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Eye Fluke (Diplostomum Spathaceum) Of Fishes From The Upper Salmon River Near Obsidian, Idaho, Richard Heckmann

Great Basin Naturalist

Following a preliminary survey (1981) of diplostomatosis in fish from the Salmon River near Obsidian, Idaho, an extensive survey was conducted during the summer of 1982. From the initial sampling site on the Salmon River, 98 percent of 384 sculpin, Cottus bairdi, 8 percent of 317 salmonids, and 13 percent of 16 Dace and suckers were infected with Diplostomum spathaceum. Upriver from the initial sampling site and from three drainages entering the Salmon River 28 percent of 185 sculpin and 1 percent of 70 salmonids were infected with D. spathaceum. The number of worms per eye was …

End Matter, Vol. 43 No. 4

Great Basin Naturalist

No abstract provided.

Bats Of The Colorado Oil Shale Region, Robert B. Finley Jr., William Caire, Dallas E. Wilhelm

Great Basin Naturalist

New records for Myotis californicus, M. evotis, M. leibii, M. lucifugus, M. thysanodes, M. volans, M. yumanensis, Lasionycteris noctivagans, Pipistrellus hesperus, Eptesicus fuscus, Lasiurus cinereus, Plecotus townsendii, and Antrozous pallidus and their habitat occurrence in northwestern Colorado are reported. Mortality of 27 bats of six species trapped in an oil sludge pit is described.

Plant Community Variability On A Small Area In Southeastern Montana, James G. Maccracken, Daniel W. Uresk, Richard M. Hansen

Great Basin Naturalist

Plant communities are inherently variable due to a number of environmental and biological forces. Canopy cover and aboveground biomass were determined for understory vegetation in plant communities of a prairie grassland–forest ecotone in southeastern Montana. Vegetation units were described using polar ordination and stepwise discriminant analysis. Nine of a total of 88 plant species encountered and cover of litter were the most useful variables in distinguishing among vegetation units on the study area and accounted for nearly 100 percent of the variation in the data. Seven vegetation units were different (P < 0.05) after all 10 variables had been entered into the analysis. Some plant communities were represented by two or three different vegetation units, indicating that some plant communities were variable and nonuniform in botanical composition over a relatively small area. This variability will influence management practices for these areas. Multiple-use management will benefit by recognition of inherent plant community variation.

C. C. A. Christensen On Art From The Salt Lake City Bikuben February-March 1892, Richard L. Jensen

BYU Studies

No abstract provided.

Punishment In Childrearing: Several Perspectives, Paul W. Robinson, Bradley L. Edgington

Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy

Presented at the AMCAP Convention 30 September 1983.

Amcap Journal Volume 9 Issue 4 1983, Issues In Religion And Psychotherapy

Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy

No abstract provided.

Front Matter, Vol. 7

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

No abstract provided.

Patterns Of Morphology And Resource Use In North American Desert Rodent Communities, M. V. Price, J. H. Brown

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

As is true of many assemblages of ecologically similar organisms, coexisting heteromyid rodent species differ conspicuously in morphology and in microhabitat affinity. These patterns are so common that their explanation represents a central problem of community ecology. In the case of desert rodents, two very different factors, predation and competition, have been advanced as the ultimate cause of the patterns. We outline the way in which each of these factors could produce observed community-level patterns and review the evidence for the action of each factor. We conclude that the "competition" hypothesis has more support at the moment, but that this …

Morphological Structure And Function In The Desert Heteromyid Rodents, Joyce C. Nikolai, Dennis M. Bramble

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

The functional morphology of desert heteromyid rodents (Perognathus, Dipodomys, Microdipodops) is reviewed with considerable new information provided. Specific attention is given to the interaction of anatomical structure and the behavioral and ecological patterns of these rodents.
Inflation of the auditory bullae, although apparently related to improving hearing, is also shown to directly impact the structure and function of the feeding apparatus in desert heteromyids. The mechanics of high speed pouching behavior is Dipodomys deserti as well as the rates of digging activities of various heteromyids are described using data from slow motion films. The biomechanical consequences of cheek …

Evolutionary Relationships Of Heteromyid Rodents, John C. Hafner, Mark S. Hafner

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

The rodent superfamily Geomyoidea is an old, undoubtedly monophyletic lineage having only obscure affinities with other rodent groups. Geomyoid rodents, autochthonous in North America, experienced major evolutionary diversification in the Mio-Pliocene coincident with the development of the Madro-Tertiary Geoflora and the climatic trend toward increasing aridity and coolness. Extant geomyoids are divisible into two groups: (1) the Geomyidae, all members of which are fossorial, and (2) the Heteromyidae, whose members display an adaptive continuum from bipedal, xeric-adapted forms to scansorial, mesic-adapted forms. These moieties, although recognizable on biochemical criteria, become particularly difficult to distinguish when paleontological data are considered. Nevertheless, …

Desert Rodent Adaptation And Community Structure, Michael A. Mares

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

Desert rodent communities are compared for evidence of convergent evolution at various levels of organization, including the systemic (physiological, anatomical, etc.), autecological, and synecological. Convergence is quite pronounced at the systemic level, less pronounced at the autecological level, and even less detectable at the synecological level. This is not to imply that community convergence does not occur, but rather that our current abilities to quantify and detect convergence at the community level are rudimentary-and our data base is still far from adequate to the task of rigorously comparing community attributes. Most research on the ecology, behavior, physiology, and community structure …

Behavior Of Desert Heteromyids, O. J. Reichman

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

Activity patterns of desert heteromyids are characteristic of many nocturnal rodents, with a peak of activity near dusk and a second prior to dawn. Seasonal activity varies with environmental conditions, going from activity throughout the winter in larger species to extended periods of torpor by smaller pocket mice. The rodents forage primarily for seeds, with pocket mice tending to feed under shrubs and on relatively low-density seed patches and kangaroo rats frequently foraging in the open for relatively high-density seed patches. The animals are usually solitary, with aggression exhibited between and within species. Burrow construction can be simple to extensive. …

End Matter, Vol. 7

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

No abstract provided.

Desert Rodent Populations: Factors Affecting Abundance, Distribution, And Genetic Structure, James C. Munger, Michael A. Bowers, W. Thomas Jones

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

Literature concerning North American nocturnal desert rodents is reviewed to delimit current knowledge of the importance of various factors to abundance, distribution, and genetic structure. In addition, strategies for further study are suggested. Abundance: That increased rodent abundance often follows flushes of annual plant growth that follow favorable rains is well established. The ultimate reason for this pattern has not been established. Competition is important as well, but predation and parasitism have received little consideration. Distribution: Patterns of distribution have been shown to correspond to temperature, moisture, substrate, or vegetative parameters. An important question that remains is to …

Full Issue, Vol. 7

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

No abstract provided.

Adaptive Physiology Of Heteromyid Rodents, Richard E. Macmillen

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

Heteromyid rodents are distributed from the New World tropics to the deserts of North America, but their habitation of deserts is relatively recent. Their evolutionary history, though, is associated with progressive aridity, with larger quadrupedal taxa being more mesic (and primitive), and smaller quadrupeds and all bipeds more xeric. The correlation between water regulatory efficiency and body mass is strongly negative in heteromyids; bipedal Dipodomys spp. have water regulatory efficiency fixed at an intermediate level independent of mass. Heteroymids generally have basal metabolic rates reduced below the eutherian level, with the greatest reductions occurring in desert species. The use of …

Status And Life History Notes On The Native Fishes Of The Alvord Basin, Oregon And Nevada, Jack E. Williams, Carl E. Bond

Great Basin Naturalist

Three fishes, two species of Gila, and an undescribed subspecies of cutthroat trout, are endemic to the Alvord Basin. Historically, the Alvord cutthroat trout, Salmo clarki ssp., inhabited the larger creeks of the basin but has been extirpated in pure form because of introgression with introduced rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. Gila boraxobius is restricted to the thermal waters of Borax Lake and its outflows in the northern part of the basin. This species is endangered because of alteration of its fragile habitat. The Alvord chub, G. alvordensis, is recorded from 16 localities throughout the basin, including springs, creeks, and reservoirs. …

Kramer Palouse Natural Area, Del W. Despain, Grant A. Harris

Great Basin Naturalist

The 27-acre Kramer Palouse Natural Area located in southeastern Washington State represents the best remaining example of what was once the most productive portion of the original Palouse Prairie. This area is being maintained in its pristine condition as a key to the past and as a memory to a unique and once extensive prairie land by the Department of Forestry and Range Management at Washington State University.

Winter Food Habits Of Cougars From Northeastern Oregon, Chris Maser, Ronald S. Rohweder

Great Basin Naturalist

Sixty-four cougar (Felis concolor) stomachs and 41 intestinal tracts were examined for food items in northeastern Oregon from 1976 through 1979. Food items, in order of decreasing frequency, were mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), North American elk (Cervus elaphus), porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum), snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus), and deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus).

Winter Stomach Contents Of South Dakota Badgers, E. Blake Hart, Michael Trumbo

Great Basin Naturalist

Stomach contents of 33 hunter- and trapper-killed badgers, Taxidea taxus, from northeastern South Dakota were examined during the 1980–81 fur season. Mammal prey species made up the bulk of the ingested food, followed by plant materials. Approximately 40 percent of stomach contents were mammals, 35 percent were of plant origin, 10 percent were birds, 10 percent were insects, while the remainder was mostly inorganic materials. Little significant difference was found in variety of food items consumed by each sex. South Dakota badgers are opportunistic foragers in the wintertime when food is scarce. Individual food items are usually taken in quantity …

A Small Carnivore Survey Technique, Tim W. Clark, Thomas M. Campbell Iii

Great Basin Naturalist

A track station survey method for small, nocturnal mammalian carnivores is described. The method has been field tested under a wide variety of conditions. Stations were visited by rodents, mustelids, and canids, as well as insects and birds.

Notes On Reproduction Of The Side-Blotched Lizard Uta Stansburiana Stansburiana In Southwest Idaho, George Bakewell, Joseph M. Chopek, Gary L. Burkholder

Great Basin Naturalist

In 1968 and 1973 in southwestern Idaho, 275 Uta stansburiana were collected. Uta occupies low hills with rocky outcrops and flat sparse vegetation consisting of the following shrubs: Artemisia tridentata, Grayia spinosa, Atriplex confertifolia, Chrysothamnus nauseosus, and Atriplex canescens. Emergence from hibernation occurs from mid-March to early April and the first yolked follicles appear in early April, with oviducal eggs present in late April. Testicular cycle begins with the emergence of males, and spermatozoa are produced from April through July. Uta reaches sexual maturity in one year at a SVL of 40.0 mm in males and 43 mm in females. …

Comparative Life History And Floral Characteristics Of Desert And Mountain Floras In Utah, Patrick D. Collins, Kimball T. Harper, Burton K. Pendleton

Great Basin Naturalist

Life forms and floral characteristics of plants at Arches National Park (desert communities), the Mt. Nebo complex, and a subalpine meadow in the Uinta Mountains (montane and subalpine communities) were compared. Characteristics observed were (1) life form, (2) longevity, (3) pollination system, (4) flower structure, (5) flower symmetry, and (6) flower color. Common families in each flora were also compared. Results showed that there is a significant overrepresentation of shrub species at Arches, and an underrepresentation of perennial forbs. Relative number of perennial forb species was significantly higher at Mt. Nebo and the subalpine meadow than at Arches National Park. …

A Re-Evaluation Of The Postglacial Vegetation Of The Laramie Basin, Wyoming–Colorado, Deborah L. Elliott-Fisk, Betty S. Adkins, Jeanine L. Spaulding

Great Basin Naturalist

Previous work by Wells in the Laramie Basin suggested that a coniferous forest/woodland covered the basin floor in the recent past (until the latest Holocene). We have found no evidence for this woodland and suggest instead that these scattered woodlands along sandstone outcrops and their immediate margins are outliers of the montane forest of the Medicine Bow Mountains, existing in their apparently anomalous locations due to favorable microenvironments set up by the topography and substrate.

Predatory Behavior Of Larval Ambystoma Tigrinum Nebulosum On Limnephilus (Trichoptera) Larvae, Joseph R. Holomuzki

Great Basin Naturalist

Examination of stomach contents indicated that second-year Ambystoma tigrinum nebulosum larvae consumed Limnephilus sp. larvae but rarely ingested the case. Feeding observations of captive salamanders on caddisfly larvae supported this finding. Extraction of caddisfly larvae from their case was accomplished only when larval salamanders quickly seized the anterior portion of ambulatory Limnephilus sp. extended from their case and vigorously shook the trichopteran from side to side.

The John Taylor Nauvoo Journal: January 1845-September 1845, Dean C. Jessee

BYU Studies

No abstract provided.

The High Uintas: Utah's Land Of Lake And Forest, C. Lynn Hayward

Books by Faculty of the Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum

This book details the exploration history, geology, hydrology, ecology, flora, and fauna of the High Uinta Range in Utah. Each chapter is written in a narrative style and includes photographs and identification for the various habitats and species discussed. In the Resources chapter, there is a collection of color photographs for greater aid in identification and appreciation of the beautiful Uinta region and the species that live there.

Table of Contents

Introduction

History

Rocks

Water

Forests

Meadows

Fishes

Birds

Mammals

Resources

Photo Credits

End Matter, Vol. 43 No. 2

Great Basin Naturalist

No abstract provided.

Recording History Through Art Work: A Personal Experience, Le'ruth Tyau

Mormon Pacific Historical Society

No abstract provided.