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The Pedagogy Of A Church Leader: Lessons Learned From Joseph F. Smith's 1854-1916 Letters To His Sister, Martha Ann Smith Harris, David M. Whitchurch

Religious Educator: Perspectives on the Restored Gospel

No abstract provided.

Vol. 02 No. 2 Religious Educator, Religious Educator

Religious Educator: Perspectives on the Restored Gospel

No abstract provided.

Microfinance Impact Assessments: The Perils Of Using New Members As A Control Group, Dean S. Karlan

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

Microfinance institutions aim to reduce poverty. Some assess their impact through a cross-sectional impact methodology which compares veteran to new participants and then calls any difference between these two groups the "impact" of the program. Such studies have risen recently in popularity because they are cheap, easy to implement, and often encouraged by donors. USAID, through its AIMS project, encourages this methodology with its SEEP/AIMS practitioner-oriented tools. This paper intends to inform practitioners about the perils of using such a strategy, and suggests a couple of solutions to some of the larger problems with this approach.

The Foundational Doctrines Of 1 Nephi 11-14, Andrew C. Skinner

Religious Educator: Perspectives on the Restored Gospel

This article is adapted from a presentation given at the Annual Church Educational System Religious Educator Conference on 14 August 2001 at Brigham Young University.

The Credit Trap, Bernard Poduska

Marriage and Families

No abstract provided.

Do You Need To Clear The Air? Indoor Air Quality And Your Family's Health, Maribeth C. Clarke, Carolyn Garrison

Marriage and Families

No abstract provided.

Beloved Children, Faithful Fathers: Caring For Children With Special Needs, David C. Dollahite

Marriage and Families

No abstract provided.

Front Matter/ Editor's Notes: Microscopic Besties, Grandmas In The Computer, The Credit Trap, Lisa B. Hawkins

Marriage and Families

No abstract provided.

Full Issue, Marriage &. Families

Marriage and Families

No abstract provided.

The Decision To Breastfeed In The United States: Does Race Matter?, Renata Forste Phd, Jessica Weiss Bs, Emily Lippincott Bs

Faculty Publications

Objectives. To estimate the effects of maternal and birth characteristics on the decision to breastfeed and to relate breastfeeding practices to racial differences in infant mortality.

Methods. Using a sample of women with young children from the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), Cycle V, 1995, the likelihood of breastfeeding was modeled using logistic regression techniques. In addition, single, live births from the NSFG 1988 and 1995 surveys were analyzed to model the effects of race and breastfeeding on infant mortality using Cox regression methods.

Results. After controlling for socioeconomic background and birth characteristics, race remained a strong predictor of …

Journal Of Book Of Mormon Studies Volume 10 Issue 2, Neal A. Maxwell Institute For Religious Scholarship

Journal of Book of Mormon Studies

The Journal of the Book of Mormon and Other Restoration Scripture is a peer-reviewed journal dedicated to promoting understanding of the history, meaning, and significance of the scriptures and other sacred texts revealed through the Prophet Joseph Smith.

Brigham Young And The Book Of Mormon, W. Jeffrey Marsh

Journal of Book of Mormon Studies

Brigham Young studied the text of the Book of Mormon for approximately two years before he decided to be baptized. This article discusses how his family life prepared him to receive the teachings of the Book of Mormon and the influence his testimony had on him throughout his life, as second president of the church, and as the first governor of the state of Utah. Despite his conversion to the Book of Mormon, Brigham did not often refer to its teachings in his sermons. This seemingly strange practice was likely a result of the cultural dependence on the Bible at …

Serpent Symbols And Salvation In The Ancient Near East And The Book Of Mormon, Andrew C. Skinner

Journal of Book of Mormon Studies

The serpent is often used to represent one of two things: Christ or Satan. This article synthesizes evidence from Egypt, Mesopotamia, Phoenicia, Greece, and Jerusalem to explain the reason for this duality. Many scholars suggest that the symbol of the serpent was used anciently to represent Jesus Christ but that Satan distorted the symbol, thereby creating this paradox. The dual nature of the serpent is incorporated into the Old Testament, the New Testament, and the Book of Mormon.

Out Of The Dust: When The Day Turned To Night, Journal Of Book Of Mormon Studies

Journal of Book of Mormon Studies

The timing of volcanic eruptions in the Veracruz area, where many scholars suggest the Book of Mormon may have taken place, is contemporary with events recorded in the Book of Mormon, thus providing further evidence of the authenticity of that book.

A Paleoecologic Perspective On Past Plant Invasions In Yellowstone, Cathy Whitlock, Sarah H. Millspaugh

Western North American Naturalist

The role of climate and natural disturbance in the past provides a context for understanding present and future changes in biota. The vegetation history of the Yellowstone region, like that of North America as a whole, is largely one of plant invasions and extinctions in response to changes in climate and environment. When Holocene plant migrations are examined on multiple spatial and temporal scales, several generalities are apparent. First, at a continental and regional scale, plant migration patterns followed the direction of climate change, whereas at local scales plant colonization was governed by site-specific conditions and possibly by biotic interactions. …

Status And Conservation Of Salmonids In Relation To Hydrologic Integrity In The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, Robert W. Van Kirk, Lyn Benjamin

Western North American Naturalist

Native salmonid status was evaluated with an index quantifying distribution and abundance of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) and grayling (Thymallus arcticus) in 41 watersheds comprising the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. We assessed hydrologic integrity with a percentile-based index measuring cumulative effects of reservoirs, surface water withdrawals, and consumptive water use. Status of native salmonids was poor in 70% of the watersheds; exceptions occurred in a north-south core extending from the Upper Yellowstone southward through the national parks to Bear Lake. Hydrologic integrity was highest in headwater areas and lowest in lower-elevation watersheds. Status of native and nonnative …

Natural And Unnatural; Wild And Cultural, Holmes Rolston Iii

Western North American Naturalist

Yellowstone National Parks mission and policy can be clarified by analysis of the natural and the unnatural. Nature is a comprehensive word, in some uses excluding nothing; more useful is a contrast distinguishing nature and culture. Specifying "wild nature" denotes spontaneous nature absent human influence. Critics claim that the meaning of wild nature, especially of wilderness, is a foil of culture. Pristine nature, often romanticized, is contrasted with a technological and industrial culture. By this account, wilderness is a social construction.

Nevertheless, wild nature successfully denotes, outside culture, an evolutionary and ecological natural history, which remains present on the Yellowstone …

Effects Of Exotic Species On Yellowstone's Grizzly Bears, Daniel P. Reinhart, Mark A. Haroldson, David J. Mattson, Kerry A. Gunther

Western North American Naturalist

Humans have affected grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) by direct mortality, competition for space and resources, and introduction of exotic species. Exotic organisms that have affected grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Area include common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), nonnative clovers (Trifolium spp.), domesticated livestock, bovine brucellosis (Brucella abortus), lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), and white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola). Some bears consume substantial amounts of dandelion and clover. However, these exotic foods provide little digested energy compared to higher-quality bear foods. Domestic livestock are of greater energetic value, but …

Mountain Goats In The Greater Yellowstone Ecosytem: A Prehistoric And Historical Context, Paul Schullery, Lee Whittlesey

Western North American Naturalist

Because the relatively recent colonization of portions of Yellowstone National Park by introduced mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) from public game lands in Montana raises important policy and management questions for the park, it is necessary to understand the prehistoric and early historical record of mountain goats in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. We reviewed previous paleontological, archeological, and historical studies of goat presence and examined a large body of historical material for evidence of goats. Native mountain goat range most closely approached the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem to the west, but no modern authority claims goats were resident in the …

Biological Invasions—How Are They Affecting Us, And What Can We Do About Them?, Daniel Simberloff

Western North American Naturalist

Nonindigenous species affect native ecosystems, communities, and populations in myriad ways, from plants (and a few animals) that overgrow entire communities, to plants and animals that hybridize individual native species to a sort of genetic extinction. Further, nonindigenous species sometimes interact to worsen each others impact. These impacts are commonly seen in national parks throughout the United States. The key policy change required to alleviate this threat is a shift from blacklists of prohibited species and a presumption of harmlessness to combinations of white and blacklists and a presumption that any species may be damaging. This new guiding philosophy must …

New Approaches For Sampling And Modeling Native And Exotic Plant Species Richness, Geneva W. Chong, Robin M. Reich, Mohammed A. Kalkhan, Thomas J. Stohlgren

Western North American Naturalist

We demonstrate new multi-phase, multi-scale approaches for sampling and modeling native and exotic plant species to predict the spread of invasive species and aid in control efforts. Our test site is a 54,000-ha portion of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA. This work is based on previous research wherein we developed vegetation sampling techniques to identify hot spots of diversity, important rare habitats, and locations of invasive plant species. Here we demonstrate statistical modeling tools to rapidly assess current patterns of native and exotic plant species to determine which habitats are most vulnerable to invasion by exotic species. We use …

Managing A Complex Exotic Vegetation Program In Yellowstone National Park, Tom Olliff, Roy Renkin, Craig Mcclure, Paul Miller, Dave Price, Dan Reinhart, Jennifer Whipple

Western North American Naturalist

The number of documented exotic plants in Yellowstone National Park has increased from 85 known in 1986 to over 185 today. Exotic plants are substantially impacting the parks natural and cultural resources and are a high management priority. We have adopted an integrated weed management approach with regard to exotic vegetation, emphasizing prevention, education, early detection and eradication, control, and, to a lesser degree, monitoring. The program involves over 140 staff with program expenditures averaging approximately $190,000 annually. Prevention actions include requiring approved gravel on construction projects; banning hay in the backcountry and allowing transport of only certified weed-seed-free hay …

Economy And 'New Economy' In The United States And Germany, Phillip J. Bryson

Faculty Publications

The expression "New Economy" is used inconsistently. This Article review the driving forces of the US boom of the 1990s, examining the changes introduced in the period and before, focusing on the IT sector and new technologies. The "New Economy" is not just the new sectors, but changes in the overall economy emanating from them. These changes will not evaporate in an economic slowdown. Comparisons of the USA with Germany and Europe illustrate that the "New Economy" will also continue to develop there on the foundations already laid.

Frank Joseph Shulman, Gail King

Journal of East Asian Libraries

No abstract provided.

Comparative Phylogeography Of Mesoamerican Highland Rodents: Concerted Versus Independent Response To Past Climatic Fluctuations, Duke S. Rogers, Jack Sullivan, Elizabeth Arellano

Faculty Publications

The phylogeography of Sumichrast's harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys sumichrasti) was examined through maximumlikelihood and parsimony analyses of 1,130 bp of mitochondrial Cytochrome b sequence data from 43 individuals. The phylogeography of this Middle American highland forest-dwelling species was compared to that previously published for the codistributed Aztec deer mouse complex (Peromyscus aztecus/Peromyscus hylocetes complex) in order to test competing hypotheses of concerted versus independent responses of codistributed forms to past climatic fluctuations. Qualitatively, there were strong similarities in the phylogeographic patterns of the two groups, yet there were also areas of incongruence. Likelihood-ratio tests (Kishino-Hasegawa-Templeton and parametric bootstrap tests) indicated that …

Parenting Stress In Families With Children With Disabilities, Timothy B. Smith, Matthew N. I. Oliver, Mark S. Innocenti

Faculty Publications

Parenting stress is an important variable to consider in families with children with disabilities. This study evaluated 880 such families, using measures of child and family functioning. Results suggest that factors such as income, time available for interaction with the child, and social support predict parenting stress much better than do aspects of child functioning.

Natural Enemy Assemblages On Native And Reseeded Grasslands In Southwestern Montana: A Family-Level Analysis, Kevin M. O'Neill, William P. Kemp, Catherine Seibert, Marni G. Rolston, James A. Bess, T. Keith Philips

Western North American Naturalist

We conducted a 2-year survey, using sweep sampling and family-level taxon identification, of the predatory and parasitoid insects on grassland sites in the Gallatin Valley of southwestern Montana. The 25 sites were divided into 4 habitat classes: 2 native habitat types (Stipa comata/Bouteloua gracilisand Festuca idahoensis/Agropyron spicatum) and 2 that had been reseeded with either crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum) or smooth brome (Bromus inermis). Our major goal was to make quantitative comparisons of the abundance of insects among native and reseeded habitats. Of 51 families in 5 insect orders identified, 7 Hymenoptera (Encyrtidae, …

Variation In The Life History And Abundance Of Three Popluations Of Bruneau Hot Springsnails (Pyrgulopsis Bruneauensis), Greg C. Mladenka, G. Wayne Minshall

Western North American Naturalist

Bruneau hot springsnail density, size class structure, recruitment, and mortality were measured monthly over approximately 2 years and compared to environmental variables at 3 hot spring sites in southwestern Idaho. Food resources (attached algae) and water chemistry were similar among sites, but temperature, population density, and size structure differed significantly. Density was highest at a warm, fairly constant temperature site. A cooler, highly variable temperature site and a site where temperatures frequently approached or exceeded thermal maxima tolerance limits had lower densities. Size class structure varied seasonally and distinctly among sites, with recruitment occurring year-round at temperatures <36 °C. Mortality affected different size classes at different sites, with smaller snails incurring greatest mortality at site 3 (highest temperature variability). Growth rates were positively correlated with temperatures up to 36 °C. Mean snail size differed among sites and also appeared to be related to temperature, with the variable temperature sites having larger snails. Although these snail populations are found in a range of water temperatures, they appear best adapted to springs with mean temperatures between 32 °C and 33 °C and low thermal variance.

Catastrophic Wildfire And Number Of Populations As Factors Influencing Risk Of Extinction For Gila Trout (Oncorhynchus Gilae), D. Kendall Brown, Anthony A. Echelle, David L. Propst, James E. Brooks, William L. Fisher

Western North American Naturalist

We used the computer program RAMAS to explore the sensitivity of an extinction-risk model for the Gila trout (Oncorhynchus gilae) to management of wildfires and number of populations of the species. The Gila trout is an endangered salmonid presently restricted to very few headwaters of the Gila and San Francisco river tributaries in southwestern New Mexico. Life history data for 10 extant populations were used to examine sensitivity of the species viability to changes in a variety of factors including population size, fecundity, life stage structure, number of populations, severity and probability of forest fires, and a regulated …

Relationship Between Home Range Characteristics And The Probability Of Obtaining Successful Global Positioning System (Gps) Collar Positions For Elk In New Mexico, James R. Biggs, Kathryn D. Bennett, Phil R. Fresquez

Western North American Naturalist

We compared the ability of global positioning system (GPS) radio collars deployed on elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) to obtain valid positions (position acquisition rate [PAR]) in seasonal home ranges with differing vegetation and topographical characteristics. We also compared GPS collar PARs under varying levels of cloud cover and within differing daily time periods. We recorded a mean PAR of 69% (n = 10 elk, s = 14%) for collared elk. Multiple regression analysis of seasonal home range characteristics indicated that vegetation cover type and slope, either as individual variables or in combination with one another, were not …