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Hepatic Oval Cells: A Potential Source Of Cartilage, Chris Meinhart, Dr. Laura C. Bridgewater Jan 2014

Hepatic Oval Cells: A Potential Source Of Cartilage, Chris Meinhart, Dr. Laura C. Bridgewater

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Damage to articular cartilage found in synovial joints can occur both by trauma and disease processes. Cartilage, because of its avascular nature and low cellularity, has very poor regeneration capabilities. It is therefore important to explore new and effective cellular therapies to facilitate the repair of diseased or otherwise damaged cartilage.

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Identification Of A Novel Positive Cis-Acting Element In The First Intron Of The Mouse Col11a2 Gene, Steven Alan Smith, Dr. Laura Bridgewater Jan 2014

Identification Of A Novel Positive Cis-Acting Element In The First Intron Of The Mouse Col11a2 Gene, Steven Alan Smith, Dr. Laura Bridgewater

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Three chondrocyte-specific enhancer elements were previously identified in the mouse type XI collagen gene, Col11a2 (1-3). Enhancer elements are base pair sequences of DNA to which proteins bind enhancing expression of a particular gene. One of these enhancers, called F/G, is located in the first intron of that gene (3). This work has revealed the likely presence of additional positive cis-acting (enhancer) elements in the first intron, and one of those elements has been identified.

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Fdc As An Hiv Reservoir: Dna Sequence Analysis Of Hiv Isolated From Fdc And Cd4+ T Cells Of Infected Patient, Trever Bradley Burgon, Dr. Gregory F. Burton Jan 2014

Fdc As An Hiv Reservoir: Dna Sequence Analysis Of Hiv Isolated From Fdc And Cd4+ T Cells Of Infected Patient, Trever Bradley Burgon, Dr. Gregory F. Burton

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), the retrovirus that causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), has infected over 60 million people and become what the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS calls: “the most devastating disease mankind has ever faced” (8). Current treatment, known as HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy), is able to reduce HIV in the blood to undetectable levels but it cannot completely block replication nor remove HIV from the body. When patients stop taking HAART, their viral load (the quantity of virus detected in their blood) and symptoms quickly return to pretreatment levels. This viral rebound is caused by latent …

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Polymeric Monolithic Stationary Phases For Capillary Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography Of Small Molecules, Kun Liu Jan 2014

Polymeric Monolithic Stationary Phases For Capillary Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography Of Small Molecules, Kun Liu

Theses and Dissertations

Highly cross-linked monoliths prepared from single cross-linking monomers were found to increase surface area and stability. Therefore, seven cross-linking monomers, i.e., 1,3-butanediol dimethacrylate (1,3-BDDMA), 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate (1,4-BDDMA), neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate (NPGDMA), 1,5-pentanediol dimethacrylate (1,5-PDDMA), 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate (1,6-HDDMA), 1,10-decanediol dimethacrylate (1,10-DDDMA), and 1,12-dodecanediol dimethacrylate (1,12-DoDDMA), were used to synthesize highly cross-linked monolithic columns in 75-µm i.d. capillaries by one-step UV-initiated polymerization using dodecanol and methanol as porogens for reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) of small molecules. Selection of porogen type and concentration was investigated in detail. Isocratic elution of alkylbenzenes at a flow rate of 300 nL/min was conducted for all of …

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Understanding Sexual Abstinence Among Adolescent Males, David William Haas, Dr. Renata Forste Jan 2014

Understanding Sexual Abstinence Among Adolescent Males, David William Haas, Dr. Renata Forste

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Adolescent sexual activity is an important social issue because it is associated with other high-risk behaviors such as alcohol and substance abuse. Past studies have generally examined factors related to the initiation of sexual activity among youth, rather than modeling the factors predictive of sexual abstinence. Early sexual activity places youth at risk of premarital pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease. In addition, first intercourse is influential in redefining a youth’s identity and attitudes, and is an important factor in the transition from adolescence to adulthood (Upchurch, Levy-Storms, Sucoff, & Aneheshensel, 1998). The present study of teen sexual behavior models the …

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Educational Attainment And Parity Among Mormons And Non- Mormons In Utah, William J. Jensen, Dr. Ray M. Merrill Jan 2014

Educational Attainment And Parity Among Mormons And Non- Mormons In Utah, William J. Jensen, Dr. Ray M. Merrill

Journal of Undergraduate Research

In recent decades, a common view arose that increased educational attainment led to less religious commitment and in views counter to spiritual growth but that encouraged scientific and intellectual accomplishments. 1234 Turning away from spiritual to secular explanations of life has received considerable attention (Stark 1998).

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Does Respiratory Response At Altitude Lead To A Variation In Blood Oxygen Concentrations Among Individuals, Robert Adams, Dr. Robert Conlee Jan 2014

Does Respiratory Response At Altitude Lead To A Variation In Blood Oxygen Concentrations Among Individuals, Robert Adams, Dr. Robert Conlee

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Oxygen is the essential element in the air we breathe. The concentration of oxygen is constant in the atmosphere at approximately 21%. However barometric pressure is not constant throughout the atmosphere. The barometric pressure measures the amount of pressure the particles in the atmosphere exert and varies depending on altitude and weather. At sea level the barometric pressure is 760mmHg. The oxygen molecules accessible for respiration exert 21% of that pressure. The pressure of these oxygen molecules is 160mmHg and is referred to as the partial pressure of oxygen. As the altitude increases the total barometric pressure decreases from 760mmHg …

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Terry Nails The Sale: Senior Narrative Film Project, Dustin Condren, Stan Ferguson Jan 2014

Terry Nails The Sale: Senior Narrative Film Project, Dustin Condren, Stan Ferguson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

After filming my third-year narrative film project, I felt ready for a significant change. Everything that I had done up until that point had consisted of stories of college-age men struggling to come to terms with their own weaknesses and desires. Essentially they were all “inner-struggle” pieces. The project that I had just completed was good, but I wanted something else. Something real, something that told a story, and would allow me as a director to explore dramatic structures.

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Quantitative Mri Analysis Of The Cingulate Gyrus, Corpus Callosum, And Thalamus Following Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, Adam G. Bergeson, Dr. Ramona O. Hopkins Jan 2014

Quantitative Mri Analysis Of The Cingulate Gyrus, Corpus Callosum, And Thalamus Following Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, Adam G. Bergeson, Dr. Ramona O. Hopkins

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Carbon monoxide (CO) exposure is the most common cause of poisoning death in the United States.1 The cellular damage due to CO poisoning is observed in organ systems with high oxygen utilization such as the cardiovascular system and central nervous system. Neuropathological changes that occur due to CO exposure result from a number of biological mechanisms and underlie the development of neuroanatomical abnormalities that occur following CO poisoning.2 Neuroanatomical changes following CO poisoning can be seen using a variety of neuroimaging techniques, including, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Quantitative MRI (QMRI), and Computed Tomography (CT). Findings include fornix atrophy, increased ventricle-to-brain …

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Autism In Romanian Orphanages, Natalie Williams, Dr. John Seggar Jan 2014

Autism In Romanian Orphanages, Natalie Williams, Dr. John Seggar

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Orphans in developing countries raised in social institutions often manifest extreme developmental delays. Autism is a common layman diagnosis for such children due to the pattern of their developmental delays. Most orphans raised in such situations show severe delays in language skills, social interaction, and play behavior. All three of these delays are very characteristic of the Autism Spectrum Disorder. However, deeper investigation shows autism to be a more intricate and pervasive disorder.

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Psychoanalysis And The Art Of G.F. Watts, Stephanie E. Mcnairy, Dr. Martha Peacock Jan 2014

Psychoanalysis And The Art Of G.F. Watts, Stephanie E. Mcnairy, Dr. Martha Peacock

Journal of Undergraduate Research

“He came to stay three days: he stayed thirty years,” wrote Sara Pattle Prinsep of her houseguest George Frederic Watts. In 1850, Mr. and Mrs. Prinsep signed a twenty-one year lease for the estate at Little Holland House in London. Shortly after moving in, Mrs. Prinsep asked Victorian artist G.F. Watts to stay with her family so that she could tend to his poor health. Mrs. Prinsep played an important role in Watts’ life. It was upon his introduction to Sara Pattle Prinsep and her single sister Virginia that Watts began his dependence on women to care for him and …

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Kant On The Nature Of Geometry, James B. Gibson Jr., Dr. Michael Arts Jan 2014

Kant On The Nature Of Geometry, James B. Gibson Jr., Dr. Michael Arts

Journal of Undergraduate Research

In the Critique of Pure Reason, Immanuel Kant develops an account of geometry which rests upon his central claim about metaphysics: that we see the world not as it may be independent of our perceiving it, but as an object of our sensible intuition. Thus, in order to understand our world, we must not only attempt to examine the world, but we must also examine the lens of our intuition, by which we perceive the world:

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The Potential For Grape Seed Extract As An Antioxidant In Human Cells, Mark J. Eliason, Dr. Kim O'Neill Jan 2014

The Potential For Grape Seed Extract As An Antioxidant In Human Cells, Mark J. Eliason, Dr. Kim O'Neill

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The single-cell gel electrophoresis assay or “Comet Assay” is a novel test which can be used to empirically ascertain the degree of damage sustained by the DNA of individual cells when exposed to cytotoxic chemicals. In this experiment a known cell line was grown in varying concentrations of grape seed extract (GSE), a reputed antioxidant, and then exposed to hydrogen peroxide, an oxidant, known to cause breaks in the DNA. When the comet assay was subsequently run the effect that the varying concentrations of grape seed extract had in protecting the cells from damage could be quantified.

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Investigating Attitudes Of Seniors Towards The Role Of The Gospel In Their Classes: A Student-Initiated Feedback Study Across The College Of Family, Home & Social Sciences At Byu, Dan Williams, Jacob Hess, Trevor Davis, Dr Robert Hunt, Dr. Scott Richards Jan 2014

Investigating Attitudes Of Seniors Towards The Role Of The Gospel In Their Classes: A Student-Initiated Feedback Study Across The College Of Family, Home & Social Sciences At Byu, Dan Williams, Jacob Hess, Trevor Davis, Dr Robert Hunt, Dr. Scott Richards

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The purpose of our study was to investigate the perspectives of fellow students towards current efforts at addressing the gospel of Jesus Christ in their departmental classes. The idea of a “BYU education,” while based in bedrock faith, is not a static concept; rather, strategies to apply our faith to daily learning moments are constantly evolving. We were interested in how other senior students perceived current efforts in “secular” classes to interface with the gospel. We asked ourselves, ‘what distinguishes positive experiences from the negative ones?’ What do other students think? Are their experiences similar to ours? A foundational assumption …

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Internal Transcribed Spacer Regions Of Nuclear Ribosomal Dna As A Tool For Phylogenetic Reconstruction, Melissa E. Hardy, Dr. Keith Crandall Jan 2014

Internal Transcribed Spacer Regions Of Nuclear Ribosomal Dna As A Tool For Phylogenetic Reconstruction, Melissa E. Hardy, Dr. Keith Crandall

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Phylogenetic trees are an estimate of genealogical relationships among groups of organisms. They are reconstructed by analyzing homologous nucleic acid sequences from different organisms and deriving an evolutionary relationship from the similarity in sequences.

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Genetic Analysis Of The Mountain Whitefish, Prosopium Williamsoni, Daniel C. Hambleton, Dr. Dennis K. Shiozawa, R. Paul Evans Jan 2014

Genetic Analysis Of The Mountain Whitefish, Prosopium Williamsoni, Daniel C. Hambleton, Dr. Dennis K. Shiozawa, R. Paul Evans

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Although currently part of the Bonneville Basin system, Bear Lake was once connected to the Snake River system of southeastern Idaho 40,000 years ago. Subsequent geological activity disrupted the exchange of fish populations between the Snake River and Bear Lake.

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Hiv In The Immune System: The Role Of Specialized Follicular Dendritic Cells In Promoting Viral Disease, Jacob D. Estes, Dr. Gregory F. Burton Jan 2014

Hiv In The Immune System: The Role Of Specialized Follicular Dendritic Cells In Promoting Viral Disease, Jacob D. Estes, Dr. Gregory F. Burton

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has become a world wild epidemic affecting millions of people across the globe. Even in the face of potent antiviral drugs which are only available in first world countries, HIV continues to evade intervention strategies and eventually destroy the body’s immune system. During the longest stage of HIV disease, clinical latency, much of active infection is confined to the germinal centers of secondary lymphoid tissue (1). Here HIV is trapped on the surface of follicular dendritic cells (FDC) which reside in this region of all secondary lymphoid organs (2). Large amounts of HIV localize on FDC …

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John F. Boynton: Forgotten Apostle, Wendy Woodfield, Dr. Alex Baugh Jan 2014

John F. Boynton: Forgotten Apostle, Wendy Woodfield, Dr. Alex Baugh

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Brigham Young, Parley P. Pratt, and nearly all of the original twelve apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints are familiar names in the homes of many church members. Their memories have lived on to our day through the many publications of church historians. However, one of these original church leaders seems to have faded from memory due to a lack of information. John F. Boynton also served as one of the original twelve apostles, impacted the lives of early church leaders, and was an outstanding advocate for the church during his years of missionary service. Andrew …

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Regio- And Stereoselective Photochemical [2+2] Cycloaddition Between 4-Hydroxycoumarin And Alkenes, Scott Henneman, Dr. Steven A. Fleming Jan 2014

Regio- And Stereoselective Photochemical [2+2] Cycloaddition Between 4-Hydroxycoumarin And Alkenes, Scott Henneman, Dr. Steven A. Fleming

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Recent photochemical research has proven helpful in understanding the regio- and stereoselective mechanism of four-member ring formation. When compounds cycloadd— combine either inter- or intramolecularly to form rings—a broad assortment of isomers are generally formed. However, the regio- and stereoselectivity of the cycloaddition process—the tendency of the compounds to combine in specific ways, i.e. the preference for one product over another—can be greatly enhanced through the utilization of a tether group. This tether group can be anything used to control the reacting molecular components involved in a cycloaddition towards combination in a specific orientation. The regio- and stereoselectivity of the …

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Development Of An Antibody To Utx Protein, Joanna L. Cheatham, Dr. Randy L. Bennett Jan 2014

Development Of An Antibody To Utx Protein, Joanna L. Cheatham, Dr. Randy L. Bennett

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Tribolium castaneum, red flour beetle, is an organism whose development is being studied and compared to that of Drosophila melanogaster. The particular goal of this study was to develop an antibody to Tribolium’s UTX protein, so it’s expression may be monitored during embryonic and larval development.

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Constructing The Remote Observatory For Variable Object Research, Jason A. Gilbert, Dr. J. Ward Moody Jan 2014

Constructing The Remote Observatory For Variable Object Research, Jason A. Gilbert, Dr. J. Ward Moody

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Scientists who attempt to unravel the mysteries of the universe have some physical limitations to deal with in their quest. For example, an observer must stay up all night to operate the telescopes that record the data. There are now automated telescopes that allow the scientist to enter a list of objects (stars, asteroids, planets, galaxies, etc.) into the telescope’s computer, and the telescope will move by itself to each one, taking and recording data throughout the course of the night. Some telescopes can even be operated remotely so the scientists can run them from their offices, or even their …

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Evolutionary Relationships Of Genera In The Lizard Family Iguanidae, Bruce W. Christensen, Dr. Jack W. Sites Jan 2014

Evolutionary Relationships Of Genera In The Lizard Family Iguanidae, Bruce W. Christensen, Dr. Jack W. Sites

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The family Iguanidae contains eight living genera of large, herbivorous lizards that by virtue of their size occupy important ecological niches wherever they are found. They are important elements of the food web, both as seed dispersers and prey for other animals, including humans (1). Of ecological and evolutionary significance, the family also contains several island endemics, including iguanas in the Carribean and on the Tongan, Fijian, and Galapagos archipelagoes.

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Potential Inhibitors Of Hiv Integrase, Daniel A. Gubler, Dr. Matt A. Peterson Jan 2014

Potential Inhibitors Of Hiv Integrase, Daniel A. Gubler, Dr. Matt A. Peterson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The purpose of my research is to synthesize a new class of enediynes that mimic linbenzoadenosine derivatives and have potential for inhibiting HIV integrase. This new class of enediynes is shown in Figure 1. Upon synthesis we will evaluate the biological activity of these compounds.

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I Get Mad Just Thinking About It: Comparing Students’ Emotions And Beliefs Evoked By Anger In Mozambique And At Brigham Young University’S, Ryan Curtis, Dr. Matthew Spackman Jan 2014

I Get Mad Just Thinking About It: Comparing Students’ Emotions And Beliefs Evoked By Anger In Mozambique And At Brigham Young University’S, Ryan Curtis, Dr. Matthew Spackman

Journal of Undergraduate Research

An emotion consists of many things. Research in emotion has been a constant debate between those who believe that emotions are more biologically based, and those who believe emotions are more culturally based. Cross-cultural studies of emotion have been used from the beginning of this debate to assess the effect of culture on emotions. The purpose of this study was to help determine the role of culture in emotions. Specifically, it studies 1) the effect of culture on the appraisal of anger, and 2) the effect of culture on the experience of secondary emotions that come from remembering an anger …

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The Brain’S Response To Physical Activity Studied With Fmri, Ren Weidman, Dr. Travis Oliphant Jan 2014

The Brain’S Response To Physical Activity Studied With Fmri, Ren Weidman, Dr. Travis Oliphant

Journal of Undergraduate Research

In recent years the fields of medicine and physiological research have made many advancements as a result of application of technology. One example of this is the device known as the Magnetic Resonance Imaging machine (MRI). MRI machines use innovative methods based on principles of physics and electronics to effectively attain a cross-sectional view of the human body. The MRI machine emits an electromagnetic field in the presence of a static field to manipulate the nuclear spin of hydrogen atoms in the body. The received signal can then be interpreted and reconstructed to plot a picture of the section examined. …

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Phylogeny And Conservation Of The Utah Land Snail Oreohelix Peripherica (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Camaenidae), Ashley Nelson, Dr. Keith A. Crandall Jan 2014

Phylogeny And Conservation Of The Utah Land Snail Oreohelix Peripherica (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Camaenidae), Ashley Nelson, Dr. Keith A. Crandall

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The land snail Oreohelix consists of 35 species that are distributed throughout the western United States, southwest Canada and northern Mexico. The majority of these species are endemic to the Great Basin and the Rocky Mountains (Bequaert et al., 1973). Pilsbry (1939) made the last taxonomic revision of the Oreohelix snail in Utah. He described seven species: Oreohelix eurekensis, O. haydeni, O. parawanensis, O. peripherica, O. strigosa, O. subrudis, and O. Yavapai. Traditionally, three subspecies have been ascribed to O. peripherica: O. p. wasatchensis, O. p. newcombi and O. p. weberina, which are distributed in Logan and Ogden Ranger Districts …

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Homing Behavior Of The Limpet Species Collisella Scabra Living On The Limpet Species Lottia Gigantea, Lee F. Braithwaite Jan 2014

Homing Behavior Of The Limpet Species Collisella Scabra Living On The Limpet Species Lottia Gigantea, Lee F. Braithwaite

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Limpets are one-shelled marine mollusks that live on rocky beaches in the intertidal zone. The limpet species Collisella scabra is also found living on the shell of the limpet species L. gigantea. C. scabra exhibits an interesting phenomenon known as homing. This means that while not feeding, C. scabra are always found on the same spot on the rock or shell where they live. The C. scabra leave this spot, known as a home scar, to feed, but always return to it after they are done feeding. In this research, Chris Miller, Bryant Low, Christian Armstrong, and I examined the …

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Measurement Issues With Couple-And Family-Level Data, Dean M. Busby, Franklin O. Poulsen Jan 2014

Measurement Issues With Couple-And Family-Level Data, Dean M. Busby, Franklin O. Poulsen

Faculty Publications

Early in my (D.B.) training as a family therapist, I did some co-therapy with a clinical psychology student who wanted to learn how to work with couples. The couple we were working with was quite volatile, and it was not uncommon for the dialogue between the spouses to get heated. While it was challenging enough to keep the interactions between the partners moving in a productive direction, my co-therapist was quite uncomfortable with conflict and would emotionally "check out" of the session as soon as things became intense. Each time a session was challenging and conflict became intense, my co-therapist …

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A Field Guide To Genomics Research, Andrea H. Bild, Jeffrey T. Chang, W. Evan Johnson, Stephen R. Piccolo Jan 2014

A Field Guide To Genomics Research, Andrea H. Bild, Jeffrey T. Chang, W. Evan Johnson, Stephen R. Piccolo

Faculty Publications

High-throughput technologies are enabling scientists to profile genomes, transcriptomes, proteomes, and metabolomes at an unprecedented scale [1]. All this “-omics” research (let's call it genomics for simplicity) is exciting—and game changing—but it's also fraught with dangers for the tenderfoot. Here, we've put together a brief “field guide” for those wishing to visit the genomics frontier, in which we use caricatures to illustrate various pitfalls that can beset those who inhabit this new territory. By documenting the behaviors of these common types, we hope to guide researchers in their quest to apply sound practices when designing genomics experiments and analyzing …

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Collisional Dynamic Elements Of The Pyrazine - N2o System:Middle And Low J States, La Moyne Tyler Mix Jan 2014

Collisional Dynamic Elements Of The Pyrazine - N2o System:Middle And Low J States, La Moyne Tyler Mix

Theses and Dissertations

Unimolecular reactions based on the Lindemann - Hinchelwood mechanism are important to understanding combustion and atmospheric processes. The main feature of this mechanism is the energy transfer probability distribution function, P(E',E). We have chosen to study P(E',E) through gas phase collisional dynamics probed with IR transient absorption spectroscopy. Post-collision absorption line widths for the pyrazine-N2O system are used to calculate lab frame translational temperatures. The translational temperatures reveal that collisions with large rotational energy transfer also transfer large amounts of translational energy. For J states >47 the relationship is linear indicating a constant impact parameter. Line widths for J=47 through …

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