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Anomiopsyllinae (Siphonaptera: Hystrichopsyllidae), Ii. The Genera Callistopsyllus, Conorhinopsylla, Megarthroglossus, And Stenistomera, Vernon J. Tipton, Harold E. Stark, John A. Wildie

Great Basin Naturalist

The subfamily Anomiopsyllinae in North America consists of five genera: Anomiopsyllus Baker; Callistopsyllus Jordan and Rothschild; Conorhinopsylla Stewart; Megarthroglossus Jordan and Rothschild; and Stenistomera Rothschild. The revision of Anomiopsyllus was the subject of a previous paper, and the remaining four genera are treated herein. The North American genus Jordanopsylla Traub and Tipton and the Palearctic genus Wagnerina Ioff and Argyropulo had been included in the subfamily Anomiopsyllinae by Ioff and Argyropulo, but these two genera possess characters which are not consistent with the current definition of the subfamily. All species are considered to be "nest fleas," but modifications for a …

Culture And Species Endangerment, Roland C. Clement

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

Species endangerment has so far been addressed mostly by biologists. It is now important to involve social scientists, inasmuch as the problems are man caused. The history of our attitudes, our uses of the land, and the reasons wherefore are problems for everyone.
The evidence suggests that the causes of endangerment may be grouped under (1) direct and indirect exploitation of resources, and (2) population displacement by modern agriculture, with consequent migration to the city or to the forest frontier, where accelerated forest destruction is the result. The displaced people are part of the marginalized two-thirds of the human race …

Strategies For The Preservation Of Rare Plants, Arthur H. Holmgren

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

Preservation of the habitat is the only logical strategy to save endangered species from early extinction. Ecological amplitudes of rare species are very narrow, so transplantation to such alien sites as botanical gardens is not a solution. Protection may not be the answer. We must learn as much as we can about the biology of the species in question, in the field and under laboratory conditions. The first steps must be to determine the distribution. This would be followed by analysis of soils by means of physical and chemical studies. Pollination ecology, associated species, phenological records, and genetic and cytological …

Some Reproductive And Life History Characteristics Of Rare Plants And Implications Of Management, K. T. Harper

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

Analysis of the vascular floras of Utah, Colorado, and California suggest that a syndrome of life form and reproductive characteristics separates rare and common species. Woody plants are heavily underrepresented, and herbs are overrepresented on the official lists of endangered and/or threatened plants of the floras considered. Few of the rare species are descended from wind-pollinated ancestors, but instead are derived from the insect-pollinated stock. Theory suggests that many of the rare taxa will ultimately be shown to be self-pollinated. The date show a tendency for rare species to be better represented among taxa having bilaterally symmetrical as opposed to …

The Epoch Of Biotic Impoverishment, Thomas E. Lovejoy

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

1978 was the first year in the history of man that legal power to eradicate a species was established. It is one of a number of signs of rapidly accelerating rates of extinction which may result in reduction of biological diversity by one-seventh to one-fifth, with a parallel reduction in the planet's capacity to support man and a permanent reduction in the potential body of biological knowledge. Species loss of such a degree would warrant designating the close of the Recent epoch and the opening of a new one of Biotic Impoverishment. A great deal of the extinctions will occur …

Management Programs For Plants On Federal Lands, Duane Atwood

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

The plant phase of the Endangered Species Program is discussed from the point of view of a professional botanist in government service. Some of the new amendments are also discussed from a botanical standpoint. Federal agency programs and policies in the western United States are briefly reviewed. The strength of the Endangered Species Program is dependent upon input from qualified professional biologists in and out of government service. Some of the problems encountered in the program are outlined.

Rare Species As Examples Of Plant Evolution, G. Ledyard Stebbins

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

Rare species, including endangered ones, can be very valuable sources of information about evolutionary processes. They may be rare and valuable because: (1) they are evolutionary youngsters and could represent an entirely new evolutionary strategy of great scientific and practical value; (2) they are evolutionary relicts that have stored enormous amounts of genetic information of great worth; (3) they may represent endemic varieties that harbor a great deal of the genetic variability in the gene pool that would be of enormous value to a plant geneticist; the rarity of the plant is not necessarily correlated with the size of its …

Strategies For The Preservation Of Rare Animals, Clayton M. White

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

Strategies used to enhance or help restore rare and endangered animal species are reviewed. No new strategies are presented, but rather a review of various levels at which programs can be initiated are indicated. Nearly 93 percent of the recognized endangered animals are vertebrates. Programs to help restore vertebrates can be aimed at either the habitat or the organism level. Habitat restoration or preservation is the more difficult to achieve and, accordingly, most strategies are aimed at the organism. Species, populations, or communities are ecosystems can be treated, but most often each requires a separate approach. Among organisms the species …

End Matter, Vol. 3

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

No abstract provided.

Endangered Species On Federal Lands. Panel: Part Ii, Forest Service Philosophy Of Endangered Species Management, Jerry P. Mcilwain

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

No abstract provided.

The Importance Of Bees And Other Insect Pollinators In Maintaining Floral Species Composition, V. J. Tepedino

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

Bees and other insect pollinators which are necessary for the successful reproduction of most species of flowering plants, including agricultural crops, have been ignored by our preservation efforts. This is unfortunate because bees, as low-fecundity organisms, are very susceptible to insecticides and populations are slow to recover from perturbations. Many species of bees, particularly specialized species in the western United States and the tropics, are vulnerable to extinction. With extinctions of specialized forms, generalized species, especially fugitives, are expected to increase because of their ability to utilize a variety of resources and survive beyond the confines of preserves. The possible …

Endangered Animals In Utah And Adjacent Areas, Douglas Day

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

This paper presents a brief background on Utah's experience with the Endangered Species Act of 1973 to date, the Division on Wildlife Resources' involvement with resident endangered wildlife forms, including the Utah prairie dog, peregrine falcon, bald eagle, woundfin, Colorado squawfish and humpback chub, and problems associated with the listing of native fauna. Also discussed is a proposal to vest the division with authority for endangered plants by legislative mandate.

Rare Aquatic Insects, Or How Valuable Are Bugs?, Richard W. Baumann

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

Insects are an important element in the analysis of aquatic ecosystems, (1) because the limited dispersal abilities of many aquatic species means that they must make a living under existing conditions, and (2) because they are often sensitive to slight changes in water and stream quality, thus making excellent indicators of the physical and chemical conditions in a system. Examples of rare, ecologically sensitive species are presented from the Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera, and Trichoptera. Detailed studies of rare aquatic insect species should produce important information on critical habitats that will be useful in the protection of endangered and threatened species in …

Perspective, John L. Spinks

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

The fact that mankind has desecrated much of the natural world is recognized. The rate of plant and animal extinction has increased in North America from an estimated 3 species per century 3,000 years ago to an average of 143 per century since 1620. Endangered species protection began in the Fish and Wildlife Service in 1938 with the purpose of the Aransas National Wildlife Refuge for the whooping crane. A committee on rare and endangered species was formed in 1962 by the director of the Fish and Wildlife Service and a tentative list was published in 1964. The Endangered Species …

End Matter, Vol. 3, Index

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

No abstract provided.

The Law And Its Economic Impact, Donald A. Spencer

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

There is no adequate inventory of population size and distribution of most of the world's animal and plant species and lower taxa. Furthermore, populations are rarely static and continue to change in response to both natural and man-made factors. Thus clearance today for public works or industrial projects can be reversed tomorrow as new information becomes available. Lacking assurance that a project can be completed without new endangered species surfacing places an untenable constraint on the commitment of dollars for new long-term programs.
As a consequence of the absence of data, studies to determine occupied range, population levels, and habitat …

Endangered Species On Federal Lands. Panel: Part Iv, Summary Of The Endangered Plant Program In The Bureau Of Land Management, Kenneth G. Walker

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

No abstract provided.

Strategies For Preservation Of Rare Plants And Animals, G. Ledyard Stebbins

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

Human preservation of endangered species apparently commenced prior to recorded history with Ginks biloba, in China, a tree now known only under cultivation. A number of species have become extinct because man either failed to recognize their value or did not act quickly enough to preserve them even when their value was appreciated. A philosophy of conservation must be based upon cooperation with others looking to the future. Appropriate strategies that could be adapted from the military to achieve the objectives of species conservation include: (1) Know your enemy, his strengths and weaknesses, and the tactics he is likely …

Full Issue, Vol. 3

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

No abstract provided.

Front Matter, Vol. 3

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

No abstract provided.

Endangered And Threatened Fishes Of The West, James E. Deacon

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

The endangered and threatened fish fauna of the United States exhibits problems resulting primarily from habitat modification by man. The evolutionary history of the fauna has left it especially sensitive to biotic interactions. In addition, many forms are of such restricted distribution that the entire taxon can be destroyed by very minor perturbations. The effects of habitat modification on woundfin and roundtail chub in the Virgin River of Utah, Arizona, and Nevada are discussed. Parasitism by Lernea on White River springfish is shown to coincide with population decline in some, but not all, cases. Population declines of Pahrump killifish are …

Endangered Species: Costs And Benefits, Edwin P. Pister

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

Biologists are often placed in the difficult position of defending a threatened habitat or animal with vague reasoning and faulty logic, simply because they have no better rationale at their immediate disposal. This places them at a distinct disadvantage and literally at the mercy of resource exploiters and their easily assignable dollar values. Although the initial dollar cost of delaying precluding "developing" may be significant, the long-term benefits of saving the biological entities which might otherwise be destroyed are likewise great and are measurable in concrete terms which society is only now beginning to appreciate. Case histories are presented, a …

Endangered Species On Federal Lands. Panel: Part Iii, The Bureau Of Land Management's Endangered Species Program, Richard Vernimen

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

It is the responsibility of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) to conserve plants and animals . . . and the habitat on which they depend . . . which are officially listed according to federal or state laws in categories that imply significant potential for extinction. The BLM also provides for the conservation of the habitats of unlisted extinction-prone (i.e., sensitive) plants and animals. It also applies to all BLM programs and actions related to the public lands, the federal subsurface mineral estate, and the submerged lands of the Outer Continental Shelf (OSC).

Análisis Fonológico De Las Líquidas En Un Dialecto Rural Dominicano, Orlando Alba

Faculty Publications

En este trabajo se realiza un análisis de la variación de las líquidas /r, l/ en un dialecto rural dominicano con el enfoque de la fonología generativa. Se toman como base los datos aportados por las obras dialectales publicadas hasta la fecha. Se busca mostrar que la concepción generativa permite realizar una descripción coherente de los procesos de cambio fonético, especialmente el de la vocalización de /r, l/ implosivas en la zona dominicana del Cibao.

The Promise Of Social History Via The Gazetteers, Donald S. Sutton

Journal of East Asian Libraries

No abstract provided.

The Duty To Desire: Love, Friendship, And Sexuality In Some Puritan Theories Of Marriage, Edmund Leites

Comparative Civilizations Review

No abstract provided.

The Emerging Literature Of Bangladesh: The Fiction Of Hasan Azizul Huq, David Kopf

Comparative Civilizations Review

No abstract provided.

Models Of Rebellion: An Essay In Civilization-Analysis, Vytautas Kavolis

Comparative Civilizations Review

No abstract provided.

Brigham Young's Family: The Wilderness Years, Dean C. Jessee

BYU Studies

No abstract provided.

Potential Use Of Great Salt Lake Water For Lobster Culture, Roger W. Mickelsen, Richard A. Heckmann, Rex C. Infanger

Great Basin Naturalist

Three experiments were conducted to determine if water from the Great Salt Lake altered in chemical composition and dilution can be used successfully to sustain a species of hermit crab Pagarus sp. and the American Lobster (Homarus americanus). Great Salt Lake water altered by freshwater dilution will not sustain the hermit crab or the American lobster. Great Salt Lake water can be altered chemically by dilution to support growth of the American lobster.

American lobsters maintained in Instant Ocean synthetic sea water (control) grow at a more rapid rate than animals sustained in altered Great Salt Lake water. …