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Growth Rates Of The Mediterranean Gecko, Hemidactylus Turcicus, In Southwestern Louisiana, Mark A. Paulissen, Harry A. Meyer, Tabatha S. Hibbs May 2014

Growth Rates Of The Mediterranean Gecko, Hemidactylus Turcicus, In Southwestern Louisiana, Mark A. Paulissen, Harry A. Meyer, Tabatha S. Hibbs

Western North American Naturalist

We captured and marked Mediterranean geckos, Hemidactylus turcicus, occupying a one-story building in southwestern Louisiana in 1999–2000 and 2002–2005 and calculated 2 estimates of growth rate: length growth rate (difference in snout–vent length [SVL] between captures divided by time between captures) and mass growth rate (difference in gecko mass between captures divided by time between captures). Both length growth rate and mass growth rate were significantly negatively correlated with gecko snout–vent length. When data from all years were combined, adult female geckos showed greater mean length growth rates and mean mass growth rates than males, but the trend was not …

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Diet Of A Cryptic But Widespread Invader, The Oriental Weatherfish (Misgurnus Anguillicaudatus) In Idaho, Usa, Alexander N. Urquhart, Peter Koetsier May 2014

Diet Of A Cryptic But Widespread Invader, The Oriental Weatherfish (Misgurnus Anguillicaudatus) In Idaho, Usa, Alexander N. Urquhart, Peter Koetsier

Western North American Naturalist

The oriental weatherfish (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) is invasive to 13 U.S. states and at least 9 other countries. Although this cryptic fish species is widespread, very little is known regarding its ecology. We used baited minnow traps to collect 237 individuals from water bodies connected to the Boise River, Idaho. To determine the diet of the fish within this invasive population, we dissected and examined stomach contents of the sampled fish. Most of the stomachs (158 of 237) were empty, and 42 contained only the trap bait. However, 37 contained natural food items. Gravimetric analysis, frequency of occurrence, and …

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Diet Of The Exotic American Bullfrog, Lithobates Catesbeianus, In A Stream Of Northwestern Baja California, Mexico, Liliana Ortíz-Serrato, Gorgonio Ruiz-Campos, Jorge H. Valdez-Villavicencio May 2014

Diet Of The Exotic American Bullfrog, Lithobates Catesbeianus, In A Stream Of Northwestern Baja California, Mexico, Liliana Ortíz-Serrato, Gorgonio Ruiz-Campos, Jorge H. Valdez-Villavicencio

Western North American Naturalist

We studied the diet of the exotic American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) in Arroyo San Carlos, located in northwestern Baja California, Mexico, during spring and summer 2009. Analysis of 64 stomach contents revealed 15 prey types, of which the exotic red crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) and terrestrial isopods (Armadillidiidae) were the most significant items (according to an index of their relative importance), making up 64% and 31% of the bullfrog’s diet, respectively. Diet differed between the sexes, with red crayfish eaten more frequently by males (84%) than females (69%). Bullfrog diet changed with body size, with smaller individuals …

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Investigation Of Factors Affecting Black-Footed Ferret Litter Size, Christopher R. Ayers, Jerrold L. Belant, David A. Eads, David S. Jachowski, Joshua J. Millspaugh May 2014

Investigation Of Factors Affecting Black-Footed Ferret Litter Size, Christopher R. Ayers, Jerrold L. Belant, David A. Eads, David S. Jachowski, Joshua J. Millspaugh

Western North American Naturalist

Understanding factors that influence recruitment can improve wildlife conservation. Endangered black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) rely on prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) for food and on prairie dog burrows for shelter. We hypothesized that younger female ferrets with greater densities of prairie dogs in their core use area and fewer adult ferrets in their respective prairie dog colony, would produce more kits due to age-dependent productivity, increased food resources, and decreased competition. We used generalized linear mixed-effects regression and Akaike’s information criterion adjusted for sample size (AICc) to rank models relating adult female black-footed ferret litter size …

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The Influence Of Breeding Experience On Nest Success In Red-Winged Blackbird, George M. Linz, Richard S. Sawin, Mark W. Lutman May 2014

The Influence Of Breeding Experience On Nest Success In Red-Winged Blackbird, George M. Linz, Richard S. Sawin, Mark W. Lutman

Western North American Naturalist

The Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) is a polygynous species, and females are typically responsible for the majority of parental care. Despite their limited involvement, males can contribute to reproduction through nest defense and the feeding of nestlings. Some aspects of nest defense may be learned, and older males are more likely to feed young, suggesting that males with previous breeding experience may enjoy higher nest success than their naïve counterparts. We manipulated territory ownership on 10 wetlands in central North Dakota in order to examine the influence of breeding experience on reproductive success. We found no evidence that …

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Cave-Dwelling Arthropods And Vertebrates Of North Rim Grand Canyon, With Notes On Ecology And Management, J. Judson Wynne, Kyle D. Voyles May 2014

Cave-Dwelling Arthropods And Vertebrates Of North Rim Grand Canyon, With Notes On Ecology And Management, J. Judson Wynne, Kyle D. Voyles

Western North American Naturalist

Prior to this study, there was no information on arthropods, bats, and other vertebrates of caves in northwesternmost Arizona. Based on invertebrate and vertebrate inventory work conducted during 2005 and 2006, we provide future directions for conservation and management for caves on Grand Canyon–Parashant National Monument, northwestern Arizona. Baseline investigations to find and identify arthropods, bats, and other vertebrates were conducted at 7 of the largest known caves on the monument. We identified 52 morphospecies including 44 arthropods, 4 bats, and 4 other vertebrates. Of the cave-dwelling arthropods, we found 10 eisodophiles, 6 troglophiles, 8 questionable troglophiles, 7 trogloxenes, 8 …

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New Species And Records Of Chihuahuan Desert Springsnails, With A New Combination For Tryonia Brunei, Robert Hershler, J. Jerry Landye, Hsiu-Ping Liu, Mauricio De La Maza–Benignos, Pavel Ornelas, Evan W. Carson May 2014

New Species And Records Of Chihuahuan Desert Springsnails, With A New Combination For Tryonia Brunei, Robert Hershler, J. Jerry Landye, Hsiu-Ping Liu, Mauricio De La Maza–Benignos, Pavel Ornelas, Evan W. Carson

Western North American Naturalist

This is the last in a series of papers clarifying the taxonomy of a critically imperiled assemblage of cochliopid gastropods (Tryonia sensu lato) that inhibit thermal springs in the Chihuahuan Desert (Mexico and United States). We describe 2 new narrowly endemic species of Tryonia from Chihuahua, both of which appear to have been recently extirpated, and we provide new records for 4 congeners (also from Chihuahua) and for a species of Pseudotryonia (from Durango). The 2 new species of Tryonia differ from closely similar regional congeners in shell and penial characters. On the basis of new anatomical data, we …

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Ecological Adaptation Of The Endemic Shepherdia Rotundifolia To Conditions In Its Colorado Plateau Range, Chalita Sriladda, Roger Kjelgren, Heidi Kratsch, Thomas Monaco, Steven Larson, Fenann Shen May 2014

Ecological Adaptation Of The Endemic Shepherdia Rotundifolia To Conditions In Its Colorado Plateau Range, Chalita Sriladda, Roger Kjelgren, Heidi Kratsch, Thomas Monaco, Steven Larson, Fenann Shen

Western North American Naturalist

Due to limited water supplies, use of drought-tolerant species to conserve water in irrigated urban landscapes is increasingly important in the Intermountain West. The Colorado Plateau endemic shrub Shepherdia rotundifolia Parry is a potential candidate for use in sustainable urban low-water landscapes (LWLs) for its aesthetic and drought-tolerant qualities. However, the species is difficult to establish in urban landscapes of different fertility and water availability than found in regional native habitats. A better understanding of environmental and genetic constraints, as well as morphological adaptation in native habitats, may facilitate greater use of S. rotundifolia in LWLs. The goal of this …

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Presence Of The Exotic Weevil (Rhinocyllus Conicus Fröelich) At High Elevations In The Rocky Mountains Of Colorado, Julia J. Hicks, Susan W. Beatty, Timothy R. Seastedt May 2014

Presence Of The Exotic Weevil (Rhinocyllus Conicus Fröelich) At High Elevations In The Rocky Mountains Of Colorado, Julia J. Hicks, Susan W. Beatty, Timothy R. Seastedt

Western North American Naturalist

We examined the presence of the exotic weevil Rhinocyllus conicus Fröelich on native thistles at high elevations in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. We tested whether the distribution of R. conicus was related to elevation by performing 2 separate studies. First, transects along an elevation gradient were sampled in Rocky Mountain National Park and presence/absence of R. conicus was scored to infer relationships between environmental variables and weevil occurrence. Second, an experiment was conducted on Niwot Ridge to determine whether weevils were able to complete their reproductive cycle and overwinter at an elevation where they do not currently exist. Results …

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Within-Season Nest Reuse By Mountain Plovers (Charadrius Montanus) In Eastern Colorado, Lani T. Stinson, Victoria J. Dreitz May 2014

Within-Season Nest Reuse By Mountain Plovers (Charadrius Montanus) In Eastern Colorado, Lani T. Stinson, Victoria J. Dreitz

Western North American Naturalist

The Mountain Plover (Charadrius montanus) is a declining migratory shorebird that nests on shortgrass prairies across the western Great Plains. This ground-nesting species exhibits an uncommon split-clutch mating system, in which each member of a pair simultaneously incubates a nest and uniparental care continues throughout brood-rearing. We report on an observation of within-season nest reuse in this species. To our knowledge, this report includes the first documented occurrence of 2 different Mountain Plovers using the same nest cup in the same breeding season. Nest reuse could represent a time- and energy-saving strategy for renesting individuals.


El chorlo llanero …

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Apparent Adoption Of Orphaned Cougars (Puma Concolor) In Northwestern Wyoming, Travis D. Bartnick, Marilyn Cuthill, Derek Craighead, Howard B. Quigley May 2014

Apparent Adoption Of Orphaned Cougars (Puma Concolor) In Northwestern Wyoming, Travis D. Bartnick, Marilyn Cuthill, Derek Craighead, Howard B. Quigley

Western North American Naturalist

Cougars (Puma concolor) are widely distributed throughout the western portion of North America and are generally described as solitary carnivores. Most cougar social interactions have been described as instances of parental care, intraspecific strife, or breeding. We report an apparent case of an adoption of orphaned juveniles in a wild cougar population. We used radiotelemetry and direct visual observations to document an adult female, her 3 dependent offspring, and 2 orphaned juvenile males physically interacting, sharing bed sites, and sharing kills in the late winter of 2007/2008. We consider the potential benefits and/or negative effects of these social …

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A Distinctive New Taxon: Gilia Karenae (Polemonaceae), Stanley L. Welsh, Ronald Kass May 2014

A Distinctive New Taxon: Gilia Karenae (Polemonaceae), Stanley L. Welsh, Ronald Kass

Western North American Naturalist

Described is Gilia karenae Kass & S.L. Welsh from Emery County, Utah.


Se describe a Gilia karenae Kass & S.L. Welsh del condado de Emery, Utah.

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The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants Of California Edited By B.G. Baldwin, D.H. Goldman, D.J. Keil, R. Patterson, T.J. Rosatti, And D.H. Wilken, Christopher M. Moore May 2014

The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants Of California Edited By B.G. Baldwin, D.H. Goldman, D.J. Keil, R. Patterson, T.J. Rosatti, And D.H. Wilken, Christopher M. Moore

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Front Matter, Vol. 74 No. 1 May 2014

Front Matter, Vol. 74 No. 1

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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End Matter, Vol. 74 No. 1 May 2014

End Matter, Vol. 74 No. 1

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Constructive Vs. Destructive Anger: A Model And Three Pathways For The Expression Of Anger, Kierea Chanelle Meloy May 2014

Constructive Vs. Destructive Anger: A Model And Three Pathways For The Expression Of Anger, Kierea Chanelle Meloy

Theses and Dissertations

Anger is a significant human emotion, the management of which has far reaching implications for individual and relationship well-being. Yet there is a deficit in the clinical literature regarding the best ways to conceptualize and respond to anger (Saini, 2009). We offer a model of anger which therapists can use to help discriminate healing from harmful manifestations of anger, and which therapists can use in developing interventions for reshaping destructive anger toward constructive anger. We are specifically addressing anger in response to offense, or transactional anger which arises at points of friction in the interface between two people in a …

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Reducing Infant Mortality To Reach Millennium Development Goal 4, Hayley Marie Pierce May 2014

Reducing Infant Mortality To Reach Millennium Development Goal 4, Hayley Marie Pierce

Theses and Dissertations

The World Health Organization (WHO) found that 6.6 million children under five died in 2012 (WHO 2013). Almost half of all of these child deaths take place in the first month of life, and 75% of all under five deaths occur within the child's first year of life (WHO 2013). The aim of this study is to compare the most influential factors that decrease infant and neonatal mortality in order to find where policy makers, governments, and international organizations need to focus their efforts in order to get all countries on track for Millennium Development Goal 4 to reduce child …

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Characterization Of Secondhand Smoke (Shs) And Materno-Fetal Interactions In Receptors For Advanced Glycation End-Products (Rage)-Targeted Mice, Duane Ray Winden May 2014

Characterization Of Secondhand Smoke (Shs) And Materno-Fetal Interactions In Receptors For Advanced Glycation End-Products (Rage)-Targeted Mice, Duane Ray Winden

Theses and Dissertations

Receptors for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) are pattern recognition receptors of the immunoglobulin superfamily highly expressed in the lung. Likely functions include the modulation of pulmonary inflammation during disease. However, the contributions of RAGE in the developing lung in cases where secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure occurs are unknown. In order to test the hypothesis that RAGE misexpression adversely affects lung morphogenesis, we exposed gestating dams to a controlled dose of SHS during the last four critical days of in utero lung morphogenesis. We discovered that both maternal and fetal lungs respond to SHS by up-regulating RAGE. Exposed fetuses were markedly …

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Genomic Classification Of The Ras Network Identifies A Personalized Treatment Strategy For Lung Cancer, Nader N. El-Chaar, Stephen R. Piccolo, Kenneth M. Boucher, Adam L. Cohen, Jeffrey T. Chang, Philip J. Moos, Andrea H. Bild May 2014

Genomic Classification Of The Ras Network Identifies A Personalized Treatment Strategy For Lung Cancer, Nader N. El-Chaar, Stephen R. Piccolo, Kenneth M. Boucher, Adam L. Cohen, Jeffrey T. Chang, Philip J. Moos, Andrea H. Bild

Faculty Publications

Better approaches are needed to evaluate a single patient's drug response at the genomic level. Targeted therapy for signaling pathways in cancer has met limited success in part due to the exceedingly interwoven nature of the pathways. In particular, the highly complex RAS network has been challenging to target. Effectively targeting the pathway requires development of techniques that measure global network activity to account for pathway complexity. For this purpose, we used a gene-expression-based biomarker for RAS network activity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, and screened for drugs whose efficacy was significantly highly correlated to RAS network activity. …

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Signal-To-Noise Measurements And Particle Focusing In Liquid-Core Waveguides, Michael A. Olson May 2014

Signal-To-Noise Measurements And Particle Focusing In Liquid-Core Waveguides, Michael A. Olson

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis presents an analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio in liquid core anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROWs) and the application of hydrodynamic focusing to the waveguides. These concepts are presented as a method to improve the detection capabilities of the ARROW platform. The improvements are specifically targeted at achieving single molecule detection (SMD) with the devices. To analyze the SNR of the waveguides a test platform was designed and fabricated. This test platform was then used to examine relationship between the SNR and the location of the excitation region. It was determined that the excitation region should be moved closer …

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Design And Experimental Testing Of Nanoinjection Protocols For Delivering Molecules Into Hela Cells With A Bio-Mems Device, Zachary Kendall Lindstrom May 2014

Design And Experimental Testing Of Nanoinjection Protocols For Delivering Molecules Into Hela Cells With A Bio-Mems Device, Zachary Kendall Lindstrom

Theses and Dissertations

Delivering foreign molecules into living cells is a broad and ongoing area of research. Gene therapy, or delivering nucleic acids into cells via non-viral or viral pathways, is an especially promising area for pharmaceutics. All gene therapy methods have their respective advantages and disadvantages, including limited delivery efficiency and low viability. Nanoinjection, or delivering molecules into cells using a solid lance, has proven to be highly efficient while maintaining high viability levels. In this thesis, an array of solid silicon lances was tested by nanoinjecting tens of thousands of HeLa cancer cells simultaneously. Several molecule types were injected in different …

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A School-Based Intervention’S Impact On Children’S Knowledge And Self-Efficacy Related To Physical Activity And Nutrition: A Pilot Study, Katherine Turley Jenkins May 2014

A School-Based Intervention’S Impact On Children’S Knowledge And Self-Efficacy Related To Physical Activity And Nutrition: A Pilot Study, Katherine Turley Jenkins

Theses and Dissertations

Childhood obesity has become epidemic in the United States. One of the best places to combat this problem is within the school system. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in exercise self-efficacy, science interest, and science knowledge of children who participated in a school-based anatomy and healthy lifestyle intervention called Anatomy Academy. In this pilot study, 212 study participants were recruited from 5th and 6th grade children enrolled in one of three charter schools who participated in our 7-week intervention, Anatomy Academy. Children completed four questionnaires pre and post intervention: (1) a science knowledge questionnaire, (2) a …

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Synaptic Plasticity In Gabaergic Inhibition Of Vta Neurons, Jennifer Kei Mabey May 2014

Synaptic Plasticity In Gabaergic Inhibition Of Vta Neurons, Jennifer Kei Mabey

Theses and Dissertations

Past research has demonstrated that the motivational effects of opiates causes a change in ventral tegmental area (VTA) γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) subtype A receptor [GABA(A)R] complexes in opiate-dependent animals, which switch from a GABA-induced hyperpolarization of VTA GABA neurons to a GABA-induced depolarization. Previously shown in naïve animals, superfusion of ethanol (IC50 = 30 mM) and the GABA(A)R agonist muscimol (IC50 = 100 nM) decreased VTA GABA neuron firing rate in a dose-dependent manner. The aim of this study was to evaluate VTA GABA neuron excitability, GABA synaptic transmission to VTA GABA neurons, and a potential switch in GABA(A)R …

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Elucidation And Improvement Of Algorithms For Mass Spectrometry Isotope Trace Detection, Robert Anthony Smith May 2014

Elucidation And Improvement Of Algorithms For Mass Spectrometry Isotope Trace Detection, Robert Anthony Smith

Theses and Dissertations

Mass spectrometry facilitates cutting edge advancements in many fields. Although instrumentation has advanced dramatically in the last 100 years, data processing algorithms have not kept pace. Without sensitive and accurate signal segmentation algorithms, the utility of mass spectrometry is limited. In this dissertation, we provide an overview and analysis of mass spectrometry data processing. A tutorial to ease the learning curve for those outside the field is provided. We draw attention to the lack of critical evaluation in the field and describe the resulting effects, including a glut of algorithm contributions of questionable novel contribution. To facilitate increased critical evaluation, …

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Characterization Of Cretaceous Chalk Microporosity Related To Depositional Texture: Based Upon Study Of The Upper Cretaceous Niobrara Formation, Denver-Julesburg Basin, Colorado And Wyoming, P D. Pahnke May 2014

Characterization Of Cretaceous Chalk Microporosity Related To Depositional Texture: Based Upon Study Of The Upper Cretaceous Niobrara Formation, Denver-Julesburg Basin, Colorado And Wyoming, P D. Pahnke

Theses and Dissertations

Prompted by increased interest in understanding microporosity, recent efforts at describing and classifying pore types in mudstones have focused primarily on siliceous, gas producing unconventional reservoirs with little attention being paid to carbonate, mixed oil-and-gas producers. The Niobrara Formation in the Denver-Julesburg Basin is a self-sourced resource play producing oil and natural gas from low permeability chalks. Key reservoir lithologies consist of chalk, chalky marl and marl. These lithologies contain flattened chalk fecal pellets which play a significant role in providing porosity. Integration of depositional fabric with pore-type distribution emphasizes the unique textural and depositional nature of chalk and provides …

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An Experimental Study Of Bio-Inspired Force Generation By Unsteady Flow Features, Wesley N. Fassmann May 2014

An Experimental Study Of Bio-Inspired Force Generation By Unsteady Flow Features, Wesley N. Fassmann

Theses and Dissertations

As the understanding of the workings of the biological world expands, biomimetic designs increasingly move into the focus of engineering research studies. For this thesis, two studiesinvolving leading edge vortex generation for lift production as observed in nature were explored intheir respective flow regimes. The first study focused on the steady state analysis of streamwise vortices generated byleading edge tubercles of an adult humpback whale flipper. A realistic scaled model of a humpbackflipper was fabricated based on the 3D reconstruction from a sequence of 18 images taken whilecircumscribing an excised flipper of a beached humpback whale. Two complementary modelswith smooth …

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Cloning The Ultrabithorax Gene In Tribolium Castaneum, Kara I. Ludlow, Dr. Randy Bennett Apr 2014

Cloning The Ultrabithorax Gene In Tribolium Castaneum, Kara I. Ludlow, Dr. Randy Bennett

Journal of Undergraduate Research

My original proposal was to clone the extradenticle gene in Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle); however, I worked in conjunction with Laura Newell who received an ORCA grant to work with Dr. Bennett cloning the Ultrabithorax gene of the red flour beetle. To further previous research, it was determined that the Ultrabithorax gene needed to be cloned first, so Laura and I worked on that project together. Due to complications and unexpected delays, we were only able to finish cloning the Ultrabithorax gene of the beetle and did not have time to clone the extradenticle gene, as well.

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Healthy Transitions To Family Formation, Erin Kramer Holmes, Geoffrey Brown, Kevin Shafer, Nate Stoddard Apr 2014

Healthy Transitions To Family Formation, Erin Kramer Holmes, Geoffrey Brown, Kevin Shafer, Nate Stoddard

Faculty Publications

Current demographic trends in the United States suggest that emerging adults delay marriage (Vespa, 2014), nonmarital cohabitation is the norm among this age group (National Marriage Project, 2012), and premarital sex—including noncommitted hooking up (Garcia, Reiber, Massey, & Merriwether, 2012)—is widely accepted (Pew Research Center, 2014). These trends collide with consistently high divorce rates (Amato, 2010; Cherlin, 2010), where up to one-third of emerging adults grow up in stepfamilies (Copen, Daniels, Vespa, & Mosher, 2012). Aside from high divorce rates, the United States is experiencing what some demogra- phers term “the great crossover,” whereby unmarried parenthood is overtaking married parenthood …

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Knockout Nbmp2 Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast Cell Line, Josh Yates, Dr. Laura Bridgewater Apr 2014

Knockout Nbmp2 Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast Cell Line, Josh Yates, Dr. Laura Bridgewater

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) contribute to many different aspects of development including mesoderm formation, heart development, neurogenesis, skeletal development, and axis formation. They have previously been recognized only as secreted growth factors. Recently, researchers in the Bridgewater lab discovered a nuclear variant of Bone Morphogenic Protein 2 (nBMP2). To better understand the function of nBMP2, our lab generated a mutant mouse line in which nBMP2 is missing from the nucleus. These mice display learning and memory deficits, muscle dysfunction, and abnormal immune responses. In order to validate the mouse model and to study the molecular mechanisms of nBMP2 we have …

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Association Of Rare Genetic Variants To The Development And Progression Of Alzheimer’S Disease, Cameron Schmutz, Dr. Keoni Kauwe Apr 2014

Association Of Rare Genetic Variants To The Development And Progression Of Alzheimer’S Disease, Cameron Schmutz, Dr. Keoni Kauwe

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder and is the leading cause of dementia.1,3 It is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States and is the only one that has no adequate prevention or cure. AD is characterized by a progressive loss in cognitive function and memory loss. Neuropathological symptoms include loss of neurons and synapses, extensive accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Alzheimer’s disease has been identified as a proteopathy disease due to the extensive accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.1,2,3 This project focused on the research of a rare genetic variant in …

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