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Articles 181 - 210 of 422
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Indirect Effect Of Habitat Destruction On Ecosystems, Nariyuki Nakagiri, K. Tainaka
Indirect Effect Of Habitat Destruction On Ecosystems, Nariyuki Nakagiri, K. Tainaka
International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software
Habitat destruction is one of the primary causes of species extinction in recent history. Even if the destruction is restricted to a local and small area, its accumulation increases the risk of extinction. To study local destruction of habitat, we present a lattice ecosystem composed of prey (X) and predator (Y). This system corresponds to a lattice version of the Lotka-Volterra model, where interaction is allowed between neighboring lattice points. The lattice is partly destroyed, and destructed sites or barriers are randomly located between adjacent lattice points with the probability p. The barrier interrupts the reproduction of X, but the …
Improving Seed Germination Of Salicornia Rubra (Chenopodiaceae) Under Saline Conditions Using Germination-Regulating Chemicals, M. Ajmal Khan, Bilquees Gul, Darrell J. Weber
Improving Seed Germination Of Salicornia Rubra (Chenopodiaceae) Under Saline Conditions Using Germination-Regulating Chemicals, M. Ajmal Khan, Bilquees Gul, Darrell J. Weber
Western North American Naturalist
Salicornia rubra Nels. (Chenopodiaceae) is a salt-tolerant annual species occurring in salt playas of the Great Basin desert in western United States. It forms pioneer communities on the most saline location of an inland salt playa at Goshen, Utah. Seeds of Salicornia rubra are capable of germinating at 1000 mM NaCl at 25–35 °C alternating temperature regime. Dormancy-regulating chemicals were evaluated for their ability to alleviate the innate and salinityenforced dormancy in seeds of Salicornia rubra. Betaine, GA3, kinetin, fusicoccin, ethephon, thiourea, proline, and nitrate had no effect in alleviating primary dormancy. Increases in NaCl concentration progressively inhibited germination …
Fishtail Mesa: A Vegetation Resurvey Of Relict Area In Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, Peter G. Rowlands, Nancy J. Brian
Fishtail Mesa: A Vegetation Resurvey Of Relict Area In Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, Peter G. Rowlands, Nancy J. Brian
Western North American Naturalist
Relict sites are geographically isolated areas that are undisturbed by direct and indirect human influences. These sites facilitate long-term ecological monitoring by providing a reference for gauging impacts occurring elsewhere. Knowledge gained through comparing vegetation change on matched relict and proximal disturbed areas can help partition the causes of change into natural and human-produced components. Fishtail Mesa in Grand Canyon National Park is a 439-ha relict site that is inaccessible to domestic livestock. Human visitation is infrequent and irregular, and fires have never been suppressed or managed. In 1958, U.S. Forest Service range scientists conducted a survey of Fishtail Mesa …
Establishment, Growth, And Early Survival Of Woody Riparian Apecies At A Colorado Gravel Pit, James E. Roelle, Douglas N. Gladwin, Brian S. Cade
Establishment, Growth, And Early Survival Of Woody Riparian Apecies At A Colorado Gravel Pit, James E. Roelle, Douglas N. Gladwin, Brian S. Cade
Western North American Naturalist
Presence of a wetted edge during the period of seedfall was an effective predictor of suitable establishment (defined as germination and survival to the 1st autumn) locations for Populus deltoides subsp. monilifera, Salix amygdaloides, S. exigua, and Tamarix ramosissima seedlings during 3 successive years of a gravel pit revegetation project in Fort Collins, Colorado. At locations predicted to be suitable for establishment, position within the pit (possibly reflecting additional moisture provided by seepage) was a significant factor in determining whether establishment actually occurred. Cover of herbaceous species, which became established at the same time as, or after, woody seedlings, was …
A New Species And New Synonym In The Genus Psychoronia (Limnephilidae), With Significant Records For Caddisflies (Trichoptera) From Western North America, David E. Ruiter
A New Species And New Synonym In The Genus Psychoronia (Limnephilidae), With Significant Records For Caddisflies (Trichoptera) From Western North America, David E. Ruiter
Great Basin Naturalist
A new species of caddisfly, Psychoronia brooksi (Limnephilidae), is described from New Mexico, and Psychoronia brevipennis (Banks) 1904 is designated as a junior synonym of Psychoronia costalis Banks 1901. Additional distributional records and notes for 51 caddisfly species are also presented.
Winter Macroinvertebrate Communities In Two Montane Wyoming Streams, Christopher M. Pennuto, Frank Denoyelles Jr., Mark A. Conrad, Frank A. Vertucci, Sharon L. Dewey
Winter Macroinvertebrate Communities In Two Montane Wyoming Streams, Christopher M. Pennuto, Frank Denoyelles Jr., Mark A. Conrad, Frank A. Vertucci, Sharon L. Dewey
Great Basin Naturalist
Macroinvertebrate communities were examined on 4 winter dates over a 4-yr period in 2 high-altitude Rocky Mountain streams to document overwintering assemblages potentially experiencing spring acid pulses. Taxa richness values were comparable to other published lists for alpine and montane stream systems despite the fact that most literature reflected summer collections. Mean benthic density ranged from 1406 to 19,734 organisms/m2, and drift rates ranged from 0 to 1740 organisms/100 m3. Benthic collections showed higher taxa richness than drift collections while the Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera occurred in greater proportions in drift than in benthos. The Nemouridae (Plecoptera), …
Arden R. Gaufin, 1911–1997: Obituary And List Of Publications, R. W. Baumann, G. Z. Jacobi
Arden R. Gaufin, 1911–1997: Obituary And List Of Publications, R. W. Baumann, G. Z. Jacobi
Great Basin Naturalist
No abstract provided.
Mayfly Fauna Of New Mexico, W. P. Mccafferty, C. R. Lugo-Ortiz, G. Z. Jacobi
Mayfly Fauna Of New Mexico, W. P. Mccafferty, C. R. Lugo-Ortiz, G. Z. Jacobi
Great Basin Naturalist
An inventory and analysis of the mayfly (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) fauna of New Mexico, based on the published literature and study of extensive materials from diverse collections, indicated the presence of 12 families, 37 genera, and 81 species. Of these, 25 represent new state records: Acentrella turbida, Ameletus falsus, A. sparsatus, Baelis adonis, B. bicaudatus, B. flavistriga, Baetodes deficiens, Caenis latipennis, Callibaetis fluctuans, Cinygmula par, Ephemera simulans, Hexagenia bilineata, Isonychia sicca, Labiobaetis propinquus, Lachlania saskatchewanensis, Leptophlebia bradleyi, Leucrocuta petersi, Neochoroterpes nanita, Paraleptophlebia debilis, P. heteronea, Procloeon conturbatum, Rhithrogena plana, R. robusta, R. vita, and Thraulodes gonzalesi. Baetodes deficiens represents a new …
Mule Deer And Pronghorn Use Of Wastewater Ponds In A Cold Desert, Karen L. Cieminski, Lester D. Flake
Mule Deer And Pronghorn Use Of Wastewater Ponds In A Cold Desert, Karen L. Cieminski, Lester D. Flake
Great Basin Naturalist
Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) were counted at wastewater ponds at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) in southeastern Idaho 4 to 8 times per month from August 1989 through July 1991. Mule deer used wastewater ponds (n = 15) from June through December and were most commonly observed August through November. Pronghorn frequented wastewater ponds from May through November and were most common from July through September, the driest and warmest months; ponds were also used heavily in November 1990. Diel activity was studied from July through October. Mule …
Freshwater Sponges (Porifera: Spongillidae) Of Western Montana, Susan H. Barton, John S. Addis
Freshwater Sponges (Porifera: Spongillidae) Of Western Montana, Susan H. Barton, John S. Addis
Great Basin Naturalist
Between May 1992 and April 1996, freshwater sponges (Porifera: Spongillidae) were collected at 24 sites, distributed among 6 sub-major drainage basins in western Montana, to determine the species present. Water samples also were analyzed from 16 of these sites and from 9 sites at which no sponges were detected to characterize sponge habitats chemically. Three species of sponges were identified: Ephydatia muelleri (Em), Eunapius fragilis (Ef), and Spongilla lacustris (Sl). A 4th type of specimen was present at 2 sites but could not be identified because of the absence of gemmules and gemmoscleres. At 46% of the sites containing sponges, …
Boggy Meadows, Livestock Grazing, And Interspecific Interactions: Influences On The Insular Distribution Of Montane Lincoln's Sparrows (Melospiza Lincolnii Alticola), Carla Cicero
Great Basin Naturalist
I surveyed 34 meadows in California and Oregon to count Lincoln's Sparrows (Melospiza lincolnii alticola) and to identify habitat features that might influence their local, insular occurrence. Lincoln's Sparrows were most common in wet meadows with little damage by grazing. Singing males were concentrated in flooded or boggy areas near meadow edges, where pines (Pinus sp.) provided elevated perches for singing and vigilance. Patches of willows (Salix sp.) were often present nearby. Numbers of male Lincoln's Sparrows were strongly and negatively correlated with abundance of sympatric Song Sparrows (M. melodia fisherella). Lincoln's Sparrows breeding …
Den And Relocation Site Characteristics And Home Ranges Of Peromyscus Truei In The White Mountains Of California, Linnea S. Hall, Michael L. Morrison
Den And Relocation Site Characteristics And Home Ranges Of Peromyscus Truei In The White Mountains Of California, Linnea S. Hall, Michael L. Morrison
Great Basin Naturalist
We used radio telemetry to describe nighttime movements and daytime den sites of pinyon mice (Peromyscus truei) in the White Mountains of California, 1991–1993. Characteristics of nighttime relocations and den sites for mice concurred with previously reported habitat-use information for the species and supported the claim that pinyon mice use multiple daytime sites. However, males and females were associated with different habitat characteristics at den sites, indicating differential microhabitat selection by the sexes, perhaps related to reproductive constraints on females. Pinyon mice also exhibited high variability in den site habitat use in the summer, but low variability in …
Dorald Mervin Allred, 1923–1996, Wilmer W. Tanner
Dorald Mervin Allred, 1923–1996, Wilmer W. Tanner
Great Basin Naturalist
No abstract provided.
Helminths Of The Southwestern Toad, Bufo Microscaphus, Woodhouse's Toad, Bufo Woodhousii (Bufonidae), And Their Hybrids From Central Arizona, Stephen R. Goldberg, Charles R. Bursey, Keith B. Malmos, Brian K. Sullivan, Hay Cheam
Helminths Of The Southwestern Toad, Bufo Microscaphus, Woodhouse's Toad, Bufo Woodhousii (Bufonidae), And Their Hybrids From Central Arizona, Stephen R. Goldberg, Charles R. Bursey, Keith B. Malmos, Brian K. Sullivan, Hay Cheam
Great Basin Naturalist
The gastrointestinal tracts, lungs, and urinary bladders from 77 Bufo microscaphus, 61 Bufo woodhousii, and 8 of their hybrids were examined for helminths. One species of trematode (Glypthelmins quieta), 1 species of cestode (Distoichometra bufonis), and 5 species of nematodes (Aplectana incerta, A. itzocanensis, Rhabdias americanus, Physaloptera sp., and Physocephalus sp.) were found. The greatest prevalence (41%) and mean intensity (231.7) were recorded for Aplectana incerta in Bufo woodhousii. It appears hybrids harbor fewer parasites than either parent species.
Summer Nocturnal Roost Sites Of Blue Grouse In Northeastern Oregon, Kenneth J. Popper, Eric C. Pelren, John A. Crawford
Summer Nocturnal Roost Sites Of Blue Grouse In Northeastern Oregon, Kenneth J. Popper, Eric C. Pelren, John A. Crawford
Great Basin Naturalist
No abstract provided.
Geographical Review Of The Historical And Current Status Of Ospreys (Pandion Haliaetus) In Utah, Clark S. Monson
Geographical Review Of The Historical And Current Status Of Ospreys (Pandion Haliaetus) In Utah, Clark S. Monson
Great Basin Naturalist
Small numbers of Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) are known to have nested historically in Utah. A precise baseline figure is unavailable, but the 19th-century Osprey population in Utah probably consisted of at least 15 breeding pairs scattered in 4 geographic regions. Human persecution is believed to have caused the abandonment of nesting territories along the Wasatch Front and in the western Uinta Mountains by 1900 and 1960, respectively. Osprey populations in the southern plateaus and Green River areas, however, began increasing in the late 1970s. Several recent nesting attempts and numerous summer sightings at nontraditional and abandoned historical sites …
Pogonomyrmex Owyheei Nest Site Density And Size On A Minimally Impacted Site In Central Oregon, Peter T. Soulé, Paul A. Knapp
Pogonomyrmex Owyheei Nest Site Density And Size On A Minimally Impacted Site In Central Oregon, Peter T. Soulé, Paul A. Knapp
Great Basin Naturalist
Little is known about the basic characteristics of the western harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex owyheei) in the absence of anthropogenic disturbances. We examined the role of P. owyheei as an agent of disturbance in an area of semiarid vegetation in central Oregon known as the Horse Ridge Research Natural Area (HRRNA) that has been largely free of livestock grazing and other significant anthropogenic influences for over 23 yr. We determined density and size characteristics of nest sites and estimate total area cleared by P. owyheei activities on HRRNA. From random sampling of twenty-five 0.04-ha plots we found a mean …
Trachytes Kaliszewskii, N. Sp. (Acari: Uropodina), From The Great Basin (Utah, Usa), With Remarks On The Habitats And Distribution Of The Members Of The Genus Trachytes, Jerzy Błoszyk, Paweł Szymkowiak
Trachytes Kaliszewskii, N. Sp. (Acari: Uropodina), From The Great Basin (Utah, Usa), With Remarks On The Habitats And Distribution Of The Members Of The Genus Trachytes, Jerzy Błoszyk, Paweł Szymkowiak
Great Basin Naturalist
Trachytes kaliszewskii, n. sp., is described from the Great Basin, Utah, USA. SEM photography illustrates morphological detail. An annotated list is included of currently recognized species of the genus Trachytes, with comments on their distribution and habitat characteristics.
Temporal And Spatial Distribution Of Highway Mortality Of Mule Deer On Newly Constructed Roads At Jordanelle Reservoir, Utah, Laura A. Romin, John A. Bissonette
Temporal And Spatial Distribution Of Highway Mortality Of Mule Deer On Newly Constructed Roads At Jordanelle Reservoir, Utah, Laura A. Romin, John A. Bissonette
Great Basin Naturalist
In this paper we evaluated traffic characteristics and vegetation and topographic features associated with mule deer kills on 3 highways (US 40, SR 32, SR 248) in northeastern Utah. We also compared number, and sex and age composition of roadkills to that of the living population observed during spotlight counts. From 15 October 1991 to 14 October 1993 we documented 397 deer roadkills: 51.6% were does, 18.9% bucks, 21.7% fawns, and 7.8% could not be classified. Sixty-seven percent of adult kills were ≤2.5 yr of age. Kill composition compared closely to spotlight counts. Of 1515 spotlight deer, 65.2% were does, …
Prey Choices And Foraging Efficiency Of Recently Fledged California Gulls At Mono Lake, California, Chris S. Elphick, Margaret A. Rubega
Prey Choices And Foraging Efficiency Of Recently Fledged California Gulls At Mono Lake, California, Chris S. Elphick, Margaret A. Rubega
Great Basin Naturalist
We studied the foraging biology of recently fledged California Gulls (Larus californicus) at Mono Lake during August–September 1991. We made behavioral observations to collect information on the relative proportions of different prey types in the diet of these birds and took plankton tows to determine the relative abundance of each prey in the water column. These data show that alkali flies (Ephydra hians) were the primary constituent of the diet and that they were eaten at a much higher rate than one would expect based on their abundance. We also determined the number of feeding attempts …
Alpine Vascular Flora Of The Tushar Mountains, Utah, Alan C. Taye
Alpine Vascular Flora Of The Tushar Mountains, Utah, Alan C. Taye
Great Basin Naturalist
The Tushar Mountains of southwestern Utah rise to a maximum elevation of 3709 m, with timberline and krummholz reaching maximum elevations of 3438 m and 3566 m, respectively. Voucher specimens were collected from the alpine region during eight field seasons to inventory this largely unknown alpine flora. Listed are 171 vascular plant species from 102 genera and 34 families that occur in eight types of plant communities within an alpine area of about 19.3 km2, the seven largest families are Asteraceae (29 species), Poacea (20), Brassicaceae (13), Rosaceae (12), Cyperaceae (11), Caryophyllaceae (10), and Fabaceae (8). Thirteen species …
Historic Expansion Of Juniperus Occidentalis (Western Juniper) In Southeastern Oregon, Richard F. Miller, Jeffery A. Rose
Historic Expansion Of Juniperus Occidentalis (Western Juniper) In Southeastern Oregon, Richard F. Miller, Jeffery A. Rose
Great Basin Naturalist
The chronology of Juniperus occidentalis (western juniper) expansion in eastern Oregon, the effect of plant canopy and interspace on J. occidentalis seedling establishment and growth rates, and the age of J. occidentalis maximum reproductive potential were determined. Measurements were recorded in twenty-two 0.4-ha plots established in sagebrush-grassland communities and six 0.1-ha plots in Populus tremuloides (quaking aspen) communities. J. occidentalis began increasing during the 1880s in stands containing > 130 yr old. Relatively steady establishment ensued into the 1950s and then began to progress at a geometric rate in the 19602. J. occidentalis encroachment into aspen stands began between 1910 and …
Effects Of Salinity On Establishment Of Populus Fremontii (Cottonwood) And Tamarix Ramosissima (Saltcedar) In Southwestern United States, Patrick B. Shafroth, Jonathan M. Friedman, Lee S. Ischinger
Effects Of Salinity On Establishment Of Populus Fremontii (Cottonwood) And Tamarix Ramosissima (Saltcedar) In Southwestern United States, Patrick B. Shafroth, Jonathan M. Friedman, Lee S. Ischinger
Great Basin Naturalist
The exotic shrub Tamarix ramosissima (saltcedar) has replaced the native Populus fremontii (cottonwood) along many streams in southwestern United States. We used a controlled outdoor experiment to examine the influence of river salinity on germination and first year survival of P. fremontii var. wislizenii (Rio Grande cottonwood) and T. ramosissima on freshly deposited alluvial bars. We grew both species from seed in planters of sand subjected to a declining water table and solutions containing 0, 1, 3, and 5 times the concentrations of major ions in the Rio Grande at San Marcia, NM (1.2, 10.0, 25.7 and 37.4 meq 1 …
Vegetation Zones And Soil Characteristics In Vernal Pools In The Channeled Scabland Of Eastern Washington, Elizabeth A. Crowe, Alan J. Busacca, John P. Reganold, Benjamin A. Zamora
Vegetation Zones And Soil Characteristics In Vernal Pools In The Channeled Scabland Of Eastern Washington, Elizabeth A. Crowe, Alan J. Busacca, John P. Reganold, Benjamin A. Zamora
Great Basin Naturalist
Vernal pools are seasonal pools occurring in Mediterranean-type climates within which grow concentric zones of vegetation. We studied two vernal pools that lie within an Artemisia tridentata/Festuca idahoensis shrub-steppe landscape in the Channeled Scabland of eastern Washington to determine the relationship between vegetation zonation and soil characteristics. Abundant plant species in the pools include Elymus cinereus, Poa scabrella, Lomatium grayi, Allium geyeri, Eleocharis palustris, Epilobium minutum, Myosurus aristatis, Deschampsia danthonioides, and Psilocarphus oregonus. We surveyed topography, measured plant species frequency and cover to describe the vegetation zones, and used Sorenson's index of percent to similarity to verify our designation …
Needle Biomass Equations For Singleleaf Pinyon On The Virginia Range, Nevada, T. R. De Rocher, R. J. Tausch
Needle Biomass Equations For Singleleaf Pinyon On The Virginia Range, Nevada, T. R. De Rocher, R. J. Tausch
Great Basin Naturalist
Foliar biomass of singleleaf pinyon (Pinus monophylla Torr. & Frem.) was estimated on the Virginia Mountains, Nevada, based on the easily measured dimensions of crown volume and sapwood area. Leaf biomass estimation techniques used in other studies of pinyon where total leaf biomass was collected were supported. Both sapwood area (cm2) and crown volume, calculated as one-half of an ellipsoid (m3), were found to be significantly related to total dry weight needle mass (g). Best predictive equations for crown volume were obtained with nonlinear regression analysis. A previously reported two-part relationship based on tree size …
Population Structure And Ecological Effects Of The Crayfish Pacifastacus Leniusculus In Castle Lake, California, James J. Elser, Christopher Junge, Charles R. Goldman
Population Structure And Ecological Effects Of The Crayfish Pacifastacus Leniusculus In Castle Lake, California, James J. Elser, Christopher Junge, Charles R. Goldman
Great Basin Naturalist
The recent appearance of the "California crayfish," Pacifastacus leniusculus, in Castle Lake, California, and interest in its potential impacts on the lake ecosystem provided motivation for a study of the population structure and habitat use of this species and its effects on aquatic macrophytes. Mark-recapture studies indicated that the total number of adult (3+ yr or older) crayfish in the lake was ca 10,100 individuals, yielding an estimate of lakewide crayfish density in preferred crayfish habitats of 0.13 adults m−2. Using mean body mass of individuals, we estimated that ambient biomass density was 5.9 g m …
Differential Responses To Nitrogen Form And Concentration For Oryzopsis Hymenoides And Elymus Lanceolatus, Robert S. Nowak, Cheryl L. Nowak, Jay E. Anderson
Differential Responses To Nitrogen Form And Concentration For Oryzopsis Hymenoides And Elymus Lanceolatus, Robert S. Nowak, Cheryl L. Nowak, Jay E. Anderson
Great Basin Naturalist
In a greenhouse experiment, effects of nitrogen form and concentration on productivity and dry matter allocation differed between two species native to semiarid ecosystems of the Great Basin. Aboveground production of green surface area and of dry matter were consistently enhanced by increased nitrogen for the rhizomatous grass Elymus lanceolatus, but not for the bunchgrass Oryzopsis hymenoides. These differences were likely due to inherently low growth rates of O. hymenoides. Aboveground dry matter allocation also differed between the two species. O. hymenoides had more leaves per tiller with increased nitrogen, whereas leaf size but not number increased …