Digital Commons Network^™

A Comparison Of Rfssw And Rsw For Automotive Manufacturing, Damon Michael Gale

Theses and Dissertations

Historically, automotive body panels have been made of steel and joined by a process called resistance spot welding (RSW). However, in efforts to reduce vehicle weight to improve the energy efficiency of the vehicle, automotive manufactures have begun substituting aluminum in place of steel. While aluminum can be joined with RSW, a myriad of challenges arise from doing so. These challenges result in less consistent weld quality and accelerated electrode wear. Refill friction stir spot welding (RFSSW) is an emerging joining technology that could replace RSW as it is believed to be capable of creating superior joints in thin sheet …

Music Is My Language: Analyzing Autism Acceptance Within Communities, Cielo Bake

Undergraduate Honors Theses

This thesis explores the intersection of music and romanticism, drawing upon the emotional expressionism of Romantic era composers, inspired by Romantic literature, such as Frederic Chopin and Franz Liszt as a vehicle for communication. The ultimate goal was to determine a way to bridge the neurodivergent and neurotypical gaps in connection, enabling a stronger community that values every member of its locale and allows for a sense of belonging. The format for this research is through a performance, comprised of a piano recital of Romantic Era music by Frederic Chopin and Franz Liszt and improvised original music with a speech. …

Site Amplification In The Salt Lake Valley, Utah, During The 2020 Magna Earthquake, Blair A. Hanson

Theses and Dissertations

Site amplification in the Salt Lake Valley, Utah, has been a focus for both geologists and engineers due to its complex geology and seismic vulnerability. This study utilizes data from the 2020 Magna Earthquake to analyze site amplification from previously unavailable strong ground motion data. Ground motion data from the University of Utah Regional Seismic Network and the National Strong Motion Project, combined with extensive soil profiles, was analyzed using the program DEEPSOIL. The study compares computed motions with measured motions, revealing differences in site amplification across the Salt Lake Valley. Notably, the highest amplification was observed at longer periods …

Discharge-To-Water Level Conversion Using Monthly Duration Curves (Dwl-Mdc): Enhancing The Utility Of The Geoglows Ecmwf Hydrological Model, Darlly Judith Rojas Lesmes

Theses and Dissertations

Flood early warning systems are crucial for disaster risk reduction strategies, enabling communities to take timely action against threats. However, the effectiveness of these systems depends on accurate and timely hydrological data, particularly river discharge and water level measurements. Unfortunately, many regions, face significant challenges in obtaining hydrological data, especially discharge data due to outdated rating curves, high equipment costs, and logistical constraints. Water level measurements, by contrast, offer reduced uncertainty and are often more accessible, providing an alternative for hydrological modeling in data-scarce regions. To address these limitations, we developed and validated the Discharge-to-Water Level Conversion Using Monthly Duration …

Acoustofluidics-Based Intracellular Nanoparticle Delivery, Zhishang Li, Zhenhua Tian, Jason N. Belling, Joseph Rich, Haodong Zhu, Zhehan Ma, Hunter Bachman, Liang Shen, Yaosi Liang, Xiolin Qi, Liv K. Heidenreich, Yao Gong, Shujie Yang, Wenfen Zhang, Peiran Zhang, Yingchun Fu, Yibin Ying, Steven J. Jonas, Yanbin Li, Paul S. Weiss, Tony J. Huang

Faculty Publications

Controlled intracellular delivery of biomolecular cargo is critical for developing targeted therapeutics and cell reprogramming. Conventional delivery approaches (e.g., endocytosis of nano-vectors, microinjection, and electroporation) usually require time-consuming uptake processes, labor-intensive operations, and/or costly specialized equipment. Here, we present an acoustofluidics-based intracellular delivery approach capable of effectively delivering various functional nanomaterials to multiple cell types (e.g., adherent and suspension cancer cells). By tuning the standing acoustic waves in a glass capillary, our approach can push cells in flow to the capillary wall and enhance membrane permeability by increasing membrane stress to deform cells via acoustic radiation forces. Moreover, by coating …

Stress, Screens, And Social Skills: Parental Stress As A Longitudinal Predictor Of Preschool Social Behavior Mediated By Parental Technoference, Sarah Ashby

Theses and Dissertations

This study examines the longitudinal relationship between parental stress, parental technoference, and preschool children's social behavior, including physical aggression, relational aggression, and prosocial behavior. Using data from Project M.E.D.I.A., the study explores how parental stress may be linked to disruptions in parent-child interactions through increased use of digital media, termed "technoference." It was predicted that an increase in parental stress would increase physical and relational aggression, and decrease prosocial behavior over time, as mediated by parental technoference. A sample of 460- parent-child dyads was analyzed across three time points using structural equation modeling. Despite expectations, results did not find significant …

Effects Of Microbial Lipases On Parmesan And Feta Cheese Flavor Profiles, Erin N. Caswell

Theses and Dissertations

Lipolysis is crucial for cheese flavor development, as lipolytic enzymes convert fats into free fatty acids that enhance flavor. While Kid/Goat (KG) lipases are traditionally used in cheese production, microbial lipases like M. javanicus (MJ) and C. cylindracea (CC) provide vegetarian, cost-effective alternatives. This study compares the flavor, texture, and composition of Feta and Parmesan cheeses made with microbial lipases as a replacement for traditional lipase. Conventional cheese making techniques were used to make experimental batches of Feta and Parmesan cheeses using a standard KG lipase and two experimental lipases, CC and MJ, and comparing all three against a control …

Climate Change Impacts On Dryland Ecosystems, Tanner Tainui Aiono

Theses and Dissertations

Dryland ecosystems are some of the most prevalent ecosystems on Earth and have recently shown stress indicators from climate change. These water-limited systems are vulnerable to increases in temperature and changes in precipitation, especially when looking at carbon cycling dynamics across biological sol crusts and vegetation mortality patterns. This dissertation aims to 1) evaluate how precipitation dynamics, vegetation location, and microclimate conditions influence biological soil crust carbon conditions, and 2) evaluate how topographic influences drive patterns of plant mortality during prolonged drought on the Colorado Plateau. Using high-resolution monitoring of long-term NEE chambers, we found that intermediately disturbed biocrusts are …

The Impact Of Positive-To-Negative Teacher Interaction Ratio On Student Performance, Naomi L. Phillips

Theses and Dissertations

Challenging behavior is a growing problem for teachers. Praise has been promoted as a positive strategy for addressing problem behavior. The ratio of praise-to-correction (positive-to-negative) may be important to the effectiveness of praise. A 4:1 ratio has been recommended as optimal to improve student performance. This ratio has never been experimentally tested. There is little known of the feasibility and social validity for maintaining a high positive-to-negative ratio. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a 4:1 positive-to-negative ratio (PNR) on problem behavior and academic performance of junior high students with an intellectual disability classification in …

Development Of Sensing Capabilities For Agricultural Robotics, Carter Noh

Theses and Dissertations

Agricultural robotics is a rapidly growing industry with the possibility to revolutionize food production. Agricultural robots often require custom sensing solutions to perform specific tasks. Developing the appropriate sensing capabilities for an application is therefore an important step in the automation process. In this thesis I present two case studies in developing sensing capabilities for agricultural robotics applications. First, I introduce a sensor that can provide simultaneous measurements of force and position. The sensor was developed to enable high-throughput measurement of maize stalk stiffness on a robot platform. It uses multiple sets of strain gauges on a cantilever beam to …

Extracting Speech Content From High-Amplitude Background Machine Noise, Curtis L. Garner

Theses and Dissertations

The research presented in this dissertation aims to address the need for improved communication between heavy machinery operators and external personnel, aiming to improve safety and efficiency by overcoming the communication barriers posed by equipment noise and cab insulation. The primary purpose of this research was to develop a hands-free communication system that allows the operator to hear speech from outside the cab without requiring any personal communication devices like radios or headsets. Key objectives included effective speech extraction from ambient noise and accurate estimation of the location of the speaker. Operating without active user control, the system emphasizes clarity …

Design And Synthesis Of Bimetallic Catalyst And Multifunctional Peptide Catalysis For Organic Synthesis And Synthesis Of Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (Protacs) For Sphk1 And Sphk2, Mariur Rodriguez Moreno

Theses and Dissertations

In the first part of this dissertation (chapters 1-4) we discuss the development of bimetallic and monometallic palladium complexes scaffolded on 2-phosphinoimidazole ligands and their application to cross-coupling reactions. Specifically, we discovered a bimetallic Pd(II) dimer that performs a tandem arylation/annulation reaction to produce naphthalene products from aryl iodides and ketones (Chapter 2). We then show that bimetallic Pd(II) and Pd (I) complexes have different activity in different transformations and that the starting oxidation state of our catalysts is important for reactivity (Chapter 3). For example, we demonstrate that our Pd(I) dimer is much more active in Buchwald- Hartwig amination …

Normative Truth Under Metamodernism, Sam Taylor

Undergraduate Honors Theses

This thesis elaborates on a metamodern framework for grounding normative truth. Metamodernism is an evolving approach in the humanities and social sciences that seeks to reconcile stable truth with the genealogical skepticism of postmodernism. I follow Jason Ānada Josephson Storm in arguing that virtue ethics presents fertile ground for metamodernism with respect to normative truth.

I extend Storm’s preliminary approach to this subject by comparing it with the work of two other scholars: Pierre Manent — an Aristotelian virtue ethicist who has become very popular among Christian political theorists — and Amy Allen — a postmodern-inspired, decolonial theorist. Manent has …

Applications Of Phosphorus Geochemistry To Utah Lake, Jacob Barry Taggart

Theses and Dissertations

This compilation of studies provides an examination of phosphorus dynamics in the suspended solids, water column, and lakebed sediments of Utah Lake, a large, shallow, and phosphorus-rich water body. The first study introduces a novel phosphorus microfractionation (P-MF) method designed for small samples of suspended solids and sediments. This method reveals that suspended solids in Utah Lake can have a significantly higher phosphorus content across most fractions compared to lakebed sediments, highlighting the importance of considering suspended solids in nutrient management strategies. The second study analyzes historical phosphorus mass and concentrations, demonstrating that water column phosphorus levels have remained stable …

Intramolecular Styryl Diels-Alder (Isda) Reaction For Synthesizing Derivatives Of Anticancer Lignans, Kriti Shrestha

Theses and Dissertations

Intramolecular Styryl Diels-Alder (ISDA) cycloaddition reactions are used widely in synthesizing complex natural products. They help synthesize polycyclic cores and form new chiral centers in the molecule. Among such natural products, lignans are considered important biomedical molecules due to their numerous pharmacological properties, such as antitumor, hepatoprotective, insecticidal, antifungal, antihypertensive, sedative, antioxidant, and antiparasitic. Numerous researchers have published their work in trying to synthesize different lignans for medicinal purposes. However, the lignans are challenging to synthesize because of their complex tetralin cores. This project focuses on synthesizing the polycyclic core for the analogs of anti-cancer compounds with ISDA reaction. The …

How Do Religious Women Cope With Marital Conflict And Hardship? Article 2, Elizabeth M. Lyman, Loren D. Marks, David C. Dollahite, Chelom E. Leavitt, Tamara M. Chamberlain, Christina N. Cooper

Faculty Publications

Frequent and unresolved conflict is a significant relationship risk factor for divorce, but it has also been shown that religion strengthens marriages, specifically in ways that give direction and motivation for couples in resolving marital conflict or other marital hardships. Thus, a study of how successful religious couples resolve conflict is pertinent in helping us better understand how to strengthen marriages and families. Our qualitative study of 113 highly religious women of diverse faiths and races found that women’s perceived relationship or connection with God reportedly impacted conflict resolution and coping with marital hardship. Results suggest greater reconciliation and unity …

Recommendations For Adapting Religious Materials For People With Aphasia, Allison Dahl

Undergraduate Honors Theses

This study aimed to discover whether text adaptations for aphasia commonly applied to secular texts are also applicable to religious texts, as religious texts are often held in a special regard by religious people. This research included five participants with aphasia who consider themselves members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. These participants indicated preferences using a 7-point scale between paired samples of religious text formatted using common aphasia-friendly text adaptations. These quantitative data were analyzed for preference trends. Additionally, qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews focused on adaptation preferences as well as aphasia’s effects on …

Synthesis Of Glycan Antigens For Therapeutic Antibodies And Glycoconjugate Vaccines, Synthesis Of An Inflammatory Pentasaccharide, And Design And Synthesis Of Ceragenins For Use In Medical Devices And Osteomyelitis, Shawn Gubler

Theses and Dissertations

A promising approach in combatting infections from antibiotic resistant bacteria/fungi is using therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that can bind the outer surfaces of microbes. We have developed a synthetic vaccine platform that can rapidly generate mAbs against surface glycans from desired strains, such as lipopolysaccharides and capsular polysaccharides. To create therapeutic antibodies against Ruminococcus gnavus, Burkholderia multivorans, and Staphylococcus aureus, we synthesize glycan antigens from each strain that are necessary for use in our glycoconjugate vaccine platform. Blooms of the Gram-positive bacterium Ruminococcus gnavus have been correlated with inflammatory bowel disease, and recently a polysaccharide produced by this organism was …

Sulfhydryl-Containing Compounds And Iron Homeostasis: Mechanisms Of Labile Iron Pool Dysregulation And Consequences For Cellular Health, Steven Lowell Mann Christiansen

Theses and Dissertations

While iron's unique coordination chemistry and redox activity have resulted in its broad incorporation into biological systems, dysfunction in key iron-regulating mechanisms can transform these biochemical advantages into factors that contribute to several pathological conditions. This dissertation explores the complex interactions between iron and sulfhydryl-containing compounds (SCCs), with particular focus on glutathione's (GSH) role in stabilizing iron reactivity juxtaposed with homocysteine's (Hcy) ability to disrupt iron homeostasis and promote disease progression. Through rigorous biochemical analysis and experimentation, we demonstrate that Hcy disrupts iron regulation through several mechanisms: (1) Hcy competitively displaces protective iron-binding molecules in the Labile Iron Pool (LIP), …

The Learner's Experience Using Augmented Reality, Michael Lionel Atkinson

Theses and Dissertations

Augmented reality (AR) is a promising learning tool that has the potential to improve learning experiences in unique ways. While AR has been extensively studied in terms of learning outcomes, relatively little has been researched about the qualitative aspect of the learner experience and how that may inform better instruction. This multi-article, journal-ready dissertation addresses this gap. The first article is a review of the literature on what researchers have learned about AR in learning, systematically identifying six areas that appear salient yet underrepresented in the literature. The second article expands further upon this theme by conducting a qualitative study …

Assessing Client Satisfaction In University Counseling: Factor Structure Of A Survey Developed For A Private, Religious-Affiliated Institution, Wai Man Cheng

Theses and Dissertations

This study examined the factor structure of a client satisfaction survey developed by BYU Counseling and Psychological Services (CAPS). The survey included (a) universal, (b) individual, (c) couple, and (d) group subscales. Only the universal and individual subscales were analyzed. The couple and group subscales were excluded due to limited sample sizes. For the universal subscale, the analysis supported a first-order model with three factors: (a) clarity, (b) cultural competence, and (c) progress. For the individual subscale, the analysis supported a second-order model. Three first-order factors including (a) symptom relief, (b) insight and awareness, and (c) guidance and coping skills, …

Drainage Area Limitations Of Single Watershed, Peak Flow Estimates From Nrcs Methods, Timothy Alexander Maughan

Theses and Dissertations

Most roadway design sections of state Departments of Transportation predict peak flow for culvert design using Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) TR-20 methodology. Even though the approach is more than 50 years old, there is no clear guideline for how large a single watershed drainage area may be while remaining appropriate for predicting peak discharge with this method. Our objective is to identify the drainage area where TR-20 peak flow predictions significantly deviate from flow frequency predictions. We aim to recommend to the Nebraska Department of Transportation (NDOT) a range of basin drainage areas appropriate for predicting peak flow using …

Traveling-Wave Vibration Control And Comparison Of Individuals With Insomnia And Good Sleepers Using Eeg Spectral Power And Sample Entropy, Joseph T. Lecheminant

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis explores the intersection of whole-body vibration (WBV) and neurophysiological analysis to improve sleep quality and understanding of insomnia. The work is divided into two primary areas: the development of a novel traveling-wave vibration system for sleep enhancement and the analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) metrics in individuals with insomnia versus good sleepers. A vibrating sleep system capable of generating programmable traveling-wave patterns is designed and prototyped. Through iterative development and user trials, the system enables highly controlled mechanical stimulation in the form of traveling-wave vibration. Key advancements include independent amplitude and speed modulation and customizable wave patterns. Simple wave …

Raman Characterization Of Elastomeric Materials, Shane Michael Drake

Theses and Dissertations

Raman spectroscopy is often used for material identification but may be used for characterization. This document focuses on using Raman measurements to characterize polymers, specifically the curing and aging mechanism for hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB). HTPB is a well-known elastomer used in sealants, non-slip surfaces, rocket repellants and plastic explosives. Raman spectroscopy was used to monitor urethane linkages that form from curing HTPB with a cyanate curing agent to suggest a curing mechanism for HTPB. Since this polymer is highly susceptible to oxidation, the methods used to characterize curing were also used for the aging process to see if urethane breakages …

Cellular Air Quality Sensors With Lora Backchannel A Robust Sensor Suited For Remote Deployment In Harsh Environments, Joseph R. Miera

Theses and Dissertations

Air quality significantly impacts health and overall quality of life, making its measurement essential. However, most affordable air quality devices are designed only for use within WiFi range and cannot handle extreme temperatures, limiting their usefulness for people in remote or extreme environments, such as regions with harsh winter climates. This limitation is concerning, as winter often brings worse air quality due to temperature inversions that trap pollutants and increase fuel burning for heating. Inversion is a problem as close to home as Utah Valley, and as far away as Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Most low-cost air quality sensors are not built …

Modalities And Meaning: Instructor Adaptation And Student Spiritual Formation Across Higher Education Learning Environments, Stephanie D. Sorensen

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation explores the dynamic instructor and student experiences inherent in the evolving modalities of higher education. The first article synthesizes qualitative research about the challenges and successes faced by instructors transitioning to online learning environments, especially in their interactions with content and learners. Emphasizing the importance of support for instructors and institutions, it sets the stage for understanding the nuanced experience of online teaching. The second article presents an exploratory case study of a religious education professor teaching across four modalities. His experience emphasized adaptive strategies and underscored the pivotal role of instructor preparation. Findings revealed the instructor's proactive …

The Effect Of Variable Learning Contexts On Novel Word Retention In Adults, Emily A. Badoni

Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated the impact of decontextualized learning on memory recall and retention within virtual reality (VR) environments. Forty-six healthy young adult participants, both male and female, were randomly assigned to either a consistent VR learning condition (n = 23) or a diverse VR learning condition (n = 23). Both groups were exposed to the same set of 30 nonwords and their definitions across three learning phases. The participants in the consistent condition remained in the same VR environment throughout the study, while the participants in the diverse condition experienced three different VR environments. Immediate and delayed post-tests were conducted …

University Department Chair Perceptions Of Open Access Journals And Open Textbooks, Rebecca Nicole Nissen

Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated the perceptions of university department chairs regarding open access journals and open textbooks. It was conducted as a qualitative single case study analysis using semistructured, in-person, one-on-one interviews. The six participants interviewed are department chairs from a large, private university in the western United States. Five levels of coding were used with thematic codes drawing from the TAM2 model. Findings revealed participant perceptions on (a) personal values, (b) university mission alignment, (c) predatory journals, and (d) promotion and tenure. The results obtained from this study can inform and influence institutional change and can also help inform future …

Physics-Informed Transfer Learning For Process Control, Samuel Arce Munoz

Theses and Dissertations

In the realm of process control, managing complex systems with limited prior knowledge presents significant challenges, particularly in environments where traditional mechanistic models are either unavailable or computationally prohibitive. This work explores the integration of deep transfer learning with system identification and Model Predictive Control (MPC) to develop control strategies that are both data-efficient and computationally streamlined. Initially, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks are employed to create approximate MPC controllers by leveraging transfer learning from a source system to a target system, demonstrating that transfer learning can achieve comparable performance to traditional MPC methods with reduced training data. Building upon …

The Effect Of Applied Mental Health Courses On College Student Anxiety And Perfectionism, Nathan Thomas Rhees

Theses and Dissertations

University students face a variety of mental health challenges, including increasingly high rates of anxiety. As demand for college counseling services among student populations rises, universities have an increasing need for effective and resource-efficient methods of intervention that support student mental health on their campuses. One area in need of research is that of using university classes themselves as a form of preventive intervention. If effective, this kind of preventive measure might be a particularly attractive method of reducing incidence of mental illness on campus and decreasing demand on university therapy resources. This study involves students at a private university …