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Optimizing Monitoring Efforts Of Kit Fox (Vulpes Macrotis) In Utah, Kelsey Alina Richards Nov 2017

Optimizing Monitoring Efforts Of Kit Fox (Vulpes Macrotis) In Utah, Kelsey Alina Richards

Theses and Dissertations

The kit fox (Vulpes macrotis) is a species of conservation concern in western North America. Recent methods for monitoring populations of kit fox include using lures and remote cameras in an occupancy-modeling framework and habitat modeling to predict areas of occupancy. In chapter one, we tested the optimal lure and movement procedure for scent stations to maximize visits and detection of foxes, thereby improving estimates of occupancy. Between May 2015 and October 2016, we placed remote cameras at 522 random locations throughout nine study areas in the Colorado Plateau, Great Basin Desert, and Mojave Desert. Each location was …

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Impacts Of A Mixed Ungulate Community On Aspen Forests: From Landscape To Leaf, Aaron C. Rhodes Nov 2017

Impacts Of A Mixed Ungulate Community On Aspen Forests: From Landscape To Leaf, Aaron C. Rhodes

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation explores the differential effects of an ungulate community (cattle, mule deer, and American elk) on aspen (Populus tremuloides) regeneration pre- and post-fire disturbance. It's first chapter examines the differential effects of cattle, mule deer, and American elk on aspen regeneration across variable topography, climate and forest type; aspen dominant to conifer dominant subalpine forests. We found that each ungulate species, if sufficiently numerous, can cause aspen regeneration failure. Also, high elevation, southern aspect and high winter snow pack increase resilience to ungulate herbivory. Chapter two compares the efficacy of four methods of estimating ungulate impact on …

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Pharmaceutical And Natural (Exercise) Mechanisms To Mitigate The Negative Impact Of Ptsd And Chronic Stress On Synaptic Plasticity And Memory, Roxanne M. Miller Nov 2017

Pharmaceutical And Natural (Exercise) Mechanisms To Mitigate The Negative Impact Of Ptsd And Chronic Stress On Synaptic Plasticity And Memory, Roxanne M. Miller

Theses and Dissertations

Synapses can be altered due to experiences in a process called synaptic plasticity, which causes memory formations. Synapses can be strengthened through methods known as long-term potentiation (LTP) or weakened through long-term depression (LTD). Stresses can cause changes by altering synapses through either LTP or LTD. Rats were used to study the effects of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-like symptoms and a prophylactic treatment using pharmaceuticals. The first model used was the single prolonged stress (SPS) with two weeks of chronic light, which was not as effective for causing changes in synaptic plasticity. The second model, seven days of social defeat …

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Screen Violence And Youth Behavior, Craig Anderson, Brad J. Bushman, Bruce D. Bartholow, Joanne Cantor, Dimitri Christakis, Sarah Coyne, Edward Dnonnerstein, Jeanne Funk Brockmyer, Douglas A. Gentile, C. Shawn Green, Rowell Huesmann, Tom Hummer, Barbara Krahé, Victor C. Strasburger, Wayne Warburton, Barbara J. Wilson, Michelle Ybarra Nov 2017

Screen Violence And Youth Behavior, Craig Anderson, Brad J. Bushman, Bruce D. Bartholow, Joanne Cantor, Dimitri Christakis, Sarah Coyne, Edward Dnonnerstein, Jeanne Funk Brockmyer, Douglas A. Gentile, C. Shawn Green, Rowell Huesmann, Tom Hummer, Barbara Krahé, Victor C. Strasburger, Wayne Warburton, Barbara J. Wilson, Michelle Ybarra

Faculty Publications

Violence in screen entertainment media (ie, television, film, video games, and the Internet), defined as depictions of characters (or players) trying to physically harm other characters (or players), is ubiquitous. The Workgroup on Media Violence and Violent Video Games reviewed numerous meta-analyses and other relevant research from the past 60 years, with an emphasis on violent video game research. Consistent with every major science organization review, the Workgroup found compelling evidence of short-term harmful effects, as well as evidence of long-term harmful effects. The vast majority of laboratory-based experimental studies have revealed that violent media exposure causes increased aggressive thoughts, …

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Why Does It Take Two To Tango? Lifetime Fitness Consequences Of Parental Care In A Burying Beetle, Ashlee N. Smith, J. Curtis Creighton, Mark C. Belk Oct 2017

Why Does It Take Two To Tango? Lifetime Fitness Consequences Of Parental Care In A Burying Beetle, Ashlee N. Smith, J. Curtis Creighton, Mark C. Belk

Faculty Publications

In species that require parental care, each parent can either care for their offspring or leave them in the care of the other parent. For each parent this creates three possible parental care strategies: biparental care, uniparental (male or female) care, and uniparental desertion by either the male or female. The burying beetle, Nicrophorus orbicollis, typically exhibits biparental care of offspring, and thus provides a unique system that allows us to compare the fitness benefits of these parental care strategies in an unconfounded way. In this study, we assess the lifetime fitness of biparental care, uniparental care, and uniparental …

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11.1 Oct 2017

11.1

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

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The Importance Of Peer-To-Peer Grooming Among Non-Human Primates Oct 2017

The Importance Of Peer-To-Peer Grooming Among Non-Human Primates

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Among non-human primates, grooming is a common practice. Research has shown that there are many underlying reasons why non-human primates groom. It is not completely altruistic or selfish but is often a resource traded for food, mating access, protection, and other social benefits. It can be used to achieve higher social rank as the bonds formed from grooming help primates climb the social ladder. There are other advantages of grooming, which include increased social bonding, mating access, and offspring support

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Children And Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Developing Role Of Technology In Teaching Communication Skils Oct 2017

Children And Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Developing Role Of Technology In Teaching Communication Skils

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often struggle to learn effective communication skills. Researchers have asserted that the best methods for teaching correct communication skills to these children involve technological tools, such as videos, music, and graphics. Implementing these tools into the public school systems and the homes of children with ASD has been shown to improve their development of communication skills and includes educating teachers and parents about the positive effects that utilizing the tools can bring to the daily lives of children with ASD. When and how to implement these tools may depend on a child's level …

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Perfectionism And Depression In The Development Of Anorexia In Girls Oct 2017

Perfectionism And Depression In The Development Of Anorexia In Girls

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Many factors can play a role in the development of anorexia, including genes, social issues, extreme dieting, stressful life events, personality traits, and cultural influences. However, many studies have found perfectionism and depression to be strongly correlated with the development of eating disorders. In this literature review I critique published findings and consider the limitations of published research on anorexia. I examine certain factors that play a role in the development of anorexia, as well as the relative strength of each factor, with particular attention to the characteristics of perfectionism and depression and how they interact with each other in …

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Iq: Greatly Influenced By Early Family Life Oct 2017

Iq: Greatly Influenced By Early Family Life

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

For many years, psychologists and researchers have been interested in the nature and nurture debate with regards to IQ. Some have claimed that IQ is something that can be passed on through genetics and is an inherited trait. Others have declared that IQ level is not something passed on through genetics, but rather something determined by experiences one has in his or her life. This review was created to discuss how a child's IQ may be affected by early family life, a factor that requires more attention in the literature. This report will discuss how early child-parent experiences, intimate relationships …

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Self-Worth In The Development And Treatment Of Eating Disorders Oct 2017

Self-Worth In The Development And Treatment Of Eating Disorders

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Eating Disorders (EDs) involve a consuming drive for thinness. They cause significant physical and psychosocial impairment. A core commonality between EDs is the overvaluation of body weight and shape as a measure of selfworth. The purpose of this paper is to review the importance of self-worth perception in the development and treatment of EDs in women and girls. Women and girls with EDs tend to believe their worth comes from body weight and shape, as opposed to intrinsic sources. Self-worth can interact with other factors such as relationships, body dissatisfaction, and perfectionism in ED development. A major goal of treatment …

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Front Matter, Vol. 77 No. 3 Oct 2017

Front Matter, Vol. 77 No. 3

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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End Matter, Vol. 77 No. 3 Oct 2017

End Matter, Vol. 77 No. 3

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Reproductive Strategies Matter For Rare Plant Conservation: Pollination, Phenology, And Mating In An Endemic Plant Of The Sky Islands Of Arizona, Erigeron Lemmonii A. Gray (Lemmon's Fleabane) (Asteraceae), Pamela Bailey, Peter Kevan Oct 2017

Reproductive Strategies Matter For Rare Plant Conservation: Pollination, Phenology, And Mating In An Endemic Plant Of The Sky Islands Of Arizona, Erigeron Lemmonii A. Gray (Lemmon's Fleabane) (Asteraceae), Pamela Bailey, Peter Kevan

Western North American Naturalist

Erigeron lemmonii A. Gray is extremely rare, but not endangered. There are fewer than 1000 individuals, but they compose an apparently stable, heterozygotic, diploid (2n = 18) population. The plants are perennial and endemic to one small location (about 0.5 km2) in Scheelite Canyon, Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), Fort Huachuca Army Base, part of the Sky Island region, Arizona. Erigeron lemmonii grows from crevices in cliffs, ledges, and rock faces where it can form mats by spreading vegetatively from the roots as they proliferate, especially in microsites where soil accumulates. Our goals were to (1) investigate floral anatomy for reproductive …

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Discovery Of Yellow-Bellied Marmots In The Pilot Range: Implications For Species Distribution Models In The Great Basin, Chris H. Floyd Oct 2017

Discovery Of Yellow-Bellied Marmots In The Pilot Range: Implications For Species Distribution Models In The Great Basin, Chris H. Floyd

Western North American Naturalist

The array of island-like mountains that characterizes the Great Basin has long been a model system for studying the effects of past and present climate change on distributions of montane mammals. One of the smallest of these mountains is the Pilot Range (Nevada/Utah). This range has relatively few species of montane mammals, presumably because of its small size and the fact that it was isolated by the waters of Lake Bonneville during much of Pleistocene. One of the species previously assumed to be absent in the Pilot Range is the yellow-bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventris). On 23 May 2016, …

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The Restored Gospel In Psychology Oct 2017

The Restored Gospel In Psychology

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Theism is largely absent from contemporary psychology (Slife & Whoolery, 2006). The root assumptions ,f control predictability, biological determinism, and moral relativism inherent in many dominant psychological theories (Slife & Williams, 1995) and contradict knowledge provided by the Gospel of Jesus Christ. It is impossible to fully incorporate Gospel doctrines into psychology while operating under these assumptions. Such truths cannot be added onto methods and theories that inherently oppose them. Thus, to be a theist in contemporary psychology, changes must be made at the very basic conceptions of human nature and behavior (Slife & Whoolery, 2006). Prerequisite to any psychological …

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Winter Ecology And Spring Dispersal Of Common Ravens In Wyoming, Luke W. Peebles, Michael R. Conover Oct 2017

Winter Ecology And Spring Dispersal Of Common Ravens In Wyoming, Luke W. Peebles, Michael R. Conover

Western North American Naturalist

Numbers of Common Ravens (Corvus corax) have increased in western North America, and these high abundances are the source of problems throughout the species’ range. Little is known about the winter ecology of ravens. We studied a population of ravens in Wyoming during the winters of 2013–2015; our goals were to examine use of landfills for foraging and use of anthropogenic structures for roosting, as well as dispersal patterns of ravens from these landfills in the spring. On average, 22% of radio-marked ravens foraged at landfills on a given day and 68% roosted at anthropogenic sites (e.g. on …

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Effects Of Ponderosa Pine Forest Restoration On Habitat For Bats, Shelly A. Johnson, Carol L. Chambers Oct 2017

Effects Of Ponderosa Pine Forest Restoration On Habitat For Bats, Shelly A. Johnson, Carol L. Chambers

Western North American Naturalist

Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests in the southwestern United States, used by 16 species of bats, are managed with thinning and prescribed fire to restore tree densities and fire regimes to conditions that existed prior to Euro-American settlement. Using 2 approaches (roosting and foraging) to categorize forest habitat for bats, we evaluated how restoration treatments may affect habitat use. We hypothesized that more foraging activity would occur in thinned stands because more species are adapted to open forest, but that more roosts would occur in unthinned stands where snags were unaffected by mechanical treatments and prescribed fire. During …

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Taxonomic And Compositional Differences Of Ground-Dwelling Arthropods In Riparian Habitats In Glen Canyon, Arizona, Usa, Barbara E. Ralston, Neil S. Cobb, Sandra L. Brantley, Jacob Higgins, Charles B. Yackulic Oct 2017

Taxonomic And Compositional Differences Of Ground-Dwelling Arthropods In Riparian Habitats In Glen Canyon, Arizona, Usa, Barbara E. Ralston, Neil S. Cobb, Sandra L. Brantley, Jacob Higgins, Charles B. Yackulic

Western North American Naturalist

The disturbance history, plant species composition, productivity, and structural complexity of a site can exert bottom-up controls on arthropod diversity, abundance, and trophic structure. Regulation alters the hydrology and disturbance regimes of rivers and affects riparian habitats by changing plant quality parameters. Fifty years of regulation along the Colorado River downstream of Glen Canyon Dam has created a no-analog, postdam “lower” riparian zone close to the water’s edge that includes tamarisk (Tamarix sp.), a nonnative riparian shrub. At the same time, the predam “upper” facultative riparian zone has persisted several meters above the current flood stage. In summer 2009, …

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Discrete Pre-Processing Step Effects In Registration-Based Pipelines, A Preliminary Volumetric Study On T1-Weighted Images, Nathan M. Muncy, Ariana M. Hedges-Muncy, C. Brock Kirwan Oct 2017

Discrete Pre-Processing Step Effects In Registration-Based Pipelines, A Preliminary Volumetric Study On T1-Weighted Images, Nathan M. Muncy, Ariana M. Hedges-Muncy, C. Brock Kirwan

Faculty Publications

Pre-processing MRI scans prior to performing volumetric analyses is common practice in MRI studies. As pre-processing steps adjust the voxel intensities, the space in which the scan exists, and the amount of data in the scan, it is possible that the steps have an effect on the volumetric output. To date, studies have compared between and not within pipelines, and so the impact of each step is unknown. This study aims to quantify the effects of preprocessing steps on volumetric measures in T1-weighted scans within a single pipeline. It was our hypothesis that pre-processing steps would significantly impact ROI volume …

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12.1 Complete Oct 2017

12.1 Complete

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

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Influence Of Mothers On The Development Of Body Dissatisfaction In Daughters Oct 2017

Influence Of Mothers On The Development Of Body Dissatisfaction In Daughters

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Feelings of body dissatisfaction in young women are becoming ever more prevalent. Body dissatisfaction can lead to shame, hinder personal relation- ships, and distract women (ranging from pre-adolescence to early adulthood) from educational, career, or creative pursuits. Mothers are some of the biggest influencers in the development of body dissatisfaction in young adult women. A daughter’s development of body dissatisfaction can be influenced by their mother through direct interactions, indirect interactions, and the emotional quality of the mother-daughter relationship. Direct mother-daughter interactions can negatively influence daughters’ body dissatisfaction through maternal criticism and encouragement to lose weight (Sniezek, 2006; Taniguchi & …

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The Influence Of Group Dynamics On Eating Disorders Oct 2017

The Influence Of Group Dynamics On Eating Disorders

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Eating disorders can have a devastating effect on individuals both physically and psychologically. For this reason, it is important to under- stand diverse factors, including group dynamics, that affect the development of eating disorders. I examined the influence of group dynamics on whether eating disorders are viewed as acceptable. Further understanding of social influence may enhance the prevention of eating disorders.

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The Use Of Ect As A Standard Treatment For Mdd, George Major Oct 2017

The Use Of Ect As A Standard Treatment For Mdd, George Major

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

The arsenal of effective, standardized treatment options for major depressive disorder (MDD) is shockingly low considering one in three individuals in the Unit- ed States will experience clinical depression during their lifetime (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). MDD is usually limited to drug therapy and cognitive therapy, and alternative treatment methods are often disregarded as ineffective or unethical. This review explores the possibility of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) as an alternative standard treatment for MDD. ECT has been used for decades for the treatment of mood disorders, but only recently has the medical community begun to understand how ECT affects the brain. …

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Autonomy-Supportive Teaching And Student Motivation: A Closer Look At Applied Montessori Theory Oct 2017

Autonomy-Supportive Teaching And Student Motivation: A Closer Look At Applied Montessori Theory

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

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Human Body Theater, Katelyn Osborn Oct 2017

Human Body Theater, Katelyn Osborn

Children's Book and Media Review

Have you ever wondered why you have to get shots at the doctor’s office? Or why your friend is allergic to peanuts but you aren’t? How about what happens when you break your arm? What about how your heart works? Luckily, kids and preteens have a great resource in Maris Wicks’s Human Body Theater. The book is presented as a comic book style “nonfiction revue” where each chapter dives deeper into a body system or organ, presented by a personable skeleton. Topics covered include the skeletal, muscular, respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, excretory, endocrine, reproductive, immune, and nervous system; as well as …

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Aberrant Plant Diversity In The Purgatory Watershed Of Southeastern Colorado And Northeastern New Mexico, Joseph A. Kleinkopf, Dina A. Clark, Erin A. Tripp Oct 2017

Aberrant Plant Diversity In The Purgatory Watershed Of Southeastern Colorado And Northeastern New Mexico, Joseph A. Kleinkopf, Dina A. Clark, Erin A. Tripp

Western North American Naturalist

Despite a dearth of biological study in the area, the Purgatory Watershed concentrated in southeastern Colorado and northeastern New Mexico is home to a number of unique land formations and endemic organisms. At onetime nonarable land where Dust Bowl storms of the 1930s originated, the Purgatory Watershed is presently home to the Comanche National Grasslands, the Picketwire Canyonlands, and the expansive Piñon Canyon Maneuver Site. The Purgatory Watershed is composed of deep canyons, eroded mesas, and extensive intact shortgrass plains, and is located at a crossroads of the biodiversity of the Southern Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, and Chihuahuan Desert. Here …

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Design And Evaluation Of A Cmos Contact-Imaging System For Microfluidics, Andres Moroni Galan Cherrez Oct 2017

Design And Evaluation Of A Cmos Contact-Imaging System For Microfluidics, Andres Moroni Galan Cherrez

Theses and Dissertations

A CMOS contact-imaging system for microfluidics is presented. The microsystem integrates a five-layer PDMS microfluidic network and a CMOS image sensor fabricated in a standard 0.18 µ­m technology. The CMOS image sensor consists of two 10×1-pixel array, an amplifier, and a control logic. The imager is able to achieve a low dark signal of 1.67 mV/s, a maximum integration time of 514 s, and a high dynamic range of 75.2 dB at 1 s integration time. The microfluidic device integrates several actuated valve to achieve a fully automated lab-on-a-chip. This work also presents a quantitative comparison of the photomultiplier tube …

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The Effects Of Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, And Atherosclerosison Fluid Flow In The Lumbar Intervertebral Disc, Jennifer Ann Bowden Oct 2017

The Effects Of Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, And Atherosclerosison Fluid Flow In The Lumbar Intervertebral Disc, Jennifer Ann Bowden

Theses and Dissertations

Physical activity impacts health and disease in multiple body tissues including the intervertebral discs. Fluid flow within the disc is an indicator of disc health that can be observed using diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging. We monitored activity levels of 26 participants, age 35 to 55 yrs, using Actigraph accelerometers for four days to evaluate vigorous-intensity activity, moderate to vigorous-intensity activity, and sedentary time. Participants underwent structural and diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate intervertebral disc health and fluid flow. They also underwent bone density scans, carotid artery ultrasounds, a treadmill test, and a physical exam for pain, range …

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Range Extension Of The Northern Naked-Tailed Armadillo (Cabassous Centralis) In Southern Mexico, Rugieri Juárez-López, Mariana Pérez-López, Yaribeth Bravata-De La Cruz, Alejandro Jesús-De La Cruz, Fernando M. Contreras-Moreno, Daniel Thornton, Mircea G. Hidalgo-Mihart Sep 2017

Range Extension Of The Northern Naked-Tailed Armadillo (Cabassous Centralis) In Southern Mexico, Rugieri Juárez-López, Mariana Pérez-López, Yaribeth Bravata-De La Cruz, Alejandro Jesús-De La Cruz, Fernando M. Contreras-Moreno, Daniel Thornton, Mircea G. Hidalgo-Mihart

Western North American Naturalist

The northern naked-tailed armadillo (Cabassous centralis) is one of the least known armadillo species. Due to its restricted distribution in Mexico and the few known records of the species, the northern naked-tailed armadillo is considered endangered by Mexican law. Using camera traps, we obtained a new record in Portaceli, Chiapas, an area where the species was not previously recorded. The record was located 75 km north of the previously known range of the species in Mexico, and thus constitutes a range expansion of the species in the country. This record suggests that the species could be present in …

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