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Adolescent Depressive Symptomology: Do Siblings Hurt Or Help?, Jared D. Thorpe Jun 2020

Adolescent Depressive Symptomology: Do Siblings Hurt Or Help?, Jared D. Thorpe

Theses and Dissertations

Adolescents in the United States are currently experiencing a mental health crisis. While evidence shows that parents play an important role in shaping the mental health of youth, little has been done to understand how siblings may contribute to the psychological well-being of adolescents. I examine this association through the lenses of social capital and resource dilution perspectives. Social capital theory suggests that siblings may act as an additional source of resources, such as social support, which promote positive mental health. In contrast, resource dilution theory posits that the presence of siblings decreases the availability of parental resource in a …


Isothermal Inactivation Of Salmonella, Listeria Monocytogenes, And Enterococcus Faecium Nrrl-B 2354 In Peanut Butter, Powder Infant Formula, And Wheat Flour, Adam Robert Quinn Jun 2020

Isothermal Inactivation Of Salmonella, Listeria Monocytogenes, And Enterococcus Faecium Nrrl-B 2354 In Peanut Butter, Powder Infant Formula, And Wheat Flour, Adam Robert Quinn

Theses and Dissertations

Pathogens in low-moisture foods are an emerging food safety concern due to increased survival and thermotolerance in matrices with low water activity. However, limited data is publicly available for the thermotolerance of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 (a Salmonella surrogate). The aims of this study were to identify differences in thermal inactivation rates between these organisms in three different low-moisture foods. Three model low-moisture foods (peanut butter, powder infant formula, and wheat flour) were inoculated with either E. faecium, a Salmonella spp. cocktail, or a L. monocytogenes cocktail using a dry inoculation method for a total …


A System For Foot Joint Kinetics – Integrating Plantar Pressure/Shear With Multisegment Foot Modeling, Spencer Ray Petersen Jun 2020

A System For Foot Joint Kinetics – Integrating Plantar Pressure/Shear With Multisegment Foot Modeling, Spencer Ray Petersen

Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: Instrumented gait analysis and inverse dynamics are commonly used in research and clinical practice to calculate lower extremity joint kinetics, such as power and work. However, multisegment foot (MSF) model kinetics have been limited by ground reaction force (GRF) measurements. New technology enables simultaneous capture of plantar pressure and shear stress distributions but has not yet been used with motion capture. Integrating MSF models and pressure/shear measurements will enhance the analysis of foot joint kinetics. The purpose of this study was to develop methodology to integrate these systems, then analyze the effects of speed on foot joint kinetics. Methods: …


Electrochemical Sensors Enhanced By Convection And By 3d Arrays Of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes, Benjamin James Brownlee Jun 2020

Electrochemical Sensors Enhanced By Convection And By 3d Arrays Of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes, Benjamin James Brownlee

Theses and Dissertations

Early and accessible diagnostics are important elements to reducing the negative side-effects of untreated disease. One key advancement in diagnostic monitoring is through the development of highly sensitive sensors that have the capability to detect lower concentrations, while still remaining accessible for point-of-care use. This dissertation characterizes electrochemical sensing platforms that are enhanced by convection and by 3D electrodes made from high surface area, vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs). Free-standing VACNTs were patterned into microchannel arrays for flow-through amperometric sensing. Convective mass transfer enhancement was shown to improve sensor performance in amperometric sensing through the use of high surface area …


The Effects Of Immune Regulation And Dysregulation: Helper T Cell Receptor Affinity, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus And Cancer Risk, And Vaccine Hesitancy, Deborah K. Johnson Jun 2020

The Effects Of Immune Regulation And Dysregulation: Helper T Cell Receptor Affinity, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus And Cancer Risk, And Vaccine Hesitancy, Deborah K. Johnson

Theses and Dissertations

Helper T cells direct the immunological response to foreign pathogens and cancer. To become activated, helper T cells must recognize unique peptides presented on major histocompatibility complex II (pMHCII) by antigen presenting cells (APCs) with their T cell receptor (TCR). While much is known about helper T cell activation signaling cascades and the subsequent roles of helper T cell subsets, the initiation of helper T cell activation by the TCR and other co-receptors is less well understood. Specifically, the affinity of the TCR for its pMHCII can change helper T cell subset fate, proliferation, and alter the risk for activation …


Small-Bodied Fish Surveys Demonstrate Native Fish Dominance Over 300 Kilometers Of The Colorado River Through Grand Canyon, Arizona, Ron B. Kegerries, Brandon Albrecht, Mark C. Mckinstry, Ron J. Rogers, Richard A. Valdez, Adam L. Barkalow, Eliza I. Gilbert, Harrison E. Mohn, Brian Healy, Emily Omana Smith Jun 2020

Small-Bodied Fish Surveys Demonstrate Native Fish Dominance Over 300 Kilometers Of The Colorado River Through Grand Canyon, Arizona, Ron B. Kegerries, Brandon Albrecht, Mark C. Mckinstry, Ron J. Rogers, Richard A. Valdez, Adam L. Barkalow, Eliza I. Gilbert, Harrison E. Mohn, Brian Healy, Emily Omana Smith

Western North American Naturalist

The Colorado River in Grand Canyon is highly regulated, with hypolimnetic releases that are generally unfavorable for endemic native fishes. However, both long-term drought and changes in dam operations have led to changes in river conditions, including the addition of approximately 125 km of riverine environment due to the contraction of Lake Mead. Through sampling of small-bodied fish, we were able to describe the Grand Canyon fish community and define the current native fish distribution from near Bright Angel Creek downstream to Pearce Ferry. Beginning in 2014 and continuing through 2018, we sampled the fish community via seining and documented …


Graph-Based Whole Genome Phylogenomics, Masaki Stanley Fujimoto Jun 2020

Graph-Based Whole Genome Phylogenomics, Masaki Stanley Fujimoto

Theses and Dissertations

Understanding others is a deeply human urge basic in our existential quest. It requires knowing where someone has come from and where they sit amongst peers. Phylogenetic analysis and genome wide association studies seek to tell us where we’ve come from and where we are relative to one another through evolutionary history and genetic makeup. Current methods do not address the computational complexity caused by new forms of genomic data, namely long-read DNA sequencing and increased abundances of assembled genomes, that are becoming evermore abundant. To address this, we explore specialized data structures for storing and comparing genomic information. This …


A Study Of The Anthropogenic Impact In Farmington Bay Through Isotopic And Elemental Analysis, Nathan Vaun Gunnell Jun 2020

A Study Of The Anthropogenic Impact In Farmington Bay Through Isotopic And Elemental Analysis, Nathan Vaun Gunnell

Theses and Dissertations

The influence of human activity on surrounding environments is an important field of research. With respect to aquatic settings, lacustrine deposits provide excellent proxies of environmental change since the sediment accumulates at a relatively constant rate, recording environmental change. This study employs isotopic, mineral, and chemical records from Farmington Bay freeze cores, in particular δ13C, δ15N, and 210Pb isotopes as well as phosphorus level fluctuation and trace metal analysis. In particular, 210Pb isotopes permit estimation of the age of sediment with depth and δ15N, δ13C, and concentration of P provides a record of changing nutrient sources and level of eutrophication. …


"The World Without A Self": Non-Being And Ontological Leveling In Virginia Woolf's The Waves, Morgan Ashley Lewis Jun 2020

"The World Without A Self": Non-Being And Ontological Leveling In Virginia Woolf's The Waves, Morgan Ashley Lewis

Theses and Dissertations

Virginia Woolf is perhaps best known for her explorations and depictions of human consciousness. However, more contemporary science reveals that consciousness is only a small part of what constitutes our brain function. Rather, there are a dual functions within the human brain: consciousness and cognition. This nonconscious cognition is what allows us to see patterns, to make judgements, and to act reflexively, while consciousness is the function that shapes our individual identity and the story we tell about ourselves. Though previous studies have focused primarily on Woolf's representations of consciousness in her short stories and novels, there is much left …


Morphometric Response Of Galaxias Maculatus (Jenyns) To Lake Colonization In Chile, Margaret Mercer, Peter C. Searle, Roberto Cifuentes, Evelyn Habit, Mark C. Belk May 2020

Morphometric Response Of Galaxias Maculatus (Jenyns) To Lake Colonization In Chile, Margaret Mercer, Peter C. Searle, Roberto Cifuentes, Evelyn Habit, Mark C. Belk

Faculty Publications

Body and head shape in fish responds to environmental factors such as water flow rate, food sources, and niche availability. However, the way in which fish respond to these environmental factors varies. In Central Chile, multiple river and lake systems along the coast provide an ideal study site to investigate these types of shape changes. We use geometric morphometrics to characterize shape differences in Galaxias maculatus (Jenyns) between river and lake populations. Lake fish converge on a shape with a more fusiform body, narrower head, and larger eyes, while river fish have a more robust body, rounder head, and smaller …


Creating Identity In The Face Of The Other: A Levinian Reading Of Luis Vélez De Guevara's La Serrana De La Vera, Elizabeth Anne Jensen May 2020

Creating Identity In The Face Of The Other: A Levinian Reading Of Luis Vélez De Guevara's La Serrana De La Vera, Elizabeth Anne Jensen

Theses and Dissertations

Among the works of theater of the Spanish Golden Age which feature a mujer varonil, Luis Vélez de Guevara's play, La serrana de la Vera (1613), is particularly provocative. The intensity and ambiguity of the dual nature of its female protagonist, Gila, has been the subject of much recent scholarly investigation. The staging of the play lends itself to a Levinian reading, a new approach to this particular text and theater of the Golden Age in general. Emmanuel Levinas moves beyond metaphysics, phenomenology and intentionality to posit ethics as first philosophy. Levinas explains that the face of the Other is …


A Pedagogy Of Constraints: How Self-Imposed Limitations Influence Art-Making And Teaching, Emmalee Glauser Powell May 2020

A Pedagogy Of Constraints: How Self-Imposed Limitations Influence Art-Making And Teaching, Emmalee Glauser Powell

Theses and Dissertations

This study explores how self-imposed limitations affect anxieties about art-making and the art-making process. As a teacher, I was interested in how limitations affected student art-making. I used arts-based research methodology to explore spiritual and personal quandaries in my own life through the process of art-making. A consistent thread throughout this investigation was using the process of making art as a way to gain understanding about my own life and teaching. I was also able to create a culture of vulnerability and honesty in my classroom and help my students embrace themselves and their physical, emotional, and situational limitations through …


Synthesis Of Functionalized Streptococcus Pneumoniae Serotype 6a Di- And Tri- Saccharides, Brady Davis James May 2020

Synthesis Of Functionalized Streptococcus Pneumoniae Serotype 6a Di- And Tri- Saccharides, Brady Davis James

Theses and Dissertations

There is a rise in prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, and its FDA-approved vaccines often do not mount effective immune responses in children, the elderly, or the immunocompromised. One reason these vaccines are generally less effective is because they do not utilize T-cell help. T-cell help can be accessed when di-, tri-, or tetra-saccharides positioned inside major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II are presented to T-cell receptors as a target antigen. Pairing MHC II-antigen complexes with T-cell receptors enables development of B and T lymphocytes that are highly specific to these antigens, granting an increase in antibody affinity and …


On The Distribution Of Inter-Arrival Times Of 911 Emergency Responseprocess Events, Blake Cameron Moss May 2020

On The Distribution Of Inter-Arrival Times Of 911 Emergency Responseprocess Events, Blake Cameron Moss

Theses and Dissertations

The 911 emergency response process is a core component of the emergency services critical infrastructure sector in the United States. Modeling and simulation of a complex stochastic system like the 911 response process enables policy makers and stakeholders to better understand, identify, and mitigate the impact of attacks/disasters affecting the 911 system. Modeling the 911 response process as a series of queue sub-systems will enable analysis into how CI failures impact the different phases of the 911 response process. Before such a model can be constructed, the probability distributions of the inter-arrivals of events into these various sub-systems needs to …


Arterial Blood Flow At Rest And During Exercise With Blood Flow Restriction, Nicole Denney Tafuna'i May 2020

Arterial Blood Flow At Rest And During Exercise With Blood Flow Restriction, Nicole Denney Tafuna'i

Theses and Dissertations

PURPOSE: This study comparted arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) between the dominant and nondominant legs and the relationship between blood flow and occlusion pressure at rest and during muscle contractions in males and females. METHODS: The AOP of the SFA was measured using Doppler ultrasound in the dominant and nondominant legs of 35 (16 males, 19 females) apparently healthy, normotensive young adults. Blood flow in the SFA was measured in the resting state (REST) and during plantar flexion exercise (EXC) at occlusion pressures ranging from 0% to 100% of AOP. ANOVA was used to compare …


Geometric Extensions Of Neural Processes, Andrew Newberry Carr May 2020

Geometric Extensions Of Neural Processes, Andrew Newberry Carr

Theses and Dissertations

Neural Processes (NPs) are a class of regression models that learn a map from a set of input-output pairs to a distribution over functions. NPs are computationally tractable and provide a number of benefits over traditional nonlinear regression models. Despite these benefits, there are two main domains where NPs fail. This thesis is focused on presenting extensions of the Neural Process to these two areas. The first of these is the extension of Neural Processes graph and network data which we call Graph Neural Processes (GNP). A Graph Neural Process is defined as a Neural Process that operates on graph …


Compound Heterozygous Variants In Pediatric Cancers: A Systematic Review, Dustin B. Miller, Stephen R. Piccolo May 2020

Compound Heterozygous Variants In Pediatric Cancers: A Systematic Review, Dustin B. Miller, Stephen R. Piccolo

Faculty Publications

A compound heterozygous (CH) variant is a type of germline variant that occurs when each parent donates one alternate allele and these alleles are located at different loci within the same gene. Pathogenic germline variants have been identified for some pediatric cancer types but in most studies, CH variants are overlooked. Thus, the prevalence of pathogenic CH variants in most pediatric cancer types is unknown. We identified 26 studies (published between 1999 and 2019) that identified a CH variant in at least one pediatric cancer patient. These studies encompass 21 cancer types and have collectively identified 25 different …


Do Workplace Characteristics Moderate The Effects Of Attitudes On Father Warmth And Engagement?, Erin Kramer Holmes, Richard J. Petts, Clare R. Thomas, Nathan L. Robbins, Tom Henry May 2020

Do Workplace Characteristics Moderate The Effects Of Attitudes On Father Warmth And Engagement?, Erin Kramer Holmes, Richard J. Petts, Clare R. Thomas, Nathan L. Robbins, Tom Henry

Faculty Publications

Though many fathers want to be warmer, more nurturing, and more actively involved than prior generations (i.e., the new fatherhood ideal), they also embrace a father's traditional role as financial earner. Thus, we hypothesized that fathers' attitudes about their roles would likely interact with workplace characteristics to produce variations in father warmth and engagement. Using a national sample of 1,020 employed U.S. fathers with children ages 2–8 years old, results suggest that adherence to the new fatherhood idea was associated with less father warmth. Also consistent with prior research showing that family friendly work cultures may enable fathers to be …


The Hidden Cost Of Free Dating Apps, Sarah W. Worthington May 2020

The Hidden Cost Of Free Dating Apps, Sarah W. Worthington

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Dating applications (“apps”) have changed how people meet, interact, and form relationships with others. Location-based Real-time Dating Applications (LBRTDAs) are immensely popular among the rising generations (March, Grieve, Marrington, & Jonason, 2017; Sevi, Aral, & Eskenazi, 2018; Smith, 2018). However, the popularity of LBRTDAs masks a more sinister side; their frequent use may negatively impact users (James, 2015; Shapiro et al., 2017). LBRTDAs have essentially designed a virtual world that allows users to “shop” for their next partner (James, 2015). With this mindset, users often prefer engaging in casual sex rather than long-term relationships (James, 2015; Naff, 2017). As users …


Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Comorbid Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Traumatic Brain Injury, And Associated Sleep Disturbances, Aubretia D. Snyder May 2020

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Comorbid Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Traumatic Brain Injury, And Associated Sleep Disturbances, Aubretia D. Snyder

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

With an increasing number of veterans returning from combat with significant head injuries, research interests have begun to turn to the neuropsychological relationship between traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic stress disorder. Research has found that these dysfunctions often occur together and that both disorders may cause an exacerbation of symptoms in one another. This relationship may be negatively affected further by the presence of sleep disturbances. The complexity of this relationship requires extra consideration in regards to treatment, and cognitive behavioral therapy may be effective in treating this comorbid condition. This paper discusses the functional relationship of posttraumatic stress disorder …


The Spectral Nature Of Anxiety Disorders: Examining Similarities In Clinical And Subclinical Populations, Alexandra M. Muir May 2020

The Spectral Nature Of Anxiety Disorders: Examining Similarities In Clinical And Subclinical Populations, Alexandra M. Muir

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is one of the leading mental illnesses in the United States today (Alvarez et al., 2012). However, a large number of individuals have their lives disrupted by the symptoms of anxiety, but their symptoms are not severe enough to be diagnosed with GAD. These individuals, much like individuals with GAD, have high trait anxiety, differential brain structure and function, and hypervigilant performance monitoring. Further understanding the neural correlates related to subclinical generalized anxiety disorder and how the neural mechanisms involved relate to daily functioning is of utmost importance. Since there are individuals suffering from subclinical anxiety …


Drawing Out Trauma: Visual Art Therapy For Child Sexual Abuse Victims, Katelynn K. Mckinnon May 2020

Drawing Out Trauma: Visual Art Therapy For Child Sexual Abuse Victims, Katelynn K. Mckinnon

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a global problem that can have lasting effects cognitively, physiologically, and emotionally for the victim. If the psychological damage from CSA goes untreated, it can lead to unstable conditions within one’s self, and in relationships. When children are affected by sexual abuse, it can be difficult for them to verbalize the traumatic incident. This inability to express can lead to problems in viewing and experiencing the self, and may lead to dissociation. Many aspects of trauma symptoms are difficult for individuals and especially children to express verbally. Visual arts therapy offers an alternative to verbal-based …


Humanizing The Model Minority: A Literature Review Of Current Research Concerning Counseling Asian American College Students, Austin M. Lynn May 2020

Humanizing The Model Minority: A Literature Review Of Current Research Concerning Counseling Asian American College Students, Austin M. Lynn

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

A detailed examination of the past 10 years of literature regarding the counseling of college-age Asian Americans is undertaken, with an emphasis on counselor and client perspective. The applicability of Western counseling to individuals steeped in Asian culture is examined, and suggestions aimed towards increasing counselor competency provided. Counselors’ self-perceived competency and Asian American client experience are reviewed. The effects of acculturation and enculturation are discussed; with a special focus on the impact of Asian cultural values and their potential negative relationships with help-seeking attitudes. The nature, implementation, and efficacy of multicultural counseling is explored. Data comparing college-age Asian Americans …


Life History Divergence In Livebearing Fishes In Response To Predation: Is There A Microevolution To Macroevolution Barrier?, Mark C. Belk, Spencer J. Ingley, Jerald B. Johnson May 2020

Life History Divergence In Livebearing Fishes In Response To Predation: Is There A Microevolution To Macroevolution Barrier?, Mark C. Belk, Spencer J. Ingley, Jerald B. Johnson

Faculty Publications

A central problem in evolutionary biology is to determine whether adaptive phenotypic variation within species (microevolution) ultimately gives rise to new species (macroevolution). Predation environment can select for trait divergence among populations within species. The implied hypothesis is that the selection resulting from predation environment that creates population divergence within species would continue across the speciation boundary such that patterns of divergence after speciation would be a magnified accumulation of the trait variation observed before speciation. In this paper, we test for congruence in the mechanisms of microevolution and macroevolution by comparing the patterns of life history divergence among three …


Inadequate Residential Care For Children In Cambodia, Madison Coleman May 2020

Inadequate Residential Care For Children In Cambodia, Madison Coleman

Ballard Brief

Residential care institutions, or orphanages, are becoming increasingly more common in Cambodia. These institutions are not closely monitored by the Cambodian government. causing many children to be raised in unsafe and inadequate environments. The vast majority of the children living in these orphanages have at least one living parent but are being sent to live in an institution because their parents cannot afford to provide for their material needs or their education. The donations of time and money from foreigners. as well as the relative ease of implementing institutions rather than alternative care. also contribute to the increasing number of …


Linguistic Neglect Of Deaf Children In The United States, Mishonne Marks May 2020

Linguistic Neglect Of Deaf Children In The United States, Mishonne Marks

Ballard Brief

Most deaf children in the United States are born to hearing parents who are not familiar with Deaf culture or American Sign Language (ASL). As a result. deaf children are in danger of experiencing linguistic neglect. meaning they do not receive sufficient language input. This linguistic neglect is typically unintentional and can be a result of deaf history, institutionalized oppression, current stigmas, and educational inequality. Linguistic neglect can result in deaf children experiencing decreased mental health, stunted cognitive development. poor academic performance. and employment difficulties. Several organizations are currently working to address and prevent linguistic neglect by spreading deaf awareness, …


Preventative Force And The Rules Of Proportionality, Jacob Price May 2020

Preventative Force And The Rules Of Proportionality, Jacob Price

Undergraduate Honors Theses

The thesis examines how a tiered system of proportional rules will provide a better understanding for how to use force outside of a declared conflict. The tiered system provides explicit standards and subprinciples to determine how and when a foreign state can use preventative force on specific targets. The thesis asserts that certain preventative action against immediate and existential threats can be justified, but any demonstration of force cannot continue beyond a threat incident. The thesis evaluates the current demonstrations of force in Mexico, West Africa and situations involving weapons of mass destruction. Through the tiered system, states can proportionally …


Water Scarcity In The Jordan River Valley, Hannah Klassen May 2020

Water Scarcity In The Jordan River Valley, Hannah Klassen

Ballard Brief

The issue of water scarcity is prominent in the Jordan Valley and surrounding countries. and the issues surrounding it are part of a web that is difficult for aspiring solvers to untangle. Natural processes. such as desertification. certainly have their effect. but other issues. including the political crises of the region. rapid population growth, poor infrastructure. water pollution. and the misuse of water resources are also largely responsible for the water crisis. Just as the issue has largely been created by the environment and the people within it, it also greatly affects the environment and people. Many people throughout the …


Established Adulthood: A New Conception Of Ages 30 To 45, Clare M. Mehta, Jeffrey Jensen Arnett, Carlie G. Palmer, Larry J. Nelson May 2020

Established Adulthood: A New Conception Of Ages 30 To 45, Clare M. Mehta, Jeffrey Jensen Arnett, Carlie G. Palmer, Larry J. Nelson

Faculty Publications

In developed countries, the years from Age 30 to 45 are, for many, the most intense, demanding, and rewarding years of adult life. During this period of the life span most adults must negotiate the intersecting demands of progressing in a chosen career, maintaining an intimate partnership, and caring for children. Successes or difficulties in meeting these simultaneous demands have the potential to profoundly influence the direction of a person's adult life. As such, we believe that it is of critical importance to better understand this developmental period that we call established adulthood. This article provides a new theoretical …


Family Structure And Child Well-Being In A Non-Western Context: The Role Of Parent–Child Relations And Parental Conflict In South Korea, Jonathan A. Jarvis, Ashley Larsen Gibby, Mikaela J. Dufur, Shana Pribesh May 2020

Family Structure And Child Well-Being In A Non-Western Context: The Role Of Parent–Child Relations And Parental Conflict In South Korea, Jonathan A. Jarvis, Ashley Larsen Gibby, Mikaela J. Dufur, Shana Pribesh

Faculty Publications

Research suggests that children who live with two biological married parents are less likely to exhibit behavioral problems than children who do not. While research on childhood outcomes often focuses on the nature of the family structure itself, recent studies have pointed to relationship quality between parents, and between parents and children, as important mechanisms through which family structure affects children. However, the independent influence of these two mechanisms—relationship quality between parents and between parents and children—on childhood outcomes has never, to our knowledge, been tested outside of a high-income western environment. Using the Korean Youth Panel Study (KYPS), we …