtails on the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge in central New Mexico. Probability of detection in areas where ringtails were present was 74% (95% CI 0.56–0.86). Population density was estimated to be 0.17–0.33 ringtails · km–2 and occupancy (Ψ) by ringtails was 0.56 (95% CI 0.35–0.75).


Examiné tres dispositivos para colectar muestras …

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Eastern Fox Squirrel (Sciurus Niger): New Threat To Pecan Orchards In Far West Texas, Jennifer K. Frey, Jaime Iglesias, Krysta Herman Oct 2013

Eastern Fox Squirrel (Sciurus Niger): New Threat To Pecan Orchards In Far West Texas, Jennifer K. Frey, Jaime Iglesias, Krysta Herman

Western North American Naturalist

We report the first records of the eastern fox squirrel (Sciurus niger) in Trans-Pecos Texas. Sciurus niger is widely established in pecan orchards in the Lower El Paso Valley of the Rio Grande, El Paso County. Expansion of this population to other pecan-growing regions along the Rio Grande in New Mexico is possible. Research is needed on both the extent of damage caused by S. niger to pecan production and the control methods in this situation. We recommend a goal of complete eradication of S. niger from this region. Sciurus niger should be delisted as a game species …

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Nomenclatural Change Of Chaetodipus Dalquesti, Evelyn Rios, Sergio Ticul Álvarez-Castañeda Oct 2013

Nomenclatural Change Of Chaetodipus Dalquesti, Evelyn Rios, Sergio Ticul Álvarez-Castañeda

Western North American Naturalist

The pocket mouse from the southern Baja California peninsula, Chaetodipus dalquesti,is synonymized to Chaetodipus ammophilus, following the Principle of Priority of the Code of Zoological Nomenclature, because C. ammophilus was described before C. dalquesti. The subspecies are reassigned.


La especie de ratón de abazones del sur de la Península de Baja California, Chaetodipus dalquesti, es sinonimizada a Chaetodipus ammophilus por el Principio de Prioridad, según el Código de Nomenclatura Zoológica vigente, ya que C. ammophilus fue descrita con anterioridad que C. dalquesti. Se reasigna la nomenclatura correcta para las subespecies.

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Pollination Biology Of Astragalus Phoenix (Fabaceae) With Notes On The Natural History Of Its Pollinator, Anthophora Porterae (Hymenoptera: Apidae), David A. Tanner, Catherine Clark, James P. Pitts Oct 2013

Pollination Biology Of Astragalus Phoenix (Fabaceae) With Notes On The Natural History Of Its Pollinator, Anthophora Porterae (Hymenoptera: Apidae), David A. Tanner, Catherine Clark, James P. Pitts

Western North American Naturalist

Astragalus (Fabaceae) is a broadly distributed, diverse, and economically important group of plants. Given the number of species and its distribution, it is not surprising that there are many species that are highly restricted and endangered. Among these is the Ash Meadows milkvetch, Astragalus phoenix. Here we investigate the breeding biology of As. phoenix. Our data show that As. phoenix is xenogamous and thatAnthophora porterae (Hymenoptera: Apidae) is the most likely pollinator. We also noticed Apis mellifera visiting As. phoenix, though it appears unlikely that Ap. melliferacontributes significantly to the reproductive success of As. phoenix. We located …

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Microbes: An Educational Picture Book, Heather Stratton, Richard Hull, William Mccleary Oct 2013

Microbes: An Educational Picture Book, Heather Stratton, Richard Hull, William Mccleary

Journal of Undergraduate Research

With all the hype and paranoia in our media today about disease causing microbes, the need arises for a more complete picture of these tiny organisms and some of their other roles in our lives to be presented. I have written a children’s story in an attempt to do just this. The book is titled Microbes. It is an acknowledgement of the dangers of microorganisms, but also an explanation of their necessary influence.

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Utilization Of Ancient Dna To Understand The Organization Of Social Power In An Ancient Peruvian Population, Christi Embry, Dr. Ray Matheny Oct 2013

Utilization Of Ancient Dna To Understand The Organization Of Social Power In An Ancient Peruvian Population, Christi Embry, Dr. Ray Matheny

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Molecular biological techniques are allowing researchers to answer questions hidden within the physical archaeological record. DNA analysis of individuals excavated from multiple ancient populations has previously shed light on the origins and genetic affinities of these ancient peoples (5,6). These studies have the power to determine the structure of the ancient populations and may identify modern populations that have descended from them. Laboratory techniques have allowed researchers to identify four major haplogroups (A, B, C, D) and one odd group called X, that make up the majority of the modern Native American populations in North and South America. (8) This …

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Microbes: An Educational Picture Book, Heather Stratton, Richard Hull, William Mccleary Oct 2013

Microbes: An Educational Picture Book, Heather Stratton, Richard Hull, William Mccleary

Journal of Undergraduate Research

With all the hype and paranoia in our media today about disease causing microbes, the need arises for a more complete picture of these tiny organisms and some of their other roles in our lives to be presented. I have written a children’s story in an attempt to do just this. The book is titled Microbes. It is an acknowledgement of the dangers of microorganisms, but also an explanation of their necessary influence.

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Polymers Functioning As Artificial Muscles, Nicholas Stanonis, William Pitt Oct 2013

Polymers Functioning As Artificial Muscles, Nicholas Stanonis, William Pitt

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Current research in the field of polymers has led to the development of synthetic muscles that function similar to biological muscles. Scientists have engineered polymers to contract up to one thousand times their original volume when exposed to changes in light, temperature, voltage, or pH. The ability to contract and relax makes these polymers ideal artificial muscles. Currently, artificial muscles are being applied in the field of robotics. NASA is in the process of developing a dust wiper for their planetary rovers that operates with an artificial muscle. A common goal that many scientists are working towards is the implementation …

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Electromagnetic Properties Of Water In The Presence Of A Protein, Kelly Jeppesen, Travis Oliphant Oct 2013

Electromagnetic Properties Of Water In The Presence Of A Protein, Kelly Jeppesen, Travis Oliphant

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Light scattering is a means of detecting certain chemical properties of a sample of material. As a photon (light packet) encounters any material, there is some probability that the photon will be absorbed. The energy from an absorbed photon will either work to heat the sample or be reemitted. When re-emitted, a photon will not necessarily travel in the same direction or with the same phase in which it encountered the material. Also, the amount of energy re-emitted via scattering is dependent on the incident light wavelength and properties of the material, which, for example, is why the sky looks …

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Defining Species Concepts: Testing Species Boundaries Of Sceloporus Grammicus, Daniel H. Chappell, Dr. Jack W. Sites Oct 2013

Defining Species Concepts: Testing Species Boundaries Of Sceloporus Grammicus, Daniel H. Chappell, Dr. Jack W. Sites

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Species concepts are the methods biologists use to name and describe species. There are many important reasons for having an empirically based species concept. Species definitions are important to the fields of population biology and phylogenetics.

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Use Of Esem And Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Microanalysis To Study Leaf Surfaces Of Austrian Pine, Joseph Donaldson, Dr. Wilford M. Hess Oct 2013

Use Of Esem And Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Microanalysis To Study Leaf Surfaces Of Austrian Pine, Joseph Donaldson, Dr. Wilford M. Hess

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The following is a report of an investigation on the effects of air pollution on Austrian pine needles. The report will state the initial question, how the report was carried out, the results of the investigation, and our conclusions. Additionally, it will report on publication and presentation of the research.

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Sequencing The Mammoth Cytochrome B Gene: A Genetic Look Into The History Of Prehistoric Columbian Mammoths, Shaun Odell, Dr. Scott Woodward Oct 2013

Sequencing The Mammoth Cytochrome B Gene: A Genetic Look Into The History Of Prehistoric Columbian Mammoths, Shaun Odell, Dr. Scott Woodward

Journal of Undergraduate Research

During the excavation process associated with the reconstruction of Cleveland reservoir dam near the Huntington Canyon area of UT, the massive skeleton of a Columbian mammoth was unearthed. Excavation of the remains ensued, and bone samples from this prehistoric mammal were sent to the Molecular Archaeogenetic Research facility at Brigham Young University. These samples were studied in hopes of unlocking many of the mysteries associated with this ancient animal.

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Can A Flea See? An Investigation Of Flea Opsin (Flopsin), Sean David Taylor, Dr. Michael F. Whiting Oct 2013

Can A Flea See? An Investigation Of Flea Opsin (Flopsin), Sean David Taylor, Dr. Michael F. Whiting

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Visual pigments are responsible for conferring visual perceptual abilities to animals. Various pigments are tuned to absorb light of different wavelengths and to provide contrast and movement perception. All pigments consist of an opsin protein and a chromophore molecule, usually a carotene derivative. Interactions between the chromophore and amino acid residues of opsin fine-tune visual pigments for the absorption of different wavelengths. Opsin variants can tune visual pigments to absorb wavelengths in the ultraviolet, blue, green, and red regions of the spectrum (Briscoe and Chittka 2001).

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Phylogeny And Conservation Of The Utah Land Snail Oreohelix Peripherica (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Camaenidae), Ashley Nelson, Dr. Keith A. Crandall Oct 2013

Phylogeny And Conservation Of The Utah Land Snail Oreohelix Peripherica (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Camaenidae), Ashley Nelson, Dr. Keith A. Crandall

Journal of Undergraduate Research

This study of the Oreohelix peripherica land snail is a continuation of a study sponsored last year by ORCA. In 1993, Ecosearch, Inc. suggested that O. p. wasatchensis, located at Rainbow Gardens near Ogden, deserved being upgraded to having an endangered status according to the US Endangered Species Act because of its reduced area of occurrence and the depletion of its habitat. The phylogenetic hypothesis gathered from the data obtained in last year’s study suggests that the Rainbow Gardens samples are not endemic to that area because they are genetically similar to other populations from different localities. Since the population …

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Testing Cognition In Amazona Spp, Heidi Francis, Dr. Steven L. Peck Oct 2013

Testing Cognition In Amazona Spp, Heidi Francis, Dr. Steven L. Peck

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Animal intelligence has been studied for years, yet very few people are aware that parrots are ranked near the top with regards to cognition. For almost 20 years Dr. Irene Pepperberg has been teaching African Grey parrots to communicate using language, these birds then use English words to verbally answer questions testing their intelligence level. (Pepperberg, 1995) The teaching method used to do this is called the Model/Rival technique. For my research I chose to test whether this same technique could be used to teach a different species of parrot. Because of their speaking ability and large brain sizes comparable …

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