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An Investigation Of Engineering Design Cognition And Achievement In Primary School, Greg J. Strimel, Scott R. Bartholomew, Eunhye Kim, Liwei Zhang Oct 2018

An Investigation Of Engineering Design Cognition And Achievement In Primary School, Greg J. Strimel, Scott R. Bartholomew, Eunhye Kim, Liwei Zhang

Faculty Publications

This study examined the design cognition and achievement results of both kindergarten and fourth grade students engaged in engineering design-based instructional activities. Relationships between design cognition and student grade level, as well as quality of student work, were investigated. 30 concurrent think-aloud protocols were collected from individual primary students as they worked in groups to design and make a solution to a design task. The concurrent think-aloud protocols were examined and coded to determine the duration of time the participants devoted to a pre-established set of mental processes for technological problem solving. Significant differences between kindergarten and fourth grade participants …

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Using Machine Learning To Accurately Predict Ambient Soundscapes From Limited Data Sets, Katrina Lynn Pedersen Oct 2018

Using Machine Learning To Accurately Predict Ambient Soundscapes From Limited Data Sets, Katrina Lynn Pedersen

Theses and Dissertations

The ability to accurately characterize the soundscape, or combination of sounds, of diverse geographic areas has many practical implications. Interested parties include the United States military and the National Park Service, but applications also exist in areas such as public health, ecology, community and social justice noise analyses, and real estate. I use an ensemble of machine learning models to predict ambient sound levels throughout the contiguous United States. Our data set consists of 607 training sites, where various acoustic metrics, such as overall daytime L50 levels and one-third octave frequency band levels, have been obtained. I have data for …

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William Rosen, Justinian's Flea. Penguin Books, 2008, Mariana Tepfenhart Oct 2018

William Rosen, Justinian's Flea. Penguin Books, 2008, Mariana Tepfenhart

Comparative Civilizations Review

No abstract provided.

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Fully Convolutional Neural Networks For Pixel Classification In Historical Document Images, Seth Andrew Stewart Oct 2018

Fully Convolutional Neural Networks For Pixel Classification In Historical Document Images, Seth Andrew Stewart

Theses and Dissertations

We use a Fully Convolutional Neural Network (FCNN) to classify pixels in historical document images, enabling the extraction of high-quality, pixel-precise and semantically consistent layers of masked content. We also analyze a dataset of hand-labeled historical form images of unprecedented detail and complexity. The semantic categories we consider in this new dataset include handwriting, machine-printed text, dotted and solid lines, and stamps. Segmentation of document images into distinct layers allows handwriting, machine print, and other content to be processed and recognized discriminatively, and therefore more intelligently than might be possible with content-unaware methods. We show that an efficient FCNN with …

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A Quantitative Study Of The Deployment Of The Sender Policy Framework, Eunice Zsu Tan Oct 2018

A Quantitative Study Of The Deployment Of The Sender Policy Framework, Eunice Zsu Tan

Theses and Dissertations

Email has become a standard form of communication between businesses. With the prevalent use of email as a form of communication between businesses and customers, phishing emails have emerged as a popular social engineering approach. With phishing, attackers trick users into divulging their personal information through email spoofing. Thus, it is imperative to verify the sender of an email. Anti-spoofing mechanisms such as the Sender Policy Framework (SPF) have been developed as the first line of defense against spoofing by validating the source of an email as well as the presenting options of how to handle emails that fail to …

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Coordinated, Multi-Arm Manipulation With Soft Robots, Dustan Paul Kraus Oct 2018

Coordinated, Multi-Arm Manipulation With Soft Robots, Dustan Paul Kraus

Theses and Dissertations

Soft lightweight robots provide an inherently safe solution to using robots in unmodeled environments by maintaining safety without increasing cost through expensive sensors. Unfortunately, many practical problems still need to be addressed before soft robots can become useful in real world tasks. Unlike traditional robots, soft robot geometry is not constant but can change with deflation and reinflation. Small errors in a robot's kinematic model can result in large errors in pose estimation of the end effector. This error, coupled with the inherent compliance of soft robots and the difficulty of soft robot joint angle sensing, makes it very challenging …

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Certificate Revocation Table: Leveraging Locality Of Reference In Web Requests To Improve Tls Certificate Revocation, Luke Austin Dickinson Oct 2018

Certificate Revocation Table: Leveraging Locality Of Reference In Web Requests To Improve Tls Certificate Revocation, Luke Austin Dickinson

Theses and Dissertations

X.509 certificate revocation defends against man-in-the-middle attacks involving a compromised certificate. Certificate revocation strategies face scalability, effectiveness, and deployment challenges as HTTPS adoption rates have soared. We propose Certificate Revocation Table (CRT), a new revocation strategy that is competitive with or exceeds alternative state-of-the-art solutions in effectiveness, efficiency, certificate growth scalability, mass revocation event scalability, revocation timeliness, privacy, and deployment requirements. The CRT periodically checks the revocation status of X.509 certificates recently used by an organization, such as clients on a university's private network. By prechecking the revocation status of each certificate the client is likely to use, the client …

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Development And Use Of Lipidomics And Proteomics Methods To Identify And Measure Pro-Survival Metabolic Pathways In Cancer, Monique Merilyn Speirs Oct 2018

Development And Use Of Lipidomics And Proteomics Methods To Identify And Measure Pro-Survival Metabolic Pathways In Cancer, Monique Merilyn Speirs

Theses and Dissertations

Throughout society’s continual war against cancer, we have attempted pharmacological intervention only to find that tumors develop modes of resistance. It is well known that genetics play an integral role in cancer. Technological advances have greatly improved our ability to study cancer biochemistry beyond the genome by measuring changes in the expression and activity of RNA, proteins, and lipids in experimental models and human patients. As our techniques and technology to perform cancer research progresses, it is becoming more evident that cancer cells develop stress tolerance mechanisms at multiple levels within the central dogma, including altering mRNA expression, enzyme concentrations, …

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Thermochemical Conversion Of Biomass: Detailed Gasification And Near-Burner Co-Firing Measurements, Jacob B. Beutler Oct 2018

Thermochemical Conversion Of Biomass: Detailed Gasification And Near-Burner Co-Firing Measurements, Jacob B. Beutler

Theses and Dissertations

An increasing emphasis on mitigating global climate change (global warming) over the last few decades has created interest in a broad range of sustainable or alternative energy systems to replace fossil fuel combustion. Biomass, when harvested responsibly, is a renewable fuel with many uses in replacing fossil fuels. Cofiring biomass with coal in traditional large-scale coal power plants represents one of the lowest risk, least costly, near-term methods of CO2 mitigation. Simultaneously, it is one of the most efficient and inexpensive uses of biomass. Alternatively, biomass can be transformed into useful products through gasification to produce clean syngas for …

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Using Non Stem-Cells To Understand Early Tumor Growth, Jake Hogan, Heiko Enderling, Joel Brown, Robert A. Gatenby Sep 2018

Using Non Stem-Cells To Understand Early Tumor Growth, Jake Hogan, Heiko Enderling, Joel Brown, Robert A. Gatenby

Library/Life Sciences Undergraduate Poster Competition 2018

Tumors of similar size and shape can exhibit different responses to the same treatment. Targeted therapy aims to better treat these tumors by classifying them according to genotypic traits. A better understanding of how tumor traits such as non-stem cells influence tumor growth could improve targeted therapy. We hypothesize that the production of non-stem cells may aid tumor growth in avascular tumors (tumors lacking blood vessels).

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Approaching Arabic Automatic Speech Recognition With Usage, James Longstaff, Deryle Lonsdale Sep 2018

Approaching Arabic Automatic Speech Recognition With Usage, James Longstaff, Deryle Lonsdale

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The purpose of this project is to improve Arabic automatic speech recognition (ASR) by distinguishing between different dialects with the use of machine learning. Machine learning is the teaching of computers to recognize and distinguish between categories by themselves. Machine learning works off of statistical and mathematical algorithms implemented with computer programming.

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Using Aviris And Machine Learning To Map And Discriminate Bull Kelp And Giant Kelp Along The Pacific Coast Of The United States, Tanner Thompson, Dr. Ryan Jensen Sep 2018

Using Aviris And Machine Learning To Map And Discriminate Bull Kelp And Giant Kelp Along The Pacific Coast Of The United States, Tanner Thompson, Dr. Ryan Jensen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Kelp forests provide food and shelter for many organisms, and they are an important part of coastal ecosystems throughout the world. Along the Pacific coast of the United States, kelp forests are made up of two species of kelp: bull kelp (Nereocystis Leutkana) and giant kelp (Macrocystis Pyrifera). While similar, these two species are physiologically and structurally different.

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Bridging Two Fields: Game Theory And Crime And Punishment, Sarah Matthews, Mark Purves Sep 2018

Bridging Two Fields: Game Theory And Crime And Punishment, Sarah Matthews, Mark Purves

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Many scholars have drawn on the tools of Game Theory to explore the Humanities as a whole, but have failed to make sense of the great contributions of Russian literature. In fact, the only two articles dealing with Russian literary works and Game Theory were made in 1968 and 1988. Therefore, the purpose of our project was to frame Fyodor Dostoevsky’s novel Crime and Punishment through a reading of Game Theory. Approaching the novel in this light allowed us to better understand Raskolnikov’s behavior and the moral implications of his actions and the novel itself.

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Lctsr: The New Path To Academic Success, Faith Hathenbruck, Dr. Jamie Jensen Sep 2018

Lctsr: The New Path To Academic Success, Faith Hathenbruck, Dr. Jamie Jensen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The Lawson’s Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning1(LCTSR) is a content-independent measure of scientific reasoning abilities including conservation, proportional reasoning, identifying and controlling variables, probabilistic reasoning, correlational reasoning, and hypothetico-deductive reasoning. A relationship has been seen between scores on this test and a student’s decision to major in a STEM degree2 as well as with their performance in science, technology, engineering and mathematics, also known as STEM, courses3. Thus, the LCTSR can be a clever tool in predicting a student’s performance and persistence in STEM degrees. This test, however, has more potential than just predicting STEM …

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Origami-Based Deployable Ballistic Barrier, Kenny Seymour, Dakota Burrow, Alex Avila, Terri Bateman, David C. Morgan, Spencer P. Magleby, Larry L. Howell Sep 2018

Origami-Based Deployable Ballistic Barrier, Kenny Seymour, Dakota Burrow, Alex Avila, Terri Bateman, David C. Morgan, Spencer P. Magleby, Larry L. Howell

Faculty Publications

This paper demonstrates how recent developments in origami crease pattern adaptation, surrogate folds, and thickness accommodation techniques enabled development of an origami-based deployable ballistic barrier. The barrier crease pattern was employed using the membrane-fold technique for surrogate folds and to assist in thickness accommodation. A proof-of-concept barrier was fabricated and tested, demonstrating ballistic resistance, a large deployment ratio, and rapid deployment times.

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Rigidly Foldable Origami Flashers Based On Curved-Fold Model, Jacob Badger, Dr. Larry Howell Sep 2018

Rigidly Foldable Origami Flashers Based On Curved-Fold Model, Jacob Badger, Dr. Larry Howell

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The purpose of my research was to explore the application of curved folding in designing rigid-foldable deployable mechanisms. In recent years, origami fold patterns known as “flashers” have been investigated for their ability to efficiently pack deployable surfaces. While many patterns have been investigated, none are capable of folding surfaces composed of rigid panels that bend only along crease lines. We hoped to identify one such rigid-foldable flasher by basing it on a curved-fold pattern known as a logarithmic spiral flasher.

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Polynomial Fitting, R. Steven Turley Sep 2018

Polynomial Fitting, R. Steven Turley

Faculty Publications

This article reviews the theory and some good practice for fitting polynomials to data. I show by theory and example why fitting using a basis of orthogonal polynomials rather than monomials is desirable. I also show how to scale the independent variable for a more stable fit. I also demonstrate how to compute the uncertainty in the fit parameters. Finally, I discuss regression analysis: how to determine whether adding an additional term to the fit is justified.

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Visual Servoing For Precision Shipboard Landing Of An Autonomous Multirotor Aircraft System, Jesse Stewart Wynn Sep 2018

Visual Servoing For Precision Shipboard Landing Of An Autonomous Multirotor Aircraft System, Jesse Stewart Wynn

Theses and Dissertations

Precision landing capability is a necessary development that must take place before unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) can realize their full potential in today's modern society. Current multirotor UAS are heavily reliant on GPS data to provide positioning information for landing. While generally accurate to within several meters, much higher levels of accuracy are needed to ensure safe and trouble-free operations in several UAS applications that are currently being pursued. Examples of these applications include package delivery, automatic docking and recharging, and landing on moving vehicles. The specific problem we consider is that of precision landing of a multirotor unmanned aircraft …

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Fitting Parameter Uncertainties In Least Squares Fitting, R. Steven Turley Sep 2018

Fitting Parameter Uncertainties In Least Squares Fitting, R. Steven Turley

Faculty Publications

This article review the theory and practice of computing uncertainties in the fit parameters in least squares fits. It shows how to estimate the uncertainties and gives some numerical examples in Julia of their use. Examples are given and validated for both linear and nonlinear fits.

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Linear Least Squares Curve Fitting, R. Steven Turley Sep 2018

Linear Least Squares Curve Fitting, R. Steven Turley

Faculty Publications

This article is a review of the theory and practice behind linear least squares curve fitting. It outlines how to find the optimal parameters to match experimental data with theory and how to estimate the uncertainty in those parameters. The article demonstrates and validates these calculations in Excel, MATLAB, Mathematica, Python, and Julia.

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Cubic Interpolation With Irregularly-Spaced Points In Julia 1.4, R. Steven Turley Aug 2018

Cubic Interpolation With Irregularly-Spaced Points In Julia 1.4, R. Steven Turley

Faculty Publications

This article shows how to interpolate between regularly- or irregularly-spaced points in Julia 1.4. It has derivations of the theory behind cubic splines, and piece-wise cubic hermite polynomial interpolation. The spline interpolants are continuous and have continuous first and second derivatives. The hermite polynomial interpolants are continuous and have continuous first derivatives. Three techniques are implemented to determine the slope at the data points for the interpolation (knots). One uses the average slope of the neighboring segments. Another use the quadratic polynomial passing through the point and its two neighbors. The third, PCHIP, is similar to the first method, but …

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Teacher Professional Development For Computational Thinking, Stacie Lee Mason Aug 2018

Teacher Professional Development For Computational Thinking, Stacie Lee Mason

Instructional Psychology and Technology Graduate Student Projects

The purpose of this project was to design effective professional development to provide teachers the skills and confidence to teach computational thinking using robots. The product, Teacher Professional Development for Computational Thinking (TPD4CT), includes four professional development (PD) trainings and resources: in-school training, a lesson plan library, district-level training, and a train-the-trainers workshop.

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Leadership Development: A Study Of Elon Musk, Ryan H. Yauney Aug 2018

Leadership Development: A Study Of Elon Musk, Ryan H. Yauney

Marriott Student Review

As one of the most prolific businessmen of our time, Elon Musk is the epitome of a successful leader. Not only has Elon Musk succeeded in the entrepreneurial realm with his many profitable startups, but he has been able to guide these companies along their paths of massive growth and into the national spotlight. This article discovers which key attributes of Musk help him thrive, and how developing a company’s office culture can produce similar attributes in their own management.

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Marriott Student Review Volume 2 Issue 2: A Bright Future, Marianna Richardson Aug 2018

Marriott Student Review Volume 2 Issue 2: A Bright Future, Marianna Richardson

Marriott Student Review

In business, opportunities are often determined by passion, drive, and persuasion in delivering a brilliant vision for future opportunities. In this issue of Marriott Student Review, we explore the bright future of the business world. Each article focuses on some aspect of business and the exciting possibilities that lay ahead.

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Applied Mathematics, Jared P. Whitehead Aug 2018

Applied Mathematics, Jared P. Whitehead

BYU Research Development Office Research Networking Conference

Areas of Interest: Fluid dynamics, Uncertainty Quantification & Inverse Problems, Data Assimilation, Geophysics, Stability of Dynamical Processes, Asymptotics, and Variational Methods

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Forensic Science Research Opportunities, Conrad Monson Aug 2018

Forensic Science Research Opportunities, Conrad Monson

BYU Research Development Office Research Networking Conference

Forensic Sciences research needs, disciplines, and activity at BYU

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Fulbright Scholar Program Opportunities, Kristen Kellems Aug 2018

Fulbright Scholar Program Opportunities, Kristen Kellems

BYU Research Development Office Research Networking Conference

Programs offered by fulbright and assistance provided by BYU specialists

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Making Sounds Of Speech A Meaningful Part Of Life For Hearing Impaired, Gary Lawlor Aug 2018

Making Sounds Of Speech A Meaningful Part Of Life For Hearing Impaired, Gary Lawlor

BYU Research Development Office Research Networking Conference

Areas of Interest: Geometric optimization, focusing on discovering new method proofs, multiple bubbles optimal curves mathematical illumination

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An Ecological And Distributional Analysis Of Great Basin Bristlecone Pine (Pinus Longaeva), Gregory Watson Taylor Aug 2018

An Ecological And Distributional Analysis Of Great Basin Bristlecone Pine (Pinus Longaeva), Gregory Watson Taylor

Theses and Dissertations

Understanding the impacts of climate change is critical for improving the conservation and management of ecosystems worldwide. Ecosystems vary along a precipitation and temperature gradient, ranging from tropical jungles to arid deserts. The Great Basin is a semi-arid eco-region that is found within the western United States. Plant communities within the Great Basin range from sagebrush valleys to sub-alpine conifer forests found at high elevation areas. It is predicted that the Great Basin will experience prolonged periods of drought, more intense fires, and greater variability in average annual and monthly precipitation, all in response to changes in climate patterns. At …

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Developable Compliant-Aided Rolling-Contact Mechanisms, Todd G. Nelson, Just L. Herder Aug 2018

Developable Compliant-Aided Rolling-Contact Mechanisms, Todd G. Nelson, Just L. Herder

Student Works

Rolling-contact mechanisms can provide low-friction motion with unique kinematic paths. We show that developable surfaces can be used as a design tool for rolling-contact mechanisms joined with compliant bands. These mechanisms can exhibit 3D motion paths, couple rotational and translational motions into a single degree of freedom, and can be designed to exhibit various tailored kinetic responses. We set forth developable surface parametrizations well suited to the creation of rolling contacts. We highlight how the geodesic and principal curvatures of the non-ruling principal curves of a developable surface are meaningful design quantities for rolling contacts. We provide kinematic and kinetic …

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