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Care's Mata Masu Dubara (Women On The Move) Program In Niger: Successful Financial Intermediation In The Rural Sahel, William J. Grant, Henry C. Allen [email protected] Sep 2002

Care's Mata Masu Dubara (Women On The Move) Program In Niger: Successful Financial Intermediation In The Rural Sahel, William J. Grant, Henry C. Allen [email protected]

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

CARE's Mata Masu Dubara (MMD) project is a women's time-bound accumulating savings and credit association (ASCA) program in rural Niger. Over the past decade, CARE has facilitated the creation of over 5,500 active women's groups with over 162,000, providing the purest forms of financial intermediation to their members in some of the poorest parts of Niger. Working from a very simple and appropriately adapted savings based product, sustainability and replication of the associations is easy to achieve. Due to the overwhelming demand for the product, CARE's role has evolved from service provider creating the associations to a facilitator that trains …

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Full Issue, Marriage &. Families Sep 2002

Full Issue, Marriage &. Families

Marriage and Families

No abstract provided.

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Orson Hyde: A Life Of Lessons Learned, Roy Huff Sep 2002

Orson Hyde: A Life Of Lessons Learned, Roy Huff

Religious Educator: Perspectives on the Restored Gospel

No abstract provided.

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Legislating Citizenship In The United States: The Impact Of State Building On Woman Sufferage Legislation, 1848-1918, Eric C. Dahlin Aug 2002

Legislating Citizenship In The United States: The Impact Of State Building On Woman Sufferage Legislation, 1848-1918, Eric C. Dahlin

Theses and Dissertations

This is a state-level analysis of the impact of state building on woman suffrage legislation in the United States. This study examines all states in which state legislatures were conferred the power to submit a constitutional amendment to the electorate for approval. I use a sequential random-effects logistic regression model to estimate the effects of state building on legislative outcome. Legislative outcome is measured in three stages: whether or not a bill is introduced in either the House or the Senate during a legislative session, whether or not a bill is voted on in either the House or the Senate …

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Quetzalcoatl, The Maya Maize God, And Jesus Christ, Diane E. Wirth Jul 2002

Quetzalcoatl, The Maya Maize God, And Jesus Christ, Diane E. Wirth

Journal of Book of Mormon Studies

Many scholars suggest that Quetzalcoatl of Mesoamerica (also known as the Feathered Serpent), the Maya Maize God, and Jesus Christ could all be the same being. By looking at ancient Mayan writings such as the Popol Vuh, this theory is further explored and developed. These ancient writings include several stories that coincide with the stories of Jesus Christ in the Bible, such as the creation and the resurrection. The role that both Quetzalcoatl and the Maize God played in bringing maize to humankind is comparable to Christ’s role in bringing the bread of life to humankind. Furthermore, Quetzalcoatl is said …

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Journal Of Book Of Mormon Studies Volume 11 Issue 1, Neal A. Maxwell Institute For Religious Scholarship Jul 2002

Journal Of Book Of Mormon Studies Volume 11 Issue 1, Neal A. Maxwell Institute For Religious Scholarship

Journal of Book of Mormon Studies

The Journal of the Book of Mormon and Other Restoration Scripture is a peer-reviewed journal dedicated to promoting understanding of the history, meaning, and significance of the scriptures and other sacred texts revealed through the Prophet Joseph Smith.

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Painting Out The Messiah: The Theologies Of Dissidents, John L. Clark Jul 2002

Painting Out The Messiah: The Theologies Of Dissidents, John L. Clark

Journal of Book of Mormon Studies

Despite the establishment of Christ’s church in the New World by the Book of Mormon prophet Nephi, many dissenters during its thousand-year history attempted to thwart the church and preach alternative theologies. This article first discusses the doctrine that Nephi taught to his people concerning Jesus Christ. Historical context then provides further understanding of the society in which Nephi and his descendants lived. Having come from Jerusalem in the Old World, the Nephites were still accustomed to the law of Moses, which certainly would have influenced their view of a Messiah. This, along with the political circumstances of the Nephite …

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The Short Song Of Brewer's Sparrow: Individual And Geographic Variation In Southern Idaho, Terrell D. Rich Jul 2002

The Short Song Of Brewer's Sparrow: Individual And Geographic Variation In Southern Idaho, Terrell D. Rich

Western North American Naturalist

Brewer's Sparrows (Spizella breweri) have two song types—a "short" song that has 1 to 3 trill types and a "long" song that has 5 to 10 or more trill types. I describe the short song and examine patterns of individual and geographic song variation from 15 sites on the Snake River Plain in southern Idaho. Territorial males sang the short song regularly during the breeding season. Two-trill song types comprised 72.9% of all song types, with 3-trill types (18.8%) and 1-trill types (8.2%) less frequent. Over 90% of the males sang their song type(s) essentially without variation. Many …

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Kanab Ambersnail And Other Terrestrial Snails In South Central Utah, Vicky J. Meretsky, Eric G. North, Lawrence E. Stevens Jul 2002

Kanab Ambersnail And Other Terrestrial Snails In South Central Utah, Vicky J. Meretsky, Eric G. North, Lawrence E. Stevens

Western North American Naturalist

Surveys for succineid snails were conducted to improve genetic and geographical information for the endangered Kanab ambersnail (Oxyloma haydeni kanabensis Pilsbry) and related taxa within the Succineidae. Surveys were carried out in the Bureau of Land Management Kanab District, at the Grand Staircase Escalante National Monument, on 3 private holdings, and along Highways 89, 12, and 14, all in south central Utah. A population of Kanab ambersnails was known to exist in the region; other populations of Oxyloma were discovered in primarily seep-fed wetlands in Kanab Creek and in tributaries of and wetlands along the Virgin, Sevier, and Escalante …

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Diet And Food-Niche Breadth Of Burrowing Owls (Athene Cunicularia) In The Imperial Valley, California, Melissa M. York, Daniel K. Rosenberg, Ken K. Sturm Jul 2002

Diet And Food-Niche Breadth Of Burrowing Owls (Athene Cunicularia) In The Imperial Valley, California, Melissa M. York, Daniel K. Rosenberg, Ken K. Sturm

Western North American Naturalist

Burrowing Owls (Athene cunicularia) occupy intensively managed agricultural areas within the Imperial Valley of California, where they occur at high densities relative to other areas in the state, and yet reproductive rates are often low. Understanding diet and food-niche breadth may lead to insights into factors contributing to their poor reproductive performance. We tested the relative contribution of sex, year, and season on diet composition and food-niche breadth from analyses of stomach contents of adult Burrowing Owls (n = 53). Orthoptera dominated the diet; it accounted for 58.9% of the total number of prey items in all …

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Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Of Mojave Desert Plants, Jonathan H. Titus, Priscilla J. Titus, Robert S. Nowak, Stanley D. Smith Jul 2002

Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Of Mojave Desert Plants, Jonathan H. Titus, Priscilla J. Titus, Robert S. Nowak, Stanley D. Smith

Western North American Naturalist

Roots of 15 Mojave Desert plant species were assessed for arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization in spring and autumn 1999. Another 19 species were assessed in autumn only. Perennial species were AM colonized, whereas annual species contained very low levels of AM hyphae or were nonmycorrhizal. The nonnative tree Tamarix ramosissima was also nonmycorrhizal. Levels of hyphae changed over the season in 2 species, arbuscle levels increased in 1 species, and vesicles decreased in 7 species. Mycorrhizal inoculum potential (MIP) was assessed in the soils associated with spring-collected plants. All soils were found to contain MIP. MIP values were not correlated …

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The Effect Of Roads And Trails On Movement Of The Ogden Rocky Mountain Snail (Oreohelix Peripherica Wasatchnesis), Dwayne W. Meadows Jul 2002

The Effect Of Roads And Trails On Movement Of The Ogden Rocky Mountain Snail (Oreohelix Peripherica Wasatchnesis), Dwayne W. Meadows

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Soil Depth Effects On Chihuahuan Desert Vegetation, Francisco Molinar, Jerry Holechek, Dee Galt, Milton Thomas Jul 2002

Soil Depth Effects On Chihuahuan Desert Vegetation, Francisco Molinar, Jerry Holechek, Dee Galt, Milton Thomas

Western North American Naturalist

We evaluated relationships between soil depth and vegetation standing crop components over a 3-year period on 3 adjoining pastures with similar size, vegetation, and soils on the Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center in south central New Mexico. Soils on our study pastures are primarily light sandy loams varying from a few centimeters to 1 m or more in depth underlain by a calcium carbonate layer. Study pastures were ungrazed in 1995 and 1996 and conservatively grazed in 1997. Linear regression equations using perennial grass standing crop (kg ha−1) and honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr.) cover (%) as …

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Abundance And Condition Indices Of Coyotes On Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge, Oregon, Mike R. Dunbar, Mark R. Giordano Jul 2002

Abundance And Condition Indices Of Coyotes On Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge, Oregon, Mike R. Dunbar, Mark R. Giordano

Western North American Naturalist

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service staff at Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge (HMNAR), southeastern Oregon, documented high pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) fawn mortality, subsequent low fawn recruitment, and declining pronghorn numbers from 1996 to 1999. Coyote (Canis latrans) predation was the primary cause, accounting for 60–85% of fawn mortalities each year, and fawns were not physiologically predisposed to predation. Therefore, we investigated certain coyote population parameters (age structure, survival, density, physiology) to evaluate how or if these factors influence coyote predation rates on pronghorn fawns. We captured 11 coyotes (5 male and 6 female) in December 1998. …

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Orientation And Vertical Distribution Of Red-Naped Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus Nuchalis) Nest Cavities, Laurence R. Butcher, Scott A. Fleury, J. Michael Reed Jul 2002

Orientation And Vertical Distribution Of Red-Naped Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus Nuchalis) Nest Cavities, Laurence R. Butcher, Scott A. Fleury, J. Michael Reed

Western North American Naturalist

It has been hypothesized (1) that the compass direction in which woodpeckers excavate breeding cavities depends on nest thermoregulatory needs, and (2) that when multiple cavities are placed in the same tree across years, each new cavity is placed above previous cavities. We tested these hypotheses for Red-naped Sapsuckers (Sphyrapicus nuchalis) in central Nevada and found some evidence that cavities are oriented for thermoregulatory advantage, but we rejected the hypothesis that active cavities are always the highest.

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Bird Populations In Riparian Areas Of Southeastern Arizona In 1985–86 And 1994–95, Linnea S. Hall, Michael L. Morrison, Laurel L. Christoferson, John Martin, Carl E. Bock, Thomas R. Strong Jul 2002

Bird Populations In Riparian Areas Of Southeastern Arizona In 1985–86 And 1994–95, Linnea S. Hall, Michael L. Morrison, Laurel L. Christoferson, John Martin, Carl E. Bock, Thomas R. Strong

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Ecological And Economic Modelling In Agricultural Land Use Scenarios, Bernd Münier, J. S. Schou, K. Birr-Pedersen Jul 2002

Ecological And Economic Modelling In Agricultural Land Use Scenarios, Bernd Münier, J. S. Schou, K. Birr-Pedersen

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Agricultural production and its associated land use comprise the most important key factor regarding biodiversity and environmental impact within the wider countryside in Denmark. Currently, a number of land use changes are implemented in environmental action plans, such as afforestation, restoring wetlands and protection of drinking water catchments. Growing attention is put on the potential of GIS (Geographical Information System) as spatial decision support tools in local and regional environmental impact assessment, planning and implementation of governmental policies at local level. The work presented is part of a multidisciplinary research project, addressing the consequences of changes in agricultural production with …

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Using Soft-Systems Methods To Evaluate The Outputs From Multi-Objective Land Use Planning Tools, K. B. Matthews, K. Buchan, A. R. Sibbald, Susan Craw Jul 2002

Using Soft-Systems Methods To Evaluate The Outputs From Multi-Objective Land Use Planning Tools, K. B. Matthews, K. Buchan, A. R. Sibbald, Susan Craw

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Land managers are increasingly faced with complex decisions requiring the consideration of tradeoffs between multiple, non-commensurable objectives. Such decisions have profound effects on the financial, social and environmental sustainability of land use systems. One approach to assisting land managers with these decisions has been the development of computer-based decision support systems (DSS). While such systems are demonstrably able to make analyses of multi-objective land-use planning problems, are the answers they produce relevant and useful to practitioners? This paper reports on a workshop-based, soft-systems analysis of outputs from a spatial, multi-objective land-use planning tool. The paper outlines the approach taken in …

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Use Of Wetlands For Sustainable Tourism Management, Christine Lim, Michael Mcaleer Jul 2002

Use Of Wetlands For Sustainable Tourism Management, Christine Lim, Michael Mcaleer

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

The Boondall Wetlands Reserve, which is located fifteen kilometres north-east of Brisbane, Queensland,are one of Australia's largest remaining habitats for conservation and environmental education. They areinternationally recognized as an important feeding and resting habitat for migratory wading birds from Alaska,China, Japan, Mongolia and Siberia. In 1996, the Boondall Wetlands Visitor Centre was opened in order to: (i)promote environmental awareness within the local and regional communities; (ii) provide community education andinformation about wetlands systems within the local, regional and global context; (iii) offer nature-based recreation,tourism and eco-tourism services; and (iv) demonstrate how wetlands can be used to diversify the tourism industry.This …

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Putting The Decision In Decision Support, David Swayne Jul 2002

Putting The Decision In Decision Support, David Swayne

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

We consider a novel approach to developing multi-objective environmental decision support applications. We propose using causal probabilistic networks (CPN) to subsume one or more engineering process models, together with CPN implementations of specific decisions and utility measures. So-called decision nodes are set to prior probability assignments of 1/N (where the particular decision has N possible values) and utility nodes are based upon the standard lottery principle give a value for that decision choice. The decisions can be so-called "one-shot" or sequential (time-dependent or at least seasonal). In the latter case maximization of the utility is calculated by gaming to optimize …

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The Particle Deposition Flux Monitoring And Analysis Approach Of The Supreme Project, G. Clai, F. Monforti, C. Catelli, G. Zanini, R. Bellasio, R. Bianconi, M. Bazzoli, A. Manganelli, J. Jacucci Jul 2002

The Particle Deposition Flux Monitoring And Analysis Approach Of The Supreme Project, G. Clai, F. Monforti, C. Catelli, G. Zanini, R. Bellasio, R. Bianconi, M. Bazzoli, A. Manganelli, J. Jacucci

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

SUPREME, a very articulated project still in progress financed by the Italian Universities andResearch Ministry, concerns an integrated decision support system finalized to catastrophic events forecastand to prevent and mitigate flooding and air pollution effects on monumental stones. This paper focuses onthe aerosols deposition tool. The new box model AERBOX simulates the whole life cycle of aerosols andthe consequent urban pollution impact due to the flux of particulate matter deposition. Applied on themonumental area of Florence basin, AERBOX models the industrial and mobile sources of the 50 km x 50km surrounding area induced pollution, and estimates the aerosol deposition on …

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A Grid-Generation Based Method For Information Fusion, Tian Xiang Yue, Ji Yuan Liu, Ying An Wang Jul 2002

A Grid-Generation Based Method For Information Fusion, Tian Xiang Yue, Ji Yuan Liu, Ying An Wang

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Relative studies on multi-scale information fusion, multi-source information fusion and multi-sensor information fusion are reviewed. On the basis of analyzing problems in existing methods of information fusion, a grid-generation model for simulating population density of China is proposed as a case of multi-source information fusion. By fusing remotely sensed data, meteorological data, soil data and statistical data, spatial distribution of population density in China is successfully simulated, in which grid generation process is described in detail. In addition, the basic idea of a grid-generation model as a case of multi-scale information fusion is discussed. The models for multi-source information fusion …

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Long Run Technical Change In An Energy-Environmenteconomy (E3) Model For An Ia System, J. H. Köhler Jul 2002

Long Run Technical Change In An Energy-Environmenteconomy (E3) Model For An Ia System, J. H. Köhler

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

A world macroeconomic model is being developed to investigate policies for climate change and sustainabledevelopment, as a module of an IAM structure for the UK Tyndall Centre. This requires an economic modelfor the next 50-100 years, to show how changes in industrial structure and technology change GHGemissions. There is no suitable and generally accepted theory of long term technical change/development(Kondratiev waves) for incorporation in a macroeconomic modelling structure. However, there is now a gooddescriptive theory, which is intended to provide an economic history perspective of long term change. This isFreeman and Louçν (2001). The objective of our model is to …

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“Behold The Condescension Of God” A Scriptural Perspective On Three Nativity Scenes, Doris R. Dant, Richard G. Oman Jul 2002

“Behold The Condescension Of God” A Scriptural Perspective On Three Nativity Scenes, Doris R. Dant, Richard G. Oman

BYU Studies

In the midst of the Christmas season's commercialization, frenzied preparations, and parties, families worldwide set aside time to arrange a nativity scene on a mantelpiece or table. More than any other traditional Christmas object, these nativity sets bid us heed the message of Christ's birth. What the nativities specifically say differs with the endless variations played out by their creators and those who arrange the scenes, but certain scriptural themes are common. To show how some of these themes are presented by nativity scenes, this article will analyze three world-class nativities created by Latter-day Saint Gerd Sjökvist, Harrison Begay Jr., …

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A Decision Support Gis For The Clean Water Act Permit Review Analysis, Wei (Wayne) Ji, Rima A. Wahab, Jia (Jane) Ma Jul 2002

A Decision Support Gis For The Clean Water Act Permit Review Analysis, Wei (Wayne) Ji, Rima A. Wahab, Jia (Jane) Ma

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Section 404 of the Clean Water Act is the primary federal statute of the United States that regulates the discharge of dredged or fill materials into lakes, rivers, and wetlands. The Section 404 permit review process involves comprehensive assessments of physical, biological, ecological, and socioeconomic impacts of potential human alterations on aquatic ecosystems across spatial scales. Such assessments require the integration of management decision-making with innovative data handling techniques and assessment methodology. The Section 404-permit process is often hindered by the lack of well-developed scientific information and the technical tools for efficient data analysis. The individual permit review frequently becomes …

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A Comparison Of Model Structures For The Simulation Of Amphipod (Talitrus Saltator) Population Dynamics., P. M. Anastácio, S. C. Gonçalves, M. A. Pardal, J. C. Marques Jul 2002

A Comparison Of Model Structures For The Simulation Of Amphipod (Talitrus Saltator) Population Dynamics., P. M. Anastácio, S. C. Gonçalves, M. A. Pardal, J. C. Marques

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

A dynamic model is proposed in order to simulate sandhopper (Talitrus saltator) populationdynamics under various scenarios. It was built under the Stella simulation software and so far it has attainedthe calibration and verification stages. The basic structure of the model depends on the simulation of thenumber of animals in each age class (45 days). A von Bertalanffy growth curve has been adjusted to thetreated field data. From this equation another one expressing the instantaneous growth rate was extracted andused to calculate the growth. The number of individuals in each age class increases due to the ageing processi.e. new individuals coming …

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A Regional Water Quality Model Designed For A Range Of Users And For Retrofit And Re-Use, R. A. Vertessy, J. M. Rahman, F. G. R. Watson, R. M. Argent, S. M. Cuddy, S. P. Seaton Jul 2002

A Regional Water Quality Model Designed For A Range Of Users And For Retrofit And Re-Use, R. A. Vertessy, J. M. Rahman, F. G. R. Watson, R. M. Argent, S. M. Cuddy, S. P. Seaton

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

We discuss the motivations for, and software design concepts underpinning, the development of a regional water quality model. The Environmental Management Support System (EMSS) was developed to predict daily fluxes of runoff, total suspended sediment, total nitrogen and total phosphorous through a large-scale river network. It was built using a custom environmental modelling framework called Tarsier, founded on the Borland C++ Builder rapid application development environment. Three autonomous models are integrated within the EMSS, but are loosely coupled so that alternative models could be retrofitted into the system if desired. The three models share common data handling and visualisation routines …

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Improving The Model Development Cycle By Automatic Configuration Of Modelling Tools, K. De Jong, C. G. Wesseling, D. Karssenberg Jul 2002

Improving The Model Development Cycle By Automatic Configuration Of Modelling Tools, K. De Jong, C. G. Wesseling, D. Karssenberg

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Model development is a difficult and timely process involving various steps to create, check and improve the model. Typically all kinds of software tools are used to facilitate this process. Central to model development is the model definition and we show that, apart from calculating model results, it can be used to tailor some of the tools used to the model at hand. This speeds up model development and might lead to better models.

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Feeding Elk In Greater Yellowstone: A Case Study In Ex-Ante Group Decision Support, Lynne Caughlan, D.L. Hoag Jul 2002

Feeding Elk In Greater Yellowstone: A Case Study In Ex-Ante Group Decision Support, Lynne Caughlan, D.L. Hoag

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Natural resource management decisions are complicated by multiple property rights, management objectives, and stakeholders with varying degrees of influence over the decision making process. Managers must consider all opinions when they develop management policies. Often this type of information is not understood until after a decision has been made, which can result in wasted time and effort. We developed an institutional framework to predict stakeholders’ influence in the resource management decision-making process before the stakeholder meetings actually occur. Then we applied the framework to an actual case study concerning whether to feed elk over the winter in the Greater Yellowstone …

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Parameterizing Gpfarm: An Agricultural Decision Support System For Integrating Science, Economics, Resource Use, And Environmental Impacts, G. S. Mcmaster Jul 2002

Parameterizing Gpfarm: An Agricultural Decision Support System For Integrating Science, Economics, Resource Use, And Environmental Impacts, G. S. Mcmaster

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Few farmers and ranchers adopt agricultural software such as decision support systems (DSS). While numerous decision aids are available, most are too difficult for producers to use, exclude components (e.g., economic budgeting, weeds, multicriteria decision analysis) necessary for meaningful use on farms and ranches, and usually suffer from poor understanding by scientists of producer needs and how they process information. The USDA-ARS Great Plains Framework for Agricultural Resource Management (GPFARM) decision support system has been developed that integrates a graphical user interface, data from farms and ranches, soil-plant-weed-water-N-erosion simulation modules, an economic analysis package, and a multicriteria decision making (MCDM) …

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