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Survey Of The Bat Fauna, Desert National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada, Thomas J. O'Shea, Christy Klinger, Lindsay A. Smythe, Laura Wilkinson, John P. Dumbacher

Western North American Naturalist

We conducted a survey of the bat fauna of Desert National Wildlife Refuge (DNWR) in Nevada during 2008–2014. Our objectives were (1) to determine the species present at DNWR by mist-netting at likely bat drinking areas; (2) to compare the bat fauna at White Spot Spring at DNWR to the fauna documented there in 1962–1967; and (3) to assess the possible importance of artificial water sources to bats on this highly arid landscape in relation to an ongoing drought. We captured 480 bats of 10 species in mist nets over drinking water sources; species identifications are documented by voucher specimens. …

Discontinuous Finite Element Mechanistic Water Quality Model For The Simulation Of Adsorptive Pollutants Transport In River Systems., F. P. Fiengo, L. Sweeck, M. Elskens, W. Bauwens

Open Water Journal

The close interaction between humans, animals and the river system requires to have control about the concentration of different pollutants in the water column in order to avoid damage to the environment. Due to the fact that the measurements are time consuming, expensive and in most of the cases very local, it is required to develop tools in order to predict the spatial and temporal distribution of the pollutants in the system.

Once pollutant effluents are discharged in waters, part of them is transported in liquid phase and the rest is attached to the suspended sediments and to the bed …

Role Of The Endocannabinoid System And Medical Cannabis, Sabrina Jarvis, Sean Rasmussen, Blaine Winters

Student Works

Our bodies produce substances called endocannabinoids which attach to receptors within the endocannabinoid system (ECS) impacting physiological processes on a daily basis. The cannabis plant contains over 100 different cannabinoids which also manipulate the ECS. Knowledge about these interactions have led to an increase in cannabis based pharmacological studies. Providers should have a basic understanding about how the ECS works and how cannabis is being used to treat certain illnesses. This article presents what is currently known about the ECS and how cannabis based medicines impact it, as well as the current laws providers need know regarding cannabis use.

Anne And The Tiger Raja, Rebeca Wallin

Children's Book and Media Review

Anne is having trouble on the playground with two bullies. She wants to fight back violently, but she meets Isaac who tells her that “violence never really solves anything. You have to use your imagination to come up with other solutions.” The children proceed to work together, taking on characters that suit their personalities, to tell the story of the Tiger Raja in Java, based on the Indonesian folk tale Why There Are No Tigers in Borneo. When food becomes scarce in Java, the Tiger Raja sends a messenger to Borneo to demand that the tigers either send food or …

Curious George, Amanda Durrant

Children's Book and Media Review

In this Curious George movie, we are introduced to Ted, a guide at a museum (who we learn is the man in the yellow hat). He is on a mission to save the museum by finding the forty foot tall lost shrine of Zagawa in the African jungle, but his plans are being thwarted by the museum owner's son. Ted goes to Africa and finds a small red statue that he thinks is the shrine, and meets a curious little monkey who loves playing peekaboo with Ted. When Ted talks to the museum director, the size of the shrine is …

Ask The Storybots: How Does Night Happen?, Kristie Hinckley

Children's Book and Media Review

This episode revolves around Spencer’s question, “How does night happen?” The StoryBots decide to follow the sun to find out. When they are on the beach and the sun looks like it disappears into the ocean, they go underwater to find it…with no luck! Mr. Whale teaches them that the sun is always in outer space, even though it may look like it disappears when it sets. The StoryBots travel 93 million miles to the sun to find out why night happens. The sun teaches them about how earth revolves around him and night happens on the side of the …

Hopping Ahead Of Climate Change: Snowshoe Hares, Science, And Survival, Tessa Mcmillan

Children's Book and Media Review

Deep in the woods of Montana, biologist Scott Mills notices a big problem with a small animal. The snowshoe hares he has studied for most of his career are not changing their coat colors fast enough to protect themselves from predators. With season lengths fluctuating due to climate change, many snowshoe hares are getting killed off quicker because they haven’t molted fast enough to match their environment. Without any outside aid, snowshoe hares could become a threatened species. To learn more, Mills is studying coat-changing animals in a variety of climates. In Washington state, not all snowshoe hares molt to …

A Hundred Horses, Cynthia Frazier

Children's Book and Media Review

Eleven year old Nell leads a very busy life full of classes and clubs that she hates. Now she is being forced to spend her spring break in the country with an aunt she can’t remember and two small cousins she doesn’t even want to get to know. On top of that, a suitcase containing a special project has been stolen by someone riding a big black and white horse. Somewhere between Maggie the pig having piglets, rescuing flying chickens, and tracking down a missing goat Nell meets an unlikely friend in a girl named Angel. People say that Angel …

There's A Giraffe In My Soup, Aylea Stephens

Children's Book and Media Review

One boy has terrible luck in a restaurant when animals keep ending up in his soup! First it’s a giraffe, but even after he gets a fresh bowl of soup, the new bowl has an alligator in it. It’s followed by an elephant that can’t swim, a yak, walrus, and many other animals as the boy and the waiter try to get a bowl of soup that the boy can eat without any animals in it. When the waiter gets tired of the boy’s complaints, they finally discover why there are so many animals in the soup.

Storybots Super Songs: Outer Space & The Body, Kristie Hinckley

Children's Book and Media Review

The StoryBots are five adventurous robots who find answers to the inquisitive questions children have. In this episode, they discover answers about outer space and the human body. They travel to the sun, moon, stars, and planets. The Bots present interesting, complex, and sometimes goofy pieces of information together in a simple, entertaining, and memorable way that children will appreciate. They even have a song for every part of the human body! They teach all kinds of facts about the heart, brain, bones, lungs, brain, and stomach!

Chicken In Space, Lori Cunningham

Children's Book and Media Review

Zoey an adventurous chicken and her best friend Sam, the pie loving pig, take you on amazing journey through the power of imagination. Zoey, determined to make her voyage into space, formulates a plan with her sidekick Sam to explore the great skies above. Throughout the book her other farmyard friends have doubts, but Zoey and Sam are determined to find a way and turn their problems into an opportunity. Zoey and Sam make everyday items into something extraordinary: a spaceship, asteroids, comets, and more. Once back at the barnyard, Sam--still hoping for pie--tells all their friends of the adventure …

Violence And Identity In Richard Wright's Native Son, Anna M. Gee

Criterion: A Journal of Literary Criticism

No abstract provided.

Criterion: A Journal Of Literary Criticism, Vol. 9: Iss. 2

Criterion: A Journal of Literary Criticism

No abstract provided.

A Comparison Of Lysophosphatidylcholine And Crush Injury In A Rat Model Of Sciatic Nerve Regeneration, Ryan L. Wood, William G. Pitt, Scott C. Steffensen, Alonzo D. Cook

Faculty Publications

This study examined the effect of using lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC) in combination with a nerve crush injury on the healing rate of damaged left sciatic nerves in female rats. The rats were divided randomly into four groups: Control, LPC, Crush or Crush+ LPC. The Control group was the undamaged right sciatic nerve. The other groups were the damaged left sciatic nerve. The healing of the nerves was measured by monitoring gait, electrophysiological parameters: compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitudes and nerve conductance velocities (NCV); and morphological parameters: total fascicular area, total myelinated fiber counts, fiber densities, fiber diameters, and g-ratio. …

The Onomatopoeic Ideophone-Gesture Relationship In Pastaza Quichua, Sarah Ann Hatton

Theses and Dissertations

The relationship between ideophones and gestures has only recently been studied and is not yet completely understood. The topic has been specifically addressed by Kita (1993), Klassen (1998), Dingemanse (2013), Mihas (2013), and Reiter (2013). Yet there has been little focus on onomatopoeic ideophones. Onomatopoeic ideophones have been set aside as different by many previous researchers (Klassen, 1998, pp. 28-31; Kilian-Hatz, 2001, pp. 161-163; Dingemanse, 2011, pp. 131, 165-167; Mihas, 2012, pp. 327-329; Reiter, 2013, pp. 9-10, 308). Being stigmatized as simple, they have been labeled as "sound mimicking words" (McGregor, 2002, p. 341), "non-linguistic sounds" (Güldemann, 2008, p. 283), …

Reproductive Ecology Of Greater Sage-Grouse In Strawberry Valley, Utah, Jared Jeffrey Baxter

Theses and Dissertations

Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; hereafter, sage-grouse) are a species of conservation concern in the rangelands of western North America due to their dramatic decline over the last half century. Effective conservation and management of sensitive species requires an understanding of how species respond to management actions. We examined two aspects of the reproductive phases of sage-grouse: nest predation, and habitat selection by female sage-grouse with chicks. In Chapter 1, we developed resource selection functions to assess the influence of mechanical treatments of mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata vaseyana) on habitat selection by greater sage-grouse with chicks. …

Extreme Sports: A Study Of Free-Solo Rock Climbers, Jacob Ray Sparks

Theses and Dissertations

Extreme sport participation has traditionally been conceptualized as a psychological disorder and something to be avoided (Cashmore, 2002). Viewed in this way, these individuals are thought to be enacting an unhealthy psychology (Ogilvie, 1997; Slanger & Rudestam, 1997). Other research has described participants in extreme sports as sensation seekers under-stimulated by their normal surroundings and out of control (Zuckerman, 1979). Using Brymer's (2005) focused definition of extreme sports, "activities where a mismanaged mistake or accident would most likely result in death, as opposed to injury" (p. 5), this study utilized a phenomenological method to analyze semi-structured interviews with 16 free-solo …

An Investigation Of The Manufacture And Use Of Bone Awls At Wolf Village (42ut273), Joseph A. Bryce

Theses and Dissertations

Wolf Village is a Fremont farming village located at the southern end of Utah Valley where Brigham Young University has conducted six field schools there and recovered 135 awl and awl fragments. The Wolf Village awls, like the awls from many Fremont sites, represent a large range of morphological variability. Because of the ubiquity and diversity of Fremont bone awls, many different approaches have been taken to organize and understand them; focusing more on morphological characteristics than interpretation. In order to better understand the life use of bone awls, experiments were conducted to replicate the manufacture and use of these …

The Role Of Viral Interleukin-6 In Tumor Development Of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Lymphomas, Rebecca A. Fullwood

Theses and Dissertations

Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) is a cancer-causing virus, primarily affecting AIDS patients. KSHV is found in 3-10% of the U.S. population and can cause a range of cancers in the highly immunosuppressed; these cancers include Kaposi's sarcoma, pleural effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). The current techniques for treating these cancers are relatively ineffective, largely due to their inefficiency at targeting tumors formed by the infection. One protein produced by KSHV, the viral homolog of interleukin-6 (vIL-6), is thought to play a major role in tumor development post-infection. Here a novel animal model is implemented to study the …

The Ability Of Six Children With Language Impairment To Generate Stories From Pictured Stimuli: A Pilot Study, Molly Roxanne Alldredge

Theses and Dissertations

Narrative production and comprehension is a difficult task for children with language impairment (LI). Their stories are typically shorter and contain more grammatical errors than the stories of typically developing age-matched peers. This pilot study describes the abilities of six children with LI to produce stories from pictured stimuli. Stories were elicited from each child during a 10-week period. Stimulus pictures and coding procedures from the Edmonton Narrative Norms Instrument were employed to analyze the participants' story grammar (SG). Eight SG elements were assessed including character introduction, setting, initiating event (IE), internal response (IR), internal plan (IP), attempt, and outcome. …

Asymmetry Of Gains And Losses: Behavioral And Electrophysiological Measures, Diego Gonzalo Flores

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this research was to explore the effects of small monetary or economic gains and/or losses on choice behavior through the use of a computerized game and to determine gain/loss ratio differences using both behavioral and electrophysiological measures. Participants (N=53) played the game in several 36 minute sessions. These sessions operated with concurrent variable-interval schedules for both rewards and penalties. Previously, asymmetrical effects of gains and losses have been identified through cognitive studies, primarily due to the work of nobel laureates Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky (1979). They found that the effect of a loss is twice (i.e., …

Examining Intrinsic Motivation And Holistic Functioning: The Role Of Therapeutic Recreation In Residential Substance Use Treatment, Damien Christopher Cavanaugh

Theses and Dissertations

This evaluative study examined the impact of recreational therapy interventions on intrinsic motivation and holistic functioning among adults at a substance use treatment facility. West (2001) identified motivation as a key variable in treating substance use disorders, and self-determination theory, specifically intrinsic motivation, provided a useful framework for this study. Intrinsic motivation is grounded in self-determination theory and defines various motivation types and how to increase participants' engagement. Holistic functioning is another tool in assessing a participant's recovery. For this evaluation, four domains were specifically assessed: (a) physical, (b) leisure, (c) social, and (d) daily living functioning. These quality of …

Quis Tantus Furor? The Servian Question, Gallus, And Orpheus In Georgics 4, Kyle Glenn Merkley

Theses and Dissertations

In Servius' commentary, there are two elusive statements concerning the ending of the Georgics. Both of these statements seem to imply that Vergil changed the ending of the Georgics and that the Orpheus epyllion as it now stands was a later edition to the poem. The question of whether or not Servius is correct in this assertion is a central question in Vergilian studies. By focusing on the reception of Orpheus prior to Vergil, the Roman Orpheus of Vergil's time, and Vergil's own use of the Orpheus figure, a potential answer emerges to the Servian question. In order to …

The Ontology Of Immanence: Arriving At Being In Nan Shepherd's The Living Mountain, Rachel R. Gilman

Theses and Dissertations

In response to the economic and political upheaval of World War I, Scottish Modernism explored the cultural and linguistic changes of a nation trying to identify itself amidst a world-wide conflict. Scholars and critics have considered Nan Shepherd's fiction in this context—focusing on issues of gender, female identity, language, and land—but have yet to look seriously at her work The Living Mountain and its contributions to the Modernist movement. More recently, critics like Louisa Gairn and Robert MacFarlane have called attention to Shepherd's small but powerful text in an ecocritical and philosophical light, reframing her contribution to issues of Scottish …

Reproduction By Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs And Black-Footed Ferrets: Effects Of Weather And Food Availability, Shaun M. Grassel, Janet L. Rachlow, Christopher J. Williams

Western North American Naturalist

Food availability is one of the most important factors influencing reproduction in mammals. Reproductive success of some species can be negatively affected when body reserves are depleted during long periods of adverse weather conditions. We investigated the relationship of forage availability and weather variables on reproduction by black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) and the effects of black-tailed prairie dog reproduction on reproduction by black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes), a prairie dog specialist predator. Prairie dogs draw on stored energy reserves to support reproduction (i.e., capital breeding), while ferrets likely rely on availability of prey during the reproductive …

Fine-Scale Genetic Structure In Female Mule Deer (Odocoileus Hemionus), Cortney W. Noble, Jeremy M. Bono, Helen K. Pigage, David W. Hale, Jon C. Pigage

Western North American Naturalist

Fine-scale genetic structure in animal populations can have important consequences for evolutionary processes and can influence conservation and management decisions. Cervids often live in matrilineal social groups, and this spatial grouping can create fine-scale genetic structure among females. We used DNA and radio-location data at Fort Carson Military Reservation in south central Colorado, USA, to determine whether female mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) living in close proximity were more likely to be related. Spatial data were obtained over an 18-month period using data transmitted from GPS collars. Average positions for each animal were correlated with relatedness estimates calculated using …

Investigation Of Dynamic Biological Systems Using Direct Injection And Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry, Adam Clayton Swensen

Theses and Dissertations

In biological systems, small changes can have significant impacts. It is, therefore, very important to be able to identify these changes in order to understand what is occurring in the organism. In many cases, this is not an easy task. Mass spectrometry has proven to be a very useful tool in elucidating biological changes even at a very small scale. Several different mass spectrometry based techniques have been developed to discover and investigate complex biological changes. Some of these techniques, such as proteomics, have been through years of development and have advanced to the point that anyone can complete complex …

The Effects Of L-Cysteine On Alzheimer's Disease Pathology In Apoe2, Apoe3, And Apoe4 Homozygous Mice, Stephen Gerard Cieslak

Theses and Dissertations

The APOE gene is of profound importance regarding the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). From the small physical differences among the protein products of the isoforms of this gene arises a profound difference in their physiologies. For example, the APOE2 isoform confers resistance to AD, the APOE3 isoform confers neutral susceptibility to AD, and the APOE4 isoform confers proneness to AD. L-cysteine is an amino acid that has several anti-AD properties, among which are its ability to sequester iron and form glutathione – a powerful antioxidant – and therefore may be a promising potential dietary supplement for ameliorating AD …

Preventing Vocal Fold Dehydration Using Aerosolized Salinein An Excised Porcine Model, Mallory Lynn Hansen

Theses and Dissertations

Vocal fold hydration is important for efficient oscillation during voice production. Dehydration of the vocal fold surface is believed to produce adverse effects on the voice. Specifically, low environmental humidity, mouth breathing, and certain medical conditions may contribute to laryngeal and vocal fold dehydration. This dehydration effect may be quantified using the observed pressure and flow at the onset of phonation, operationally defined as phonation threshold pressure (PTP) and phonation threshold flow (PTF), respectively. Previous research has documented that nebulized isotonic saline (0.9% Na+Cl-) can reduce PTP. Additionally, the topical application of liquid saline increases vocal fold hydration in excised …

Facies Analysis And Depositional Environments Of The Saints & Sinners Quarry In The Nugget Sandstone Of Northeastern Utah, Jesse Dean Shumway

Theses and Dissertations

The Saints & Sinners Quarry preserves the only known vertebrate body fossils in the Nugget Sandstone and the most diverse fauna known from the Nugget-Navajo-Aztec erg system. The fauna includes eight genera and >18,000 bone and bone fragments assignable to >76 individuals, including theropods, sphenosuchians, sphenodontians, drepanosaurs, procolophonids, and a dimorphodontid pterosaur. Cycadeoid fronds are the only plant fossils. There are two depositional environments at the site – dune and interdune, each consisting of two or more faces. The dune facies are (1) Trough Cross-Stratified Sandstone (TCS) representing dry dunes, and (2) Massive and Bioturbated Dunes (MBD) representing bioturbated, damp …