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Articles 211 - 240 of 371
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Modelling Support To Improve The Quality Of Environmental Studies, Huub Scholten
Modelling Support To Improve The Quality Of Environmental Studies, Huub Scholten
International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software
Sound decisions in environmental management are often based on modelling, performed by teams consisting of team members with multidisciplinary backgrounds and solving multidisciplinary problems. Modelling in itself is a risky activity, in which many things can go wrong, including miscommunication within the team and between the team and the problem owner, malpractice, lack of process knowledge and a lack of documentation. This kind of problems makes modelling an obscure and arbitrary practice. The multidisciplinary character enhances the problem-solving scope of model studies, but does further increase the problems. Projects that use methods and tools for multidisciplinary model-based problem solving should …
State Of The Art In Methods And Software For The Identification, Resolution And Apportionment Of Contamination Sources, Roma Tauler, Pentti Paatero, Cliff Spiegelman, Eun Sug Park, Richard L. Poirot, Philip Hopke, Ronald C. Henry
State Of The Art In Methods And Software For The Identification, Resolution And Apportionment Of Contamination Sources, Roma Tauler, Pentti Paatero, Cliff Spiegelman, Eun Sug Park, Richard L. Poirot, Philip Hopke, Ronald C. Henry
International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software
Current approaches and recent developments and software related with multivariate factor analysis and related methods in the analysis of environmental data for the identification, resolution and apportionment of contamination sources are discussed and compared
Hydrology And Water Balance Of Devils Lake Basin: Part 1 Hydrometeorological Analysis And Lake Surface Area Mapping*
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
The spatial distribution of stocks of water is useful in studying flood, water pollution and water supply problems. Flood prone and closed basin watersheds benefit from spatial water balance studies in understanding the hydrologic processes and deal with excess water problems. In this study, we present results of a study of the hydrology Devils Lake basin of the Red River of the North, northeastern North Dakota partitioned in to two parts. Part 1 addresses the hydrometeorological analysis and lake surface area mapping of the basin and Part 2 deals with spatial surface water balance modeling using Landsat images and geographic …
Hydrologic Modeling Of The Upper Suriname River Basin Using Wetspa And Arcview Gis
Hydrologic Modeling Of The Upper Suriname River Basin Using Wetspa And Arcview Gis
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
A grid-based distributed hydrological model WetSpa, compatible with ArcView Geographic Information Systems (GIS), was applied to the 7,860 km2 Upper Suriname River basin. Model parameters were derived from a digital elevation model (DEM), land use and soil type map of the basin. These parameters and the observed daily meteorological data (1978-1983) were used (1) to tests the performance of the WetSpa model to a large tropical basin, (2) to simulate water balance and outflow hydrographs, (3) to identify the different flow components and (4) to study the most sensitive model parameters for the study catchment. The statistical model evaluation …
Hydrology And Water Balance Of Devils Lake Basin: Part 2 Grid-Based Spatial Surface Water Balance Modeling*
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
In this part of the study, grid-based spatial water balance approach was used to estimate the annual water balance of Devils Lake basin, hydrologically closed lake located in the Red River of the North basin, northeastern North Dakota. Landsat images from 1991 to 2003 were used in the study. Using spatial precipitation, land-cover and soils data, grid-based surface runoff was estimated based on the Curve Number method. The calibrated upstream runoff inflow for each grid cell was computed using a 10-m digital elevation model. Spatial evapotranspiration was estimated for the study area from remotely-sensed data using a surface energy flux …
Development Of A Multivariate Regression Model For Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Content Prediction*
Development Of A Multivariate Regression Model For Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Content Prediction*
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Although soil nitrate nitrogen (N) is a nutrient source for crop, it could be a potential nonpoint pollution source to the environment when its content remains high with an inappropriate management. Soil nitrate N content is affected by various factors, such as cultivation practices, N fertilizer application rate, soil properties, and climatic conditions. Understanding the effects of these factors on soil nitrate N content is necessary for nitrogen management and nonpoint source pollution control. Taking the data measured from 1996 to 1998 in a 25 ha row crop field located in Central Iowa, this paper intended to study the interwoven …
The Benefits Of A For-Credit Course For New Writing Center Staff, Richard Benjamin Crosby
The Benefits Of A For-Credit Course For New Writing Center Staff, Richard Benjamin Crosby
Faculty Publications
Some questions about writing center theory and praxis never seem to change: how do we prepare for our clientele? How do we engage them? What questions should we ask? When should we direct them? And when should we encourage them to direct us? The list goes on. Fortunately, we consider it a virtue that we continue interrogating the same issues. As students of rhetoric, we realize that the answers to these questions often depend on the contexts in which they are asked. Thus, we give ourselves over to principles of adaptability. Instead of establishing rigid, universal rules that do not …
Developing A Gis And Hydrological Modeling Approach For Sustainable Water Resources Management In The West Bank -- Palestine, Walid Wajeeh Sabbah
Developing A Gis And Hydrological Modeling Approach For Sustainable Water Resources Management In The West Bank -- Palestine, Walid Wajeeh Sabbah
Theses and Dissertations
This research deals with setting up a GIS and hydrological modeling based approach for sustainable water resources management in the West Bank of Palestine. This water sustainability approach took into consideration the water balance, the social, the economic, the demographic, the environmental, and the institutional components in order to enhance and promote the sustainable development in Palestine, both on the short and long runs. To evaluate the water balance component, a methodology was introduced to create the Water Sustainability Map (WSM). Since the groundwater is currently the only accessible water source by the Palestinians, the WSM is represented by the …
Microwave Remote Sensing Of The Greenland Ice Sheet: Models And Applications, Ivan S. Ashcraft
Microwave Remote Sensing Of The Greenland Ice Sheet: Models And Applications, Ivan S. Ashcraft
Theses and Dissertations
Spaceborne microwave sensors are powerful tools for monitoring the impacts of global climate change on the Greenland ice sheet. This dissertation focuses on refining methods for applying microwave data in Greenland studies by using new simple theoretical and empirical models to investigate (1) azimuth anisotropies in the data, (2) the microwave signature of the snow surface, (3) detection of snow melt, and (4) classification of snow melt. The results are applicable for identifying geophysical properties of the snow surface and monitoring changes on the ice sheet in relation to melt duration/extent, accumulation, and wind patterns. Azimuth dependence of the normalized …
Spatial Modelling Of Air Pollution In Urban Areas With Gis: A Case Study On Integrated Database Development, L. Matejicek
Spatial Modelling Of Air Pollution In Urban Areas With Gis: A Case Study On Integrated Database Development, L. Matejicek
International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software
A wide range of data collected by monitoring systems and by mathematical and physical modellingcan be managed in the frame of spatial models developed in the GIS. In addition to data management andstandard environmental analysis of air pollution, data from remote sensing (aerial and satellite images) canextend all the data sets. In spite of that simulation of air pollutant distribution is carried out by standalonecomputer systems, the spatial database in the frame of the GIS is used to support decision-making processesin a more efficient way. Mostly, data are included in the map layers as attributes. Other map layers are carriedout …
Simulation Of Water And Carbon Fluxes In Agro- And Forest Ecosystems At The Regional Scale, J. Post, Valentina Krysanova, F. Suckow
Simulation Of Water And Carbon Fluxes In Agro- And Forest Ecosystems At The Regional Scale, J. Post, Valentina Krysanova, F. Suckow
International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software
To investigate effects of different land use management practices on carbon fluxes at the regional scale we developed an integrated model by coupling an ecohydrological river basin model SWIM (Soil and Water Integrated Model) and a soil organic matter model SCN (Soil-Carbon-Nitrogen model). The latter is a submodel of the forest growth model 4C. The extended integrated model combines hydrological processes, crop and vegetation growth, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus cycles and soil organic matter turnover. It is based on a three level spatial disaggregation scheme (basin, subbasin and hydrotopes), whereas a hydrotope is a set of elementary units in the subbasin …
Structured Modeling Technology: A Modeling Environment For Integrated Environmental Assessment, W. Purwasih, Y. Nakamori
Structured Modeling Technology: A Modeling Environment For Integrated Environmental Assessment, W. Purwasih, Y. Nakamori
International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software
Sound environmental decision-making and assessment require integration of modelingresources such as models and complex tools, large volumes of often disparate and multi-format data fromnumerous sources and effective methods of disseminating and presenting results that allow broad,interactive participation in the assessment and decision-making process. This paper discusses how data sets,models and modeling tools are incorporated into the design of a structured modeling environment. In thispaper, we describe the background and implementation of structured modeling environment, which wasdeveloped to facilitate and integrate many aspects of the modeling process. The conceptual frameworkunderpinning the structured modeling technology identifies the major aspects of integration betweendatabase …
Operational And Forecasting Real-Time Air Quality Tool For Industrial Plants, R. San José, J. L. Pérez, R. M. González
Operational And Forecasting Real-Time Air Quality Tool For Industrial Plants, R. San José, J. L. Pérez, R. M. González
International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software
A tool (TEAP) to evaluate in real-time and operational mode the air quality produced by industrial plants (power plants also) has been developed based on the third generation of air quality modelling systems. The system uses the non-hydrostatic mesoscale meteorological model MM5 (PSU/NCAR, USA) and the air quality modelling system (transport and chemistry) CMAQ (Community Multiscale Air Quality Modelling System) (EPA, USA) by using the so-called ON/OFF scenario which allows the user to have in advance (48 - 72 hours) a detailed information in time and space on what is the relative impact of the industrial emissions in an area …
An Assessment Of The Value Of Seasonal Forecasts In Australian Farming Systems, R. A. Letcher, F. H. S. Chiew, A. J. Jakeman
An Assessment Of The Value Of Seasonal Forecasts In Australian Farming Systems, R. A. Letcher, F. H. S. Chiew, A. J. Jakeman
International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software
Reliable rainfall and streamflow forecasts several months ahead can benefit the management of water resource systems, particularly in Australia where the hydroclimate variability is high. Previous studies have shown that streamflow can be forecast by exploiting the lag relationship between streamflow and ENSO and the serial correlation in streamflow. This paper investigates the potential for seasonal forecasts to increase the profitability of irrigation production decisions, using an integrated hydrologic-economic model. Alternative water allocation policies and climate regimes are considered using a scenario-based approach and the potential value of climate forecasts estimated using the integrated model. The results can be used …
A Generalised Conceptual Framework For Integrated Assessment Modelling Of Water Resource Management Issues, R. A. Letcher, A. J. Jakeman, B. F. W. Croke
A Generalised Conceptual Framework For Integrated Assessment Modelling Of Water Resource Management Issues, R. A. Letcher, A. J. Jakeman, B. F. W. Croke
International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software
Nodal network approaches are a common framework for considering water allocation problems. In this type of model framework, a river basin is represented as a series of nodes, where nodes generally represent key points of extraction along the stream. Agricultural production and other water use decisions generally interact with the stream system in two ways: they can affect the generation of runoff and thus the volume of water reaching the stream; or, they may involve direct extraction or use of streamflow once it has reached the stream. This paper provides a generalised conceptual framework for considering these types of interactions …
A Proposed Rule-Discovery Scheme For Regionalisation Of Rainfall-Runoff Characteristics In New South Wales, Australia, J. M. Spate, B. F. W. Croke, J. P. Norton
A Proposed Rule-Discovery Scheme For Regionalisation Of Rainfall-Runoff Characteristics In New South Wales, Australia, J. M. Spate, B. F. W. Croke, J. P. Norton
International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software
A project which sets out to explore alternative methods of regionalisation for prediction ofstreamflow in ungauged catchments is described. A commonly applied regionalisation methodology estimatesmodel parameters for the ungauged basin from multiple linear regressions between parameters and catchmentattributes, calibrated on gauged catchments. Its effectiveness is limited by the availability of sufficientlysimilar, well gauged and modelled catchments. In this paper a different approach is adopted, employing a datamining methodology to seek a useful set of rules in the catchment attribute space with parameter values asconsequent. The outline of a hypothesis testing algorithm is given, along with a suggestion for a newdiscretisation …
Uncertainties In Lca Of Plant-Growth Regulators And Implications On Decision-Making, Georg Geisler, Stefanie Hellweg, Konrad Hungerbühler
Uncertainties In Lca Of Plant-Growth Regulators And Implications On Decision-Making, Georg Geisler, Stefanie Hellweg, Konrad Hungerbühler
International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software
Uncertainty assessment in LCA enables the evaluation of the significance of results, which is important for providing sound decision-support. In this work, an LCA was performed on two plant-growth regulators considering various sources of uncertainty: In the LCI, uncertainties of imprecise measurements of elementary flows, temporal and spatial variation, and different production processes were assessed. In the characterisation phase, the uncertainties of substance properties and the composition of sum-parameters were considered. These uncertainties were expressed as probability distributions and assessed via stochastic modelling (Monte-Carlo Simulation). For most LCI- and LCIA-data, generic uncertainty ranges were used. Uncertainties due to assumptions on …
Applying Agent Technology In Environmental Management Systems Under Real-Time Constraints, Ioannis N. Athanasiadis, P. A. Mitkas
Applying Agent Technology In Environmental Management Systems Under Real-Time Constraints, Ioannis N. Athanasiadis, P. A. Mitkas
International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software
Changes in the natural environment affect our quality of life. Thus, government, industry, and the public call for integrated environmental management systems capable of supplying all parties with validated, accurate and timely information. The ‘near real-time’ constraint reveals two critical problems in delivering such tasks: the low quality or absence of data, and the changing conditions over a long period. These problems are common in environmental monitoring networks and although harmless for off-line studies, they may be serious for near real-time systems. In this work, we discuss the problem space of near real-time reporting Environmental Management Systems and present a …
A Review Of Approaches To Treat Uncertainty In Lca, Reinout Heijungs, Mark A. J. Huijbregts
A Review Of Approaches To Treat Uncertainty In Lca, Reinout Heijungs, Mark A. J. Huijbregts
International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software
It is important to know to what extent the outcome of an LCA is affected by various types ofuncertainty, such as parameter, scenario and model uncertainty. These types may occur in the goal andscope definition, the inventory analysis and the impact assessment of an LCA. Information on the uncertaintyof the model outcomes provides useful information to assess the reliability of LCA-based decisionsand to guide future research towards reducing uncertainty. This paper reviews several approaches to treatdifferent types of uncertainty in LCA. It will discuss the typology of uncertainty that may be encountered inLCA, the qualitative and quantitative techniques that are …
Assessing The Ecological Impacts Of Salinity Management Using A Bayesian Decision Network, A. Sadoddin, R. A. Letcher, Lachlan T. H. Newham
Assessing The Ecological Impacts Of Salinity Management Using A Bayesian Decision Network, A. Sadoddin, R. A. Letcher, Lachlan T. H. Newham
International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software
This paper outlines a component of a study currently being undertaken to provide a new tool for the holistic management of dryland salinity. The Little River catchment in the upper Macquarie River basin of New South Wales (NSW), Australia, is used as a case study. The model uses a Bayesian Decision Network (BDN) approach to integrating the various system components – biophysical, social, ecological, and economic. The method of integration of the system components is demonstrated through an example application showing the impacts of various scenarios on terrestrial and riparian ecology. The paper outlines these scenarios and demonstrates the way …
Chemometrics Modelling Of Environmental Data, Roma Tauler, Emma Peré-Trepat, Silvia Lacorte, Damià Barceló
Chemometrics Modelling Of Environmental Data, Roma Tauler, Emma Peré-Trepat, Silvia Lacorte, Damià Barceló
International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software
Environmental monitoring studies produce huge amounts of concentration values of chemicalsspread at distant geographical sites and during different time periods. Moreover, the content of chemicals isalso estimated at different environmental compartments (i.e. air, water, sediments, biota...). All these datavalues are difficult to cope and evaluate in a simple and fast way using simple univariate statistical tools,specially due to their large number and to their multivariate correlation. In order to discover relevant patternswithin large multivariate data sets, the application of modern chemometric methods based in statisticalmultivariate data analysis and in Factor Analysis is proposed. The basic assumption of chemometric methodsis that …
Regionalisation Of Rainfall-Runoff Models, B. F. W. Croke, J. P. Norton
Regionalisation Of Rainfall-Runoff Models, B. F. W. Croke, J. P. Norton
International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software
A new approach to regionalisation for prediction of flow characteristics in ungauged catchments is presented. If flows in ungauged catchments are to be predicted using calibrated rainfall-runoff models, regional relationships between the parameters of such models and catchment attributes must be determined. This is only possible with parsimonious models (fewer than about 7 parameters), and even then there are considerable uncertainties in the prediction of ungauged catchment response, due to the accumulation of uncertainties in the regionalization process for estimating parameter values. The uncertainties in the catchment attributes and climate data used for the ungauged catchment combine with the uncertainty …
Simulating Global Feedbacks Between Sea Level Rise, Water For Agriculture And The Complex Socio-Economic Development Of The Ipcc Scenarios, Saskia Werners, Roelof Boumans, Laurens Bouwer
Simulating Global Feedbacks Between Sea Level Rise, Water For Agriculture And The Complex Socio-Economic Development Of The Ipcc Scenarios, Saskia Werners, Roelof Boumans, Laurens Bouwer
International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software
The Global Unified Meta-model of the BiOsphere (GUMBO) was used to simulate how the socioeconomicconditions specified in the Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) of the IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) influence vulnerability to climate change. Input parametersare the consumer preferences, investment strategies, natural resources management and technologicaldevelopment associated with the SRES scenarios. From this input the characteristic SRES driving forcespopulation growth, economic development and fossil fuel use were reproduced in GUMBO with thecorresponding climate scenarios (temperature change, sea level rise and rainfall patterns). This articleshows alternative pathways of development exist that yield the same SRES driving forces but that …
Species Diversity And Habitat Of Grassland Passerines During Grazing Of A Prescribe-Burned, Mixed-Grass Prairie, Robert F. Danley, Robert K. Murphy, Elizabeth M. Madden
Species Diversity And Habitat Of Grassland Passerines During Grazing Of A Prescribe-Burned, Mixed-Grass Prairie, Robert F. Danley, Robert K. Murphy, Elizabeth M. Madden
Western North American Naturalist
No published data exist on responses of grassland passerines and their habitat to combined grazing and burning treatments in northern mixed-grass prairie. At Lostwood National Wildlife Refuge (LNWR) in northwestern North Dakota, we monitored breeding bird occurrence, abundance, and habitat during successive annual grazing treatments (1998–2000) on 5 prescribe-burned, mixed-grass prairie management units (range = 50–534 ha, each burned 3–6 times in the previous 10–20 years). All breeding passerine species characteristic of upland, northern mixed-grass prairie were common (>10% occurrence) during at least 1 of 3 years on burned and grazed units, except Chestnut-collared Longspur (Calcarius ornatus), …
Effects Of Clearcutting And Wildfire On Shrews (Soricidae: Sorex) In A Utah Coniferous Forest, J. Creed Clayton
Effects Of Clearcutting And Wildfire On Shrews (Soricidae: Sorex) In A Utah Coniferous Forest, J. Creed Clayton
Western North American Naturalist
No abstract provided.
Use Of Catchment Attributes To Identify The Scale And Values Of Distributed Parameters In Surface And Sub-Surface Conceptual Hydrology Models, P. W. Carlile, A. J. Jakeman, B. F. W. Croke, B. G. Lees
Use Of Catchment Attributes To Identify The Scale And Values Of Distributed Parameters In Surface And Sub-Surface Conceptual Hydrology Models, P. W. Carlile, A. J. Jakeman, B. F. W. Croke, B. G. Lees
International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software
Improved prediction for problems in catchment hydrology requires an ability to spatially disaggregate and connect surface and sub-surface components. This paper considers two hydrological models for use in such disaggregation and coupling: a lumped conceptual rainfall-runoff model (IHACRES) and a physics based conceptual groundwater discharge model. Smaller gauged catchments in the vicinity can be used to regionalise and parameterise the coupled model using catchment attributes prior to running the model in a larger catchment with fewer gauges. Regionalisation in gauged catchments at appropriate scales would capture the uncertainty of the relationships between catchment attributes and model parameter values, including the …
Modelling Of Pop Environmental Persistence And Long Range Transport By Qsar And Chemometric Approaches, Paola Gramatica, Ester Papa, Stefano Pozzi
Modelling Of Pop Environmental Persistence And Long Range Transport By Qsar And Chemometric Approaches, Paola Gramatica, Ester Papa, Stefano Pozzi
International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software
The Long Range Transport (LRT) potential of chemicals is due to the combination of theirpersistence in the environment and their inherent tendency towards mobility, and is an undesirableproperty of POPs (Persistent Organic Pollutants). Finding the best combination of chemical properties tominimize LRT is a multicriteria problem that can be approached by MultiCriteria Decision-Making(MCDM) techniques. Utility functions have been applied to two proposed indexes, the “globalpersistence index” and the “mobility index”, allowing a ranking of the studied chemicals according totheir LRT potential. The “global persistence index” was obtained by linear combination, by PrincipalComponent Analysis of the half-life data in various environmental …
Ecological Modelling Using The Spreadsheet Model Tabsim, L. Matejicek
Ecological Modelling Using The Spreadsheet Model Tabsim, L. Matejicek
International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software
Simulation of ecological systems represents more sophisticated analysis, which extends possibilities of standard research methods. In contrast to majority of computer languages available for calculation of dynamic models, spreadsheet models (TabSim-Table Simulation) offer to spend more effort on investigating the features of a dynamic system, rather than writing a program code. The program structures are replaced by table objects, which represent basic dynamic relations (integrations and time delays) and static relations (described by built-in functions and user functions). In addition to calculation of dynamic and static relations, the wide range of built-in graphs and graphic objects can be used for …
Data-Based Mechanistic And Top-Down Modelling, Peter C. Young
Data-Based Mechanistic And Top-Down Modelling, Peter C. Young
International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software
The paper discusses the problems associated with environmental modelling and the need to develop simple, ‘top-down’, stochastic models that match the information content of the data. It introduces the concept of Data-Based Mechanistic (DBM) modelling and contrasts its inductive approach with the hypotheticodeductive approaches that dominate most environmental modelling research at the present time. The major methodological procedures utilized in DBM modelling are outlined and two practical examples illustrate how it has been applied in a hydrological and water quality context. The use of this same methodology as a basis for the evaluation and simplification of large deterministic simulation models …
Experiences In An Integrated Assessment Of Water Allocation Issues In The Namoi River Catchment, Australia, R. A. Letcher, A. J. Jakeman
Experiences In An Integrated Assessment Of Water Allocation Issues In The Namoi River Catchment, Australia, R. A. Letcher, A. J. Jakeman
International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software
The Namoi river catchment in northern NSW is an important irrigation region. However water resources in this region are increasingly stressed. Both surface and groundwater supplies are overallocated in many areas of the catchment. Management options to reduce allocations in line with available supply and environmental requirements are expected to have long term social, economic and environmental implications. This paper looks at an integrated assessment model which has been developed to assess long term outcomes of management options for water allocation in the catchment. The development of this tool has been undertaken using an iterative approach with key stakeholders. Feedback …