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Review: Richard Neitzel Holzapfel And David M. Whitchurch, Eds. My Dear Sister: Letters Between Joseph F. Smith And His Sister Martha Ann Smith Harris. Salt Lake City And Provo, Ut: Deseret Book And Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 2019., Natalie Rose
Mormon Studies Review
decades of letters exchanged between the sixth church president and his sister from the 1850s to the 1910s. A majority of these letters are provided by Carole Call King, the great-granddaughter of Martha Ann Harris, who had the well-preserved letters in her possession. Following her father’s death in 1993, King inherited several items from her father including these letters that remained in a box left “on a closet shelf ” in her home for some time (xiv). In the box were almost one hundred letters written to her great-grandmother Martha Ann Harris by Harris’s brother Joseph F. Smith, the nephew …
Confronting And Condemning “Hard Doctrine,” 1978–2013, Matthew L. Harris
Confronting And Condemning “Hard Doctrine,” 1978–2013, Matthew L. Harris
Mormon Studies Review
Although Spencer W. Kimball’s 1978 revelation in the Salt Lake Temple ended the 126-year-old priesthood and temple ban affecting persons of African descent, questions about racial teachings in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints lingered. The revelation, canonized as “Official Declaration 2” in Latter-day Saint scripture, failed to repudiate the theology justifying the ban.1 Some members, consequently, continued to assert that black people were cursed, equating their dark skin with misdeeds they allegedly committed in a pre-earth life.2 Anguished over these microaggressions, black Latter-day Saints petitioned church officials to condemn racism within the church as well as remove …
Full Issue
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Memory And Millennials: A Review Of First Vision: Memory And Mormon Origins, Spencer R. Marsh
Memory And Millennials: A Review Of First Vision: Memory And Mormon Origins, Spencer R. Marsh
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
The multiple historical accounts of Joseph Smith’s First Vision have been an area of intense study, debate, and discussion for several decades. The newest addition to the discussion is a specialized monograph engaging the various accounts of the First Vision through the lens of psychology and, particularly, memory studies. This book, authored by Steven C. Harper, proves to be a valuable resource in answering some pressing questions about the integrity of the First Vision accounts, even though that was not the book’s explicitly stated purpose. This review highlights these contributions as interpreted through the lens of a Millennial reviewer — …
The Brass Plates Version Of Genesis, Noel B. Reynolds
The Brass Plates Version Of Genesis, Noel B. Reynolds
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
The Book of Mormon peoples repeatedly indicated that they were descendants of Joseph, the son of Jacob who was sold into Egypt by his brothers. The plates of brass that they took with them from Jerusalem c. 600 bce provided them with a version of many Old Testament books and others not included in our Hebrew Bible. Sometime after publishing his translation of the Book of Mormon, Joseph Smith undertook an inspired revision of the Bible. The opening chapters of his version of Genesis contain a lot of material not included in the Hebrew Bible. But intriguingly, distinctive phraseology in …
The Joseph Smith Papers And The Book Of Abraham: A Response To Recent Reviews, Matthew J. Grow, Matthew C. Godfrey
The Joseph Smith Papers And The Book Of Abraham: A Response To Recent Reviews, Matthew J. Grow, Matthew C. Godfrey
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
The Joseph Smith Papers welcomes engagement with its work and gratefully acknowledges the important work of various scholars on the Book of Abraham. Recent reviews in the Interpreter of Revelations and Translations, Volume 4, however, significantly misunderstand the purposes and conventions of the project. This response corrects some of those misconceptions, including the idea that the transcript is riddled with errors and the idea that personal agendas drive the analysis in the volume. The complex history of the Book of Abraham can be understood through multiple faithful perspectives, and the Joseph Smith Papers Project affirms the value of robust, respectful, …
A Passover Setting For Lehi’S Exodus, Don Bradley
A Passover Setting For Lehi’S Exodus, Don Bradley
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
Later in his life, former Palmyra resident Fayette Lapham recounted with sharp detail an 1830 interview he conducted with Joseph Smith Sr. about the coming forth of the Book of Mormon. Among the details he reports that Lehi’s exodus from Jerusalem occurred during a “great feast.” This detail, not found in the published Book of Mormon, may reveal some of what Joseph Sr. knew from the lost 116 pages. By examining the small plates account of this narrative in 1 Nephi 1−5, we see not only that such a feast was possible, but that Lehi’s exodus and Nephi’s quest for …
Musings On The Birth Of The Savior Jesus Christ, Kristine Wardle Frederickson
Musings On The Birth Of The Savior Jesus Christ, Kristine Wardle Frederickson
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
In this essay, Kristine Wardle Frederickson muses about “the babe born in Bethlehem,” and who he was — and is — in consideration of those who nurtured, loved, and welcomed the infant Jehovah to Earth. Certain women played critical roles in preparing him for his infinite and eternal Atonement, and that preparation began long before Jesus came to Earth. Four women stand out as devoted mentors, disciples, and witnesses of Jesus Christ’s mission, and of his sublime perfection even on that first Christmas day: Heavenly Mother, Mary, Elisabeth, and Anna. At Christmastime, their witnesses are worthy of deep contemplation as …
An Approach To Isaiah Studies, Donald W. Parry
An Approach To Isaiah Studies, Donald W. Parry
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
This review makes a case, briefly, for the unmistakable presence of Jesus Christ in Isaiah’s text, which case is based on a corpus linguistic-based description of the Hebrew Bible, equivalent designations of deific names, self-identification declarations by the Lord, and more. And, importantly, one can never set aside the multiple teachings and testimonies of our modern prophets and apostles regarding Isaiah’s prophecies of Jesus Christ. Moreover, in my view, a knowledge of biblical Hebrew helps us to penetrate the very depths and heights of Isaiah’s text.
Hugh B. Brown’S Program For Latter-Day Saint Servicemen During Wwii, David L. Clark
Hugh B. Brown’S Program For Latter-Day Saint Servicemen During Wwii, David L. Clark
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
Prior to U.S. involvement in WWII, the First Presidency asked Hugh B. Brown to initiate and serve as coordinator of a program that would reinforce the spiritual welfare of the increasing number of Latter-day Saint men entering the military. Brown initially answered the challenge by organizing religious services at training camps along the West Coast because of the large number of Church-member men training there. However, following Pearl Harbor, he expanded the program to 65 training camps in many parts of the country. He also created USO-type facilities in Salt Lake City and San Diego, distributed pocket-size scriptures, wrote faith-strengthening …
Section 1: Mormon The Writer, Brant Gardner
Section 1: Mormon The Writer, Brant Gardner
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
Ammaron was entrusted with the sacred Nephite archives. Although he recorded Nephite history in the same way so many of his predecessors had, we have nothing that he wrote. As the penultimate official Nephite historian, we know that he wrote and cared for the sacred Nephite records in perilous times.11 Rather than his writings, however, we have the record of his efforts to preserve and continue the plates. We learn that: “Ammaron, being constrained by the Holy Ghost, did hide up the records which were sacred — yea, even all the sacred records which had been handed down from generation …
Chapter 2: Mormon And The Nephite Archive, Brant Gardner
Chapter 2: Mormon And The Nephite Archive, Brant Gardner
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
Nephite written history began with Nephi, perhaps soon after the family arrived in the New World (1 Nephi 19:1). As far as we can tell, the Nephite historical tradition continued in an essentially unbroken line until Mormon, who was the last official historian.21 Nephite historians not only wrote, but preserved. Jacob specifically notes: “we know that the things which we write upon plates must remain; [b]ut whatsoever things we write upon anything save it be upon plates must perish and vanish away” (Jacob 4:1–2). The Old World tradition also preserved records,22 but something about the New World suggested the need …
Rethinking Alma 36, Noel B. Reynolds
Rethinking Alma 36, Noel B. Reynolds
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
While Alma 36 has long been one of the most admired examples of classical Hebrew chiasmus in the Book of Mormon, critiques in the last two decades have questioned whether, in fact, it really meets the requirements of classical biblical chiasms. The principal objections have pointed to the large sections of the chapter that are not easily included in the chiasm as outlined by John W. Welch and other proponents. Until now, this debate has not taken note of dramatic new developments in the analysis of Hebrew rhetoric over the last fifty years. The following essay turns to the discoveries …
“Somebody Wrote It:” The Book Of Mormon’S Missionary Message To A 21st-Century World, Jim Bennett
“Somebody Wrote It:” The Book Of Mormon’S Missionary Message To A 21st-Century World, Jim Bennett
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
Nathan Oman’s “Welding Another Link in Wonder’s Chain: The Task of Latter-day Saint Intellectuals in the Church’s Third Century” wisely called for “new language in which to celebrate the Restoration.” That new language can be found in understanding the power of the Book of Mormon, which is the tangible miracle at the heart of the Restoration that defies the critics. My father, Senator Robert F. Bennett, devoted his final years to arguing that the Book of Mormon’s existence is a stumbling block to those who try to dismiss it as an obvious fraud. Those who scoff at the Book of …
Chapter 5: Mormon Writing, Brant Gardner
Chapter 5: Mormon Writing, Brant Gardner
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
When Moroni described what his father had written, he called it “an abridgment of the record of the people of Nephi” (Title Page). Mormon himself similarly referred to what he had written: “after I had made an abridgment from the plates of Nephi...” (Words of Mormon 1:3). Nevertheless, Mormon doesn’t appear to use the term in the way we might expect.101 A modern reader expects that an abridgment makes a shorter but faithful version of a longer text. This is not what Mormon did. When Mormon wrote his eponymous book within his larger work, he said that “I write a …
Bibliography, Brant Gardner
Bibliography, Brant Gardner
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Section 2: Nephi The Writer Chapter 7: Nephi Preparing, Brant Gardner
Section 2: Nephi The Writer Chapter 7: Nephi Preparing, Brant Gardner
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
We have the Book of Mormon people because of Lehi. Nephi began the tradition that eventually allowed Mormon to create the Book of Mormon. Lehi led his family to the New World, but Nephi defined his descendants as a record-keeping people. The Nephites were a people of the Book both because Nephi (and his brothers) preserved a record-keeping tradition (the brass plates) and because he began a new one after arriving in the New World. Mormon may be most directly responsible for the Book of Mormon, but the records Mormon used (and many of the organizational structures that Mormon used) …
Chapter 11: Book Of 1 Nephi, Brant Gardner
Chapter 11: Book Of 1 Nephi, Brant Gardner
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
Nephi begins his book according to traditions he learned in his scribal training.277 He adds a colophon,278 which had two functions: describe the contents of the book and to identify that author. The synoptic header prior to chapter I provides the outline of the events to be covered in Nephi’s first book: the departure of the family from Jerusalem, the journey into the wilderness, the return to Jerusalem for the brass plates, the acquisition of wives from Ishmael’s family, the arrival at Bountiful, the building of a ship, and the journey to the new world. Evidence from Mormon’s use of …
First Visions And Last Sermons: Affirming Divine Sociality, Rejecting The Greater Apostasy, Val Larsen
First Visions And Last Sermons: Affirming Divine Sociality, Rejecting The Greater Apostasy, Val Larsen
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
There is a kinship between Lehi and Joseph Smith. They are linked to each other by similar first visions, and they faced roughly the same theological problem. Resisted by elites who believe God is a Solitary Sovereign, both prophets affirm the pluralistic religion of Abraham, which features a sôd ’ĕlôhim (Council of Gods) in which the divine Father, Mother, and Son sit. These prophets are likewise linked by their last sermons: Lehi’s parting sermon/blessings of his sons and Joseph’s King Follett discourse. Along with the first visions and last sermons, the article closely reads Lehi’s dream, Nephi’s experience of Lehi’s …
Becoming Men And Women Of Understanding: Wordplay On Benjamin — An Addendum, Matthew L. Bowen
Becoming Men And Women Of Understanding: Wordplay On Benjamin — An Addendum, Matthew L. Bowen
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
Royal and divine sonship/daughterhood (bānîm = “children”/“sons,” bānôt = “daughters”) is a prevalent theme throughout the Book of Mosiah. “Understanding” (Hebrew noun, bînâ or tĕbûnâ; verb, bîn) is also a key theme in that book. The initial juxtaposition of “sons” and “understanding” with the name “Benjamin” (binyāmîn, “son of the right hand”) in Mosiah 1:2–7 suggests the narrator’s association of the underlying terms with the name Benjamin likely on the basis of homophony. King Benjamin repeatedly invokes “understand” in his speech (forms of “understand” were derived from the root *byn in Hebrew; Mosiah 2:9, 40; 4:4; cf. 3:15) — a …
Scriptures Through The Jeweler’S Lens, Mark J. Johnson
Scriptures Through The Jeweler’S Lens, Mark J. Johnson
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
Among the many revelatory works of Joseph Smith, members and scholars alike seem to give lesser attention to what is found in the Pearl of Great Price. In The Pearl of Greatest Price, Terryl Givens and Brian Hauglid attempt to provide some of the attention that has been lacking. The result is a book that, while spotty in places, provides a good resource that should receive wide exposure in academic circles. Believing members, on the other hand, may find the book lacking or downright questionable because of the secular approach it takes to dealing with scripture understood to have a …
An Other Approach To Isaiah Studies, Joshua M. Sears
An Other Approach To Isaiah Studies, Joshua M. Sears
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
A recent review of Joseph M. Spencer’s book The Vision of All: Twenty-Five Lectures on Isaiah in Nephi’s Record made the case that the book contains several challenges and problems, in particular that it advocates a theologically deficient interpretation of Isaiah that denies Isaiah’s witness of Jesus Christ. This response provides an alternative reading of Spencer’s work and suggests these assertions are often based on misunderstanding. At stake in this conversation is the question of whether or not there is more than one valid way to read Isaiah that draws upon a faithful, Restoration perspective. While Spencer may interpret and …
“We May Not Understand Our Words”: The Book Of Abraham And The Concept Of Translation In The Pearl Of Greatest Price, John S. Thompson
“We May Not Understand Our Words”: The Book Of Abraham And The Concept Of Translation In The Pearl Of Greatest Price, John S. Thompson
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
In recent years there has been an effort among some scholars to make sense of the historical sources surrounding Joseph Smith’s claims to be a translator of ancient records. Terryl Givens, with some assistance from Brian Hauglid, has explored the evidence surrounding the Book of Abraham and suggests that, in this case, Joseph Smith may not have translated an ancient record of Abraham’s writings into English as typically believed in the Latter-day Saint community. Consequently, Givens provides four alternative ways the work of “translating” may have been understood or practiced by the Prophet and his scribes. This essay highlights some …
The Teachings Of Church Leaders Regarding The Crucifixion Of Jesus Christ: 1852–2018, John Hilton Iii, Emily K. Hyde, Mckenna Grace Trussel
The Teachings Of Church Leaders Regarding The Crucifixion Of Jesus Christ: 1852–2018, John Hilton Iii, Emily K. Hyde, Mckenna Grace Trussel
BYU Studies
From the beginnings of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (herein referred to as “the Church”), the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ has been at the heart of its theology. In numerous revelations received by Joseph Smith, the Savior is identified as having been “crucified for the sins of the world” (D&C 53:2; see also 21:9, 35:2, 46:13, 54:1, 76:41). President Brigham Young taught that salvation was only “through the name and ministry of Jesus Christ, and the atonement he made on Mount Calvary.”1 President John Taylor said that Christ “was crucified and put to death to atone …
It Came From Beyond, Daniel C. Peterson
It Came From Beyond, Daniel C. Peterson
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
The early Latter-day Saints viewed the Book of Mormon not only as a symbol of Joseph Smith’s prophetic calling but also as the most powerful evidence for that calling. However, perhaps because they were ardent believers in the Bible who had been formed in a distinctly Bible-drenched culture and perhaps also because many of them had come to the Book of Mormon relatively late in their lives, they tended to quote from the Nephite record only rarely. Surprisingly, this was the case even for Joseph Smith himself — which can be taken as a sign that he didn’t write the …
Table Rules: A Response To Americanist Approaches To The Book Of Mormon, Kevin Christensen
Table Rules: A Response To Americanist Approaches To The Book Of Mormon, Kevin Christensen
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
Americanist Approaches to The Book of Mormon is an ambitious collection of essays published by Oxford University Press. By “Americanist” the editors refer to their preferred mode of contextualization: to situate the Book of Mormon as a response to various currents of nineteenth- century American thought. The “table rules” in this case determine who gets invited to the table and what topics can be discussed, using what types of evidence. The approach is legitimate, and the contributors offer a range of interesting perspectives and observations. Several essays base their arguments on the notion that the Book of Mormon adapts itself …
Ascending Into The Hill Of The Lord: What The Psalms Can Tell Us About The Rituals Of The First Temple, David J. Larsen
Ascending Into The Hill Of The Lord: What The Psalms Can Tell Us About The Rituals Of The First Temple, David J. Larsen
Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship
In this article, the author attempts to shed light on practics alluded to in the Psalms that may have formed part of the ritual system and theology of Solomon’s original temple. He describes various aspects of the ritual system of pre-exilic Israel, including pilgrimage, questioning at the gates, epiphany, and royal rites. In the culmination of these rites, the king, who likely led the procession up to the temple, was enthroned on or beside the Lord’s own throne and transformed or “reborn” as a Son of God, appearing before the people in glorious fashion as the representative of Yahweh
Review: Matthew L. Harris, Ed. Thunder From The Right: Ezra Taft Benson In Mormonism And Politics. Urbana: University Of Illinois Press, 2019., Lauren F. Turek
Review: Matthew L. Harris, Ed. Thunder From The Right: Ezra Taft Benson In Mormonism And Politics. Urbana: University Of Illinois Press, 2019., Lauren F. Turek
Mormon Studies Review
The Cold War looms large in Thunder from the Right, an edited volume that offers readers an incisive appraisal of the religious and political career of Mormon leader Ezra Taft Benson. As the collected essays reveal, a profound anxiety about Soviet communism and, more specifically, the perception that internal socialist subversion threatened the United States and its core values, impelled Benson to speak out widely and vociferously. His zealous anti-communism infused every aspect of his life and his work, from the policy positions he advocated for as President Eisenhower’s secretary of agriculture to the religious teachings he shared as a …
“By Study And Also By Faith”, J Gordon Daines Iii
“By Study And Also By Faith”, J Gordon Daines Iii
BYU Studies
At their inception, universities were places where all branches of learning—both the sacred and the secular—were studied. At the great medieval universities, for instance, faith and academic excellence were intertwined,1 and this strong connection continued in the universities of the New World. Most American research universities began as religiously affiliated colleges whose missions were to develop Christian character and foster faith in order to prepare men for the ministry or work in the government.2 But, beginning in the late nineteenth century and continuing over the course of the twentieth century, the vast majority of these research universities abandoned …