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Distributed Moments Of A Scalar Pdf, Partha Sarathi, Roi Gurka, Paul J. Sullivan, Gregory A. Kopp Jul 2010

Distributed Moments Of A Scalar Pdf, Partha Sarathi, Roi Gurka, Paul J. Sullivan, Gregory A. Kopp

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

The evolution of concentration values in a turbulent flow is quantified by theprobability density function (PDF) of concentration or more simply by the expected massfraction function (EMF). It is convenient to use some lower-order moments to approximatethe PDF or EMF. In this paper a particularly simple representation of these moments isexplored. Concentration measurements using planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) aremade over the cross-section of a fluorescent plume emanating from a point source in a gridturbulenceflow in a water tunnel. It is observed that the distributed moments across theplume are determined from a ‘local’ concentration scale and the mean concentrationprofile. The …

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Learning How To Model Ecosystem Trade-Offs At The Farm Scale, E. Pilgrim, C. J. A. Macleod, D. Beaumont, M. S. A. Blackwell, R. Bol, A. Del Prado, B. Griffith, R. Orr, A. Shepherd, L. Wu, L. G. Firbank Jul 2010

Learning How To Model Ecosystem Trade-Offs At The Farm Scale, E. Pilgrim, C. J. A. Macleod, D. Beaumont, M. S. A. Blackwell, R. Bol, A. Del Prado, B. Griffith, R. Orr, A. Shepherd, L. Wu, L. G. Firbank

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

The ecosystem service framework provides a forum for scientists from a rangeof disciplines to communicate and work together alongside other key stakeholders.However to be effective, place-based comparison of the tradeoffs of ecosystem servicesneed further development. These place-based comparisons are vital in agricultural systemsdue to the increasing global demand for food production, coupled with the realization thatthis should be achieved with minimal negative impact on the environment. The farm is thelogical unit of management in agricultural systems and hence there is a need for ecosystemtradeoff assessments at the farm scale. We have carried out a literature review of thetradeoffs in the …

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Experimental Study Of The Critical Criteria For Incipient Sediment Movement Using A Simple Model Eddy, R. J. Munro Jul 2010

Experimental Study Of The Critical Criteria For Incipient Sediment Movement Using A Simple Model Eddy, R. J. Munro

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Experiments have been performed to study the interaction between a sediment layerand a vortex ring (used, here, as an idealised model for an isolated turbulent eddy). Attentionwas focussed on studying the interaction under “critical” conditions, in which motion of sedimentgrains was only just induced by the flow field of the vortex ring. Near-spherical monodisperse sedimentgrains were used throughout with relative density 2.5 and diameters (dp) ranging between0.053mm and 1.0 mm. Measurements of the vortex-ring flow field were obtained, during theperiod of interaction, using two-dimensional particle imaging velocimetry (PIV). The conditionsfor incipient sediment motion were investigated in terms of the critical …

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Cfd And Gfd Hybrid Approach For Simulation Of Multi-Scale Coastal Ocean Flow, Hansong Tang, X. G. Wu Jul 2010

Cfd And Gfd Hybrid Approach For Simulation Of Multi-Scale Coastal Ocean Flow, Hansong Tang, X. G. Wu

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

We propose to couple computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and geophysical fluid dynamics (GFD) methods to simulate multi-scale and multi-physics coastal flows. In particular, an unsteady, three-dimensional (3D), incompressible CFD model is coupled with the Unstructured Grid Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM). The coupling is two-way and realized using domain decomposition method with Chimera overset grids, and the resulting hybrid system will be able to capture flow phenomena with spatial scales from centimeters to hundreds of kilometers. In order to demonstrate the feasibility and performance of the proposed hybrid system, simulations of effluents discharged into a river and a coastal …

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Response Surface Approximation And Interactive Decision Maps For Water Quality Planning, A. Castelletti, D. Limosani, Alexander V. Lotov, X. Quach, R. Soncini-Sessa Jul 2010

Response Surface Approximation And Interactive Decision Maps For Water Quality Planning, A. Castelletti, D. Limosani, Alexander V. Lotov, X. Quach, R. Soncini-Sessa

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

This study presents a new interactive procedure for supporting DecisionMakers (DMs) in environmental planning problems involving large, process-based, dynamic models and many (more than two) conflicting objectives. Because of such features of the model, computationallyonerous simulations are the only feasible way of analysis, while the multi-objective nature of the problem entails the combined use of optimization techniques and appropriate tools for the visualization of the associated Pareto frontier. The procedure proposed is based on the iterative improvement of the current best compromise alternative based on interactions with the DM. At each iteration, the DM is informed about the Pareto frontier …

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Estimates Of Seasonal Methane Emissions From Paddy-Rice Cropped At Pindamonhangaba Municipality, Brazil, Using Dndc Model, Maria Conceição Peres Young Pessoa, Magda Aparecida De Lima, Omar Vieira Vilella Jul 2010

Estimates Of Seasonal Methane Emissions From Paddy-Rice Cropped At Pindamonhangaba Municipality, Brazil, Using Dndc Model, Maria Conceição Peres Young Pessoa, Magda Aparecida De Lima, Omar Vieira Vilella

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Agricultural activities have been pointed out as one of anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gas emissions, which influence on climatic changes. Information available at Intergovernmental Panel on Climatic Changes (Ipcc) indicated that methane emissions (CH4) generated during the paddy-rice culture development phases is one of these activities and must be better investigated at field conditions. Computer tools that allow following the space-time dynamic of methane emissions from paddy-rice culture, considering the management involved, should also contribute to identify alternatives in order to minimize the high emission rates. Thereby, the Denitrification-Decomposition model (DnDc) can be used to investigate alternative scenarios in order …

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Renyi's-Entropy-Based Approach For Selecting The Significant Input Variables For The Ecological Data, Can-Tao Liu, Bao-Gang Hu Jul 2010

Renyi's-Entropy-Based Approach For Selecting The Significant Input Variables For The Ecological Data, Can-Tao Liu, Bao-Gang Hu

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Recently, data-driven approaches including machine-learning (ML) techniqueshave played a key role in the research on ecological data and models. One of the mostimportant steps in the application of a ML technique is the selection of significant modelinput variables. Among ML methods, artificial neural networks and genetic algorithm arewidely used for the sake of the above aim; however entropy-based learning methods havenot been well adopted in the field of selecting the significant input variables for ecologicalmodel. In this paper, we utilize Renyi’s entropy to estimate mutual information, and thencompute maximum relevance and minimum redundancy of the input variables by themutual information …

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3d Computational Model Of External Intrusion In A Pipe Across Defects, P. Amparo López-Jiménez, Jesus Mora-Rodriguez, Francisco José García-Mares, Vicente S. Fuertes-Miquel Jul 2010

3d Computational Model Of External Intrusion In A Pipe Across Defects, P. Amparo López-Jiménez, Jesus Mora-Rodriguez, Francisco José García-Mares, Vicente S. Fuertes-Miquel

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Water distribution networks are not completely physically safe and the possibility of entrance of external fluid inside the disinfected current of water exists, when some factors occur. This phenomenon is termed pathogen intrusion and can cause a pollution problem on the network. Polluted drinking water can generate waterborne disease outbreaks. Therefore pathogen intrusion is a phenomenon causing the degradation of drinking water quality. Three factors are needed: a pollution source, a way of entrance and a mechanism that produce the event. Furthermore, the presence of physical failures in the water network gives an approximation of the hydraulic performance; if the …

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The Value Of Using Bayesian Networks In Environmental Decision Support Systems To Support Natural Resource Management., Wendy S. Merritt, Jenifer Ticehurst, C. A. Pollino, Baihua Fu Jul 2010

The Value Of Using Bayesian Networks In Environmental Decision Support Systems To Support Natural Resource Management., Wendy S. Merritt, Jenifer Ticehurst, C. A. Pollino, Baihua Fu

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Environmental Decision Support Systems (EDSS) are one of a suite of tools that natural resource management (NRM) practitioners may use to support the development of, or help report on the success, of NRM programs. This paper outlines two DSS that are being developed for state government or NRM agencies in Australia to assist them to develop, implement and manage programs aimed at improving resource condition. IBIS is an EDSS that models ecological outcomes of environmental flows. VegBN models the effectiveness of NRM interventions on native vegetation quality on private land in northern Victoria. The underlying model base of each EDSS …

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Modelling Flow And Concentration Field In Rectangular Water Tanks, F. Javier Martínez-Solano, Pedro L. Iglesias Rey, C. Gualtieri, P. Amparo López-Jiménez Jul 2010

Modelling Flow And Concentration Field In Rectangular Water Tanks, F. Javier Martínez-Solano, Pedro L. Iglesias Rey, C. Gualtieri, P. Amparo López-Jiménez

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Water storage tanks are usually designed with two objectives, i.e. to provide a specified maximum storage volume and to fix a certain total head over the water supply network. Only more recently, some attention has been paid to the water quality inside the storage tank since this can significantly affect the quality in the distribution systems. Sometimes conceptual models were proposed in the literature, but computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods can be considered as the best analysis and predictive tool in storage tanks water quality studies. In this paper, FLUENT®, a commercial CFD code, was applied to model flow and …

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Nonlinear Optimization For Improving The Operation Of Sewer Systems: The Bogot´A Case Study., J. M. Giraldo, S. Leirens, Mario Díaz-Granados, Juan Pablo Rodríguez Jul 2010

Nonlinear Optimization For Improving The Operation Of Sewer Systems: The Bogot´A Case Study., J. M. Giraldo, S. Leirens, Mario Díaz-Granados, Juan Pablo Rodríguez

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Sewer systems are considered as complex large-scale systems that traditionally collect and transport stormwater and sanitary sewage out from urban areas. Each subsystem is in itself composed of a large number of elements with time-varying behavior, exhibiting several operating modes and subject to changes due to external conditions and operational constraints. Sewer systems are mainly operated using pumping stations and pollutants are removed from sewage by treatment plants before water is released into the environment. When a sewer overflow occurs, e.g., caused by a strong rainfall, sewage is discharged directly into the environment with some dilution but without treatment. An …

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Reasoning About Actions For The Management Of Urban Wastewater Systems Using A Causal Logic, Dario Garcia-Gasull, Juan Carlos Nieves, Ulises Cortés Jul 2010

Reasoning About Actions For The Management Of Urban Wastewater Systems Using A Causal Logic, Dario Garcia-Gasull, Juan Carlos Nieves, Ulises Cortés

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

The management of Urban Wastewater Systems (UWS) is a critical and difficult process. Handling polluted water in UWS requires planning and decision making regarding sectors such as environmental, energetic, industrial, etc. In order to represent all the significant concepts, a powerful and flexible formalism is needed. Nowadays, there are solid approaches based on nonmonotonic reasoning which can capture dynamic domains such UWS. In this paper, we present an implementation of a real UWS in the action language Causal Calculator (CCalc-C+) which displays all the singularities of such domain and within which complex queries can be performed. The nonmonotonic causal theory, …

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Irrigation Management In Chile: Integrated Modeling Of Access Towater, T. Arnold, H. Uribe, Christian Troost, Thomas Berger Jul 2010

Irrigation Management In Chile: Integrated Modeling Of Access Towater, T. Arnold, H. Uribe, Christian Troost, Thomas Berger

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Fresh and clean water is one of the scarcest and most vital resources to humankind. Agriculture is the largest global water user. Irrigation managers must orchestrate water use at the catchment scale, balancing the management of supply and demand and taking into account the benefits from water use, its distribution among water users and environmental concerns. We present results from the integrated modeling of irrigation water use at catchment scale. An extended hydrological runoff model WaSiM-ETH that depicts inefficient surface irrigation was integrated with and coupled to a parametric model for irrigation water distribution, which is linked to the bio-economic …

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A Multi-Agent Framework For An Iedss In Urban Water Management, Joaquín Izquierdo, Idel Montalvo, Rafael Pérez-García, Joanna A. Gutiérrez-Pérez Jul 2010

A Multi-Agent Framework For An Iedss In Urban Water Management, Joaquín Izquierdo, Idel Montalvo, Rafael Pérez-García, Joanna A. Gutiérrez-Pérez

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Managers of water supply companies must be concerned about the lack of integrity of their systems. The consequences are varied: service disruptions; pipe breaks causing water wastage; pipe cracks causing water leaks and pathogen intrusion, a serious human health risk. Despite its importance, water hammer, one of the main vulnerabilities of water systems, still represents a challenge, due to the high level of complexity this problem exhibits. It is a fact that decision making regarding this issue lack efficiency, since more powerful tools are needed. One of the drawbacks of computer packages for hydraulic transient simulation in complex systems resides …

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Integrated Water Resource Security Evaluation Of Beijing Based On Grey Relation Analysis And Topsis, Jing Dai, Jingjing Chi, Bin Chen, Liping Ju Jul 2010

Integrated Water Resource Security Evaluation Of Beijing Based On Grey Relation Analysis And Topsis, Jing Dai, Jingjing Chi, Bin Chen, Liping Ju

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Security evaluation has become a hot topic in the research field of water resource management. In this paper, we established a novel water resource security indicator system based on the Pressure-Status-Response (PSR) framework using grey relation analysis and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). A case study of Beijing from 1996 to 2007 was conducted to verify the evaluation system. Results showed that the grey relative closeness degrees of water resource security to the positive ideal solution were low, with the least one of 0.360 in 1999 and largest one of 0.527 in 2007, implying that …

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Using A Statistical Model For The Description Of Uncertainties Associated With Dispersal Models, Ali S. Gargoum Jul 2010

Using A Statistical Model For The Description Of Uncertainties Associated With Dispersal Models, Ali S. Gargoum

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

A quick and accurate prediction of the dispersion of the contaminated material is crucial in case of environmental disasters (Nuclear or chemical accidents). Conventional atmospheric dispersion models (physical models) are widely used for forecasting toxic contamination and obtaining results in real-time with varying degrees of accuracy. These models are deterministic, and one of the most signi cant problems associated with their use in prediction is the large degree of uncertainty inherent in their predictions. The objective of this work is to present a Bayesian model Smith and French [1993] which embeds a dispersal model in a description of the uncertainties …

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The Use Of Experts’ Judgements To Assess Agri- Environmental Policies In The Venice Lagoon Watershed: A Bayesian Network Approach, Carpani Marta Jul 2010

The Use Of Experts’ Judgements To Assess Agri- Environmental Policies In The Venice Lagoon Watershed: A Bayesian Network Approach, Carpani Marta

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Expert elicitation processes are increasingly applied in environmental management, to deal with complex phenomena characterised by lack or scarcity of data. Information obtained from carefully defined elicitation protocols can overcome uncertainty limits and support decision-making processes. The work illustrates the potentials of an innovative methodological framework, built upon the integrated use of specific tools, such as cognitive maps and Bayesian networks (BNs). The methodology was applied to the Venice Lagoon Watershed (VLW) case study, to assess agri-environmental measures, adopted to reduce nitrogen diffuse pollution of water. The framework consisted of two main phases, both built upon processes eliciting judgments from …

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Development Of An Agent Based Coupled Economic And Hydrological Model Of The Deep Creek Watershed In British Columbia, Canada., John Janmaat, Markandu Anputhas Jul 2010

Development Of An Agent Based Coupled Economic And Hydrological Model Of The Deep Creek Watershed In British Columbia, Canada., John Janmaat, Markandu Anputhas

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Deep Creek is an important tributary of the Okanagan River system in Southern British Columbia. The creek drains a watershed with sediments deposited by multiple glacial events, resulting in a complex pattern of surface and groundwater connections throughout the basin. Further, the basin is experiencing changes in agricultural enterprises as well as population growth, and may be heavily impacted by climate change. The MIKE SHE integrated hydrological modeling system is being used to develop a model of the basin hydrology. The watershed is relatively small – with only a couple of hundred agricultural water users – lending itself to a …

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A Generic Framework For Multi-Disciplinary Environmental Modelling, Rolf Hennicker, Sebastian S. Bauer, Stephan Janisch, Matthias Ludwig Jul 2010

A Generic Framework For Multi-Disciplinary Environmental Modelling, Rolf Hennicker, Sebastian S. Bauer, Stephan Janisch, Matthias Ludwig

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

We present a generic framework for computer-based environmental modelling which supports the coupling of simulation models from various sciences to perform integrative simulations. The framework is, in principle, applicable to any kind of model which simulates spatially distributed environmental processes with an arbitrary, but discrete, time scale. During an integrative simulation the framework coordinates the coupled models which run in parallel exchanging iteratively data via their interfaces. For proving the correctness of the coordination, formal methods of software development have been applied. The framework provides a developer interface for the implementation of natural science and socio-economic simulation models. For the …

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Flow Kinematic Characteristics In The Scour Hole Downstream Of A Grade-Control Structure, Donatella Termini, Vincenzo Sammartano Jul 2010

Flow Kinematic Characteristics In The Scour Hole Downstream Of A Grade-Control Structure, Donatella Termini, Vincenzo Sammartano

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

The mathematical description of the evolution of the scour hole generated around a hydraulic structure requires a detailed analysis of the kinematic characteristics of flow and of turbulent structures. The scouring phenomenon is complex and experimental works show that the characteristics of such turbulent structures depend on the water jet condition and on the geometry of the structure itself. The aim of the present work is to get a better understanding on scour evolution and flow field downstream of a rigid basement of a control structure. The analysis is conducted by using experimental data collected in a straight laboratory flume …

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An Agglomeration Payment For Cost-Effective Biodiversity Conservation In Spatially Structured Landscapes, Martin Drechsler, Frank Wätzold, Karin Johst, Jason F. Shogren Jul 2010

An Agglomeration Payment For Cost-Effective Biodiversity Conservation In Spatially Structured Landscapes, Martin Drechsler, Frank Wätzold, Karin Johst, Jason F. Shogren

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Connected habitats are ecologically more valuable than isolated habitats for many species. A key challenge when designing payments for biodiversity in fragmented landscapes is to increase the spatial connectivity of habitats. Based on the idea of an agglomeration bonus we consider a scheme in which land-owners only receive payments if habitats are arranged in an ecologically favourable configuration. We compare the costeffectiveness of agglomeration payments to spatially homogeneous payments on a conceptual level. Our results suggest that positive efficiency gains exist for agglomeration payments. We use Large Blue butterfly habitat in Germany as a specific case study, and find the …

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Using A Statistical Model For The Description Of Uncertainties Associated With Dispersal Models, Ali S. Gargoum Jul 2010

Using A Statistical Model For The Description Of Uncertainties Associated With Dispersal Models, Ali S. Gargoum

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

A quick and accurate prediction of the dispersion of the contaminated material is crucial in case of environmental disasters (Nuclear or chemical accidents). Conventional atmospheric dispersion models (physical models) are widely used for forecasting toxic contamination and obtaining results in real-time with varying degrees of accuracy. These models are deterministic, and one of the most signi cant problems associated with their use in prediction is the large degree of uncertainty inherent in their predictions. The objective of this work is to present a Bayesian model Smith and French [1993] which embeds a dispersal model in a description of the uncertainties …

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Uncertainty Of A Biological Nitrogen And Phosphorus Removal Model, A. Cosenza, G. Mannina, G. Viviani Jul 2010

Uncertainty Of A Biological Nitrogen And Phosphorus Removal Model, A. Cosenza, G. Mannina, G. Viviani

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

In the last few years, the use of mathematical models in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) processes has become a common way to predict WWTP behaviour. However, mathematical models generally demand advanced input for their implementation that must be evaluated by an extensive data gathering campaign, which cannot always be carried out. This fact, together with the intrinsic complexity of the model structure, leads to model results that may be very uncertain. Quantification of the uncertainty is imperative. However, despite the importance of uncertainty quantification, only a few studies have been carried out in the wastewater treatment field, and those studies …

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Complexity Reduction In Environmental Models Using Cascading Simulation Framework, Marina G. Erechtchoukova, Peter A. Khaiter Jul 2010

Complexity Reduction In Environmental Models Using Cascading Simulation Framework, Marina G. Erechtchoukova, Peter A. Khaiter

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Environmental decision making requires data about current status of the environment andpossible environmental states after anthropogenic impact. Environmental models are aimedto produce the results which complement observations on environmental indicators whenthe latter cannot be obtained directly, e.g. missing observations or predictions. One of theapproaches to environmental modeling rests on process-based models. Environmentalindicators relevant to an investigated case study are selected and their spatial and/ortemporal dynamics is imitated by describing natural processes affecting the indicatorsbased on mathematical formulae. The set of indicators determines the number of modelstate variables and processes which must be taken into account. The processes whichsignificantly contribute to …

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Decision Support For Environmental Monitoring And Restoration: Application Of The Partially Observable Markov Decision Process, David Tomberlin Jul 2010

Decision Support For Environmental Monitoring And Restoration: Application Of The Partially Observable Markov Decision Process, David Tomberlin

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Environmental monitoring programs can improve management over time, butgenerally require that correspondingly less time and money be put into direct restorationefforts such as revegetation or dam removal. Thus, budget constraints compelenvironmental managers to make difficult decisions regarding the allocation of scarcefunds and personnel between environmental monitoring and environmental restoration.Among other factors, the best allocation of resources between monitoring and restoration—or, more generally, learning and doing—will depend on the quality of information availablefrom a monitoring program. This paper demonstrates the application of the partiallyobservable Markov decision process (POMDP) as a framework for investigating theoptimal intensity of monitoring given stochastic state dynamics …

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Modeling For Uncertainty Assessment In Human Health Risk Quantification: A Fuzzy Based Approach, Abdullah Mofarrah, Tahir Husain Jul 2010

Modeling For Uncertainty Assessment In Human Health Risk Quantification: A Fuzzy Based Approach, Abdullah Mofarrah, Tahir Husain

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Health risk analysis to the contaminated water involves the use of mechanisticmodels that include many uncertain and variable parameters. Currently, the uncertainties ofrisk analysis models are treated using statistical theories considering the randomness in datadistribution. However, not all uncertainties in data or model parameters are due torandomness. Other sources of imprecision that may lead to uncertainty include scarce orincomplete data, measurement error or subjective interpretation of available information.These kinds of uncertainties cannot be treated solely by statistical methods. This paper usesfuzzy set theory (FST) together with probability theory (PT) to incorporate uncertaintiesinto risk analysis model. Based on the form of …

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Parameter Inversion Model For Two Dimensional Parabolic Equation Using Levenberg-Marquardt Method, Tao Min, Zhulin Hao, Minquan Feng, Hansong Tang Jul 2010

Parameter Inversion Model For Two Dimensional Parabolic Equation Using Levenberg-Marquardt Method, Tao Min, Zhulin Hao, Minquan Feng, Hansong Tang

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

The problem of determining unknown parameters in the two-dimensional heat equationis considered. A method based on the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm (LMA) is examined. Theapproach is successfully applied to solve the inverse problem of a two-dimensional parabolicequation whose coefficient is a partition paragraph function. The numerical results demonstrate theeffectiveness of the proposed method.

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The Application Of Artificial Neural Network For Forecasting Dam Spillage Events., Anita Talib, Yahya Abu Hasan Jul 2010

The Application Of Artificial Neural Network For Forecasting Dam Spillage Events., Anita Talib, Yahya Abu Hasan

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Artificial Neural Network (ANN ) is applied for forecasting of dam spillage using a 10year hydrological dataset of Ahning Dam in the northern Malaysia at the Pedu-Mudaarea. During the rainy season, the Ahning Dam will overflow due to heavy rainfall.Increased siltation due to logging could contribute to worsen the overflow during thistime. This will lead to increasingly destructive floods downstream. Rainfall in the Pedu-Muda area is not constant. It is highly influenced by the monsoon seasons. During the dryseason, the dams may dry up. Siltation will further hamper the dams’ capability to storewater for irrigation.This study has shown that a …

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Waste Water Discharge Impact Modeling With Qual2k, Case Study: The Zayandeh-Rood River, Nader Nakhaei, Amir Etemad Shahidi Jul 2010

Waste Water Discharge Impact Modeling With Qual2k, Case Study: The Zayandeh-Rood River, Nader Nakhaei, Amir Etemad Shahidi

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

One of the most significant hydrological resources are rivers (especially for drinking water).Stream simulation or modeling is a common cost-effective way for water quality monitoringand predicting the future quality of rivers and streams.This paper describes and demonstrates the application of the U.S environmental protectionagency’s water quality model, QUAL2K, to The Zayandehrood River, one of the biggestRivers in Iran and Middle East, and also a way to increase dissolved oxygen in order tooptimize the water quality, simulation of affixing a weir and even more. First of all, the river’shydraulic factors such as roughness are precisely calibrated and subsequently with the first …

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Model Of Ventilated Façade In Buildings By Using Cfd Techniques, P. Amparo López-Jiménez, Miguel Mora-Pérez, Gonzalo López-Patiño, Miguel A. Bengochea Escribano Jul 2010

Model Of Ventilated Façade In Buildings By Using Cfd Techniques, P. Amparo López-Jiménez, Miguel Mora-Pérez, Gonzalo López-Patiño, Miguel A. Bengochea Escribano

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

In some countries, summer over-heating is a big problem in a building’s energy balance. Ventilated façades are a useful tool when applied to building design, especially in bioclimatic building design. A ventilated façade is a complex, multi-layer structural solution that enables dry installation of the covering elements. The objective of this paper is to quantify of the improvement in the efficiency of the thermal behaviour of buildings when this sort of façade is installed. These improvements are related to the ventilation capacity of the additional structure to the shield mainly for saving cooling power in summer in warm countries. This …

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