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Articles 541 - 570 of 1073
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Surface Acoustic Wave Devices As Chemical Vapor Sensors, Daniel Gallagher
Surface Acoustic Wave Devices As Chemical Vapor Sensors, Daniel Gallagher
Theses and Dissertations
In order to effectively neutralize non-traditional threats to US forces and population such as improvised explosive devices (IED) and chemical, biological, radio- logical, nuclear, and explosive (CBNRE) weapons, a flexible vapor sensor platform is proposed. This work involves the design, fabrication, and testing of coated surface acoustic wave devices for vapor sensing ability. Devices were fabricated in-house using MEMS fabrication techniques, then coated with a thin layer of a Nafion polymer. The frequency response of coated devices displayed 2 MHz frequency shifts around the resonance frequency upon introduction of ethanol vapors into the nitrogen vapor stream. This indicates strong sensing …
Using Agent-Based Modeling To Evaluate Uas Behaviors In A Target-Rich Environment, Joseph A. Van Kuiken
Using Agent-Based Modeling To Evaluate Uas Behaviors In A Target-Rich Environment, Joseph A. Van Kuiken
Theses and Dissertations
The trade-off between accuracy and speed is a re-occurring dilemma in many facets of military performance evaluation. This is an especially important issue in the world of ISR. One of the most progressive areas of ISR capabilities has been the utilization of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS). Many people believe that the future of UAS lies in smaller vehicles flying in swarms. We use the agent-based System Effectiveness and Analysis Simulation (SEAS) to create a simulation environment where different configurations of UAS vehicles can process targets and provide output that allows us to gain insight into the benefits and drawbacks of …
The Hybrid Counterinsurgency Strategy: System Dynamics Employed To Develop A Behavioral Model Of Joint Strategy, Ferdinand Maldonado
The Hybrid Counterinsurgency Strategy: System Dynamics Employed To Develop A Behavioral Model Of Joint Strategy, Ferdinand Maldonado
Theses and Dissertations
Since the recent focus on the Global War on Terror, both military and civilian theorists have begun to “relearn” the intricacies of counterinsurgency warfare. We face difficult challenges when confronting non-state actors that tend to attack in the time between conventional battles and the establishment of stable governments. This research compares and contrasts current counterinsurgency strategies (Hearts and Minds and Cost Benefit Theory) by applying System Dynamics to provide insight into the influences and emergent behavior patterns of counterinsurgency systems. The information gained from the development of the models and from their simulation behaviors is used to construct a System …
Abstracting Gis Layers From Hyperspectral Imagery, Torsten E. Howard
Abstracting Gis Layers From Hyperspectral Imagery, Torsten E. Howard
Theses and Dissertations
Modern warfare methods in the urban environment necessitates the use of multiple layers of sensors to manage the battle space. Hyperspectral imagers are one possible sensor modality to provide remotely sensed images that can be converted into Geographic Information Systems (GIS) layers. GIS layers abstract knowledge of roads, buildings, and scene content and contain shape files that outline and highlight scene features. Creating shape files is a labor-intensive and time-consuming process. The availability of shape files that reflect the current configuration of an area of interest significantly enhances Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace (IPB). The solution presented in this thesis …
Numerical Analysis For Relevant Features In Intrusion Detection (Narfid), Jose Andres Gonzalez
Numerical Analysis For Relevant Features In Intrusion Detection (Narfid), Jose Andres Gonzalez
Theses and Dissertations
Identification of cyber attacks and network services is a robust field of study in the machine learning community. Less effort has been focused on understanding the domain space of real network data in identifying important features for cyber attack and network service classification. Motivations for such work allow for anomaly detection systems with less requirements on data “sniffed” off the network, extraction of features from the traffic, reduced learning time of algorithms, and ideally increased classification performance of anomalous behavior. This thesis evaluates the usefulness of a good feature subset for the general classification task of identifying cyber attacks and …
2008 Annual Report Of The Graduate School Of Engineering And Management, Air Force Institute Of Technology, Office Of Research And Sponsored Programs, Graduate School Of Engineering And Management, Afit
2008 Annual Report Of The Graduate School Of Engineering And Management, Air Force Institute Of Technology, Office Of Research And Sponsored Programs, Graduate School Of Engineering And Management, Afit
AFIT Documents
The Graduate School's Annual Report highlights research focus areas, new academic programs, faculty accomplishments and news, and provides top-level sponsor-funded research data and information.
The Evaluation Of Rekeying Protocols Within The Hubenko Architecture As Applied To Wireless Sensor Networks, Cory J. Antosh
The Evaluation Of Rekeying Protocols Within The Hubenko Architecture As Applied To Wireless Sensor Networks, Cory J. Antosh
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis investigates the impact of using three different rekeying protocols–pair-wise, hierarchical, and Secure Lock within a wireless sensor network (WSN) under the Hubenko architecture. Using a Matlab computer simulation, the impact of the three rekeying protocols on the number of bits transmitted across the network and the amount of battery power consumed in WSN nodes during rekey operations is investigated. Baseline pair-wise rekeying performance can be improved by using either Secure Lock or hierarchical rekeying. The best choice depends on the size of the WSN and the size of the key used. Hierarchical rekeying is the best choice for …
An Analysis Of Defense Information And Information Technology Articles: A Sixteen Year Perspective, Daniel K. Smith
An Analysis Of Defense Information And Information Technology Articles: A Sixteen Year Perspective, Daniel K. Smith
Theses and Dissertations
Over the past two decades, information and information technology (IT) have evolved significantly and have become increasingly important to our national security. Many different journals have described this evolution. The purpose of this study is to examine the evolution of information and IT through the articles of two defense journals over a sixteen-year period. It provides a review of the article subject matter, the changes in the subject matter, the contributing authors and their institutions, and predictions for the next five years.
Satellite-Based Fusion Of Image/Inertial Sensors For Precise Geolocation, Neil R. Jesse
Satellite-Based Fusion Of Image/Inertial Sensors For Precise Geolocation, Neil R. Jesse
Theses and Dissertations
The ability to produce high-resolution images of the Earth’s surface from space has flourished in recent years with the continuous development and improvement of satellite-based imaging sensors. Earth-imaging satellites often rely on complex onboard navigation systems, with dependence on Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking and/or continuous post-capture georegistration, to accurately geolocate ground targets of interest to either commercial and military customers. Consequently, these satellite systems are often massive, expensive, and susceptible to poor or unavailable target tracking capabilities in GPS-denied environments. Previous research has demonstrated that a tightly-coupled image-aided inertial navigation system (INS), using existing onboard imaging sensors, can provide …
Communication Free Robot Swarming, Zachary C. Gray
Communication Free Robot Swarming, Zachary C. Gray
Theses and Dissertations
As the military use of unmanned aerial vehicles increases, a growing need for novel strategies to control these systems exists. One such method for controlling many unmanned aerial vehicles simultaneously is the through the use of swarm algorithms. This research explores a swarm robotic algorithm developed by Kadrovach implemented on Pioneer Robots in a real-world environment. An adaptation of his visual sensor is implemented using stereo vision as the primary method of sensing the environment. The swarm members are prohibited from explicitly communicating other than passively through the environment. The resulting implementation produces a communication free swarming algorithm. The algorithm …
Graduate School Academic Catalog 2009-2010, Graduate School Of Engineering And Management, Air Force Institute Of Technology
Graduate School Academic Catalog 2009-2010, Graduate School Of Engineering And Management, Air Force Institute Of Technology
AFIT Documents
The Graduate Catalog represents the offerings, programs, and requirements in effect at the time of publication.
Cyber Power In The 21st Century, Joseph M. Elbaum
Cyber Power In The 21st Century, Joseph M. Elbaum
Theses and Dissertations
Historically, the United States Congress has acknowledged that a separate branch of military service is required to exert supremacy over each of the recognized Domains of Operation. Throughout the evolution of modern warfare, leading minds in military theory have come to the conclusion that due to fundamental differences inherent in the theory and tactics that must be employed in order to successfully wage war within a domain’s associated environment, a specialized force was needed - until now. With the recent inclusion of Cyberspace as an operational domain by the Department of Defense, the case should be made that it, too, …
Maximizing Warfighter Capability Using Surveyed Necessity Measurement: Application To The Usaf F-15c Fleet, John M. Colombi, David R. Jacques, Dennis D. Strouble
Maximizing Warfighter Capability Using Surveyed Necessity Measurement: Application To The Usaf F-15c Fleet, John M. Colombi, David R. Jacques, Dennis D. Strouble
Faculty Publications
Within the Department of Defense, with changing missions to counter dynamic and asymmetrical threats, the acquisition workforce strives to maximize capability for joint warfighting. How acquisition professionals measure and select capability improvements for the nation’s weapon systems is a perpetual challenge, made even more complex with constrained defense budgets. This study identifies a method for determining which upgrades should be purchased (production) for which aircraft in the F- 15C fleet by optimizing a capability proxy measure. Each upgrade’s “necessity” for a given mission area was obtained by conducting a survey of over 250 experienced F-15C pilots. The solution presented in …
A Confidence Paradigm For Classification Systems, Nathan J. Leap
A Confidence Paradigm For Classification Systems, Nathan J. Leap
Theses and Dissertations
There is no universally accepted methodology to determine how much confidence one should have in a classifier output. This research proposes a framework to determine the level of confidence in an indication from a classifier system where the output is or can be transformed into a posterior probability estimate. This is a theoretical framework that attempts to unite the viewpoints of the classification system developer (or engineer) and the classification system user (or war-fighter). The paradigm is based on the assumptions that the system confidence acts like, or can be modeled as a value and that indication confidence can be …
Combat Identification Using Multiple Tuav Swarm, Younin Kang
Combat Identification Using Multiple Tuav Swarm, Younin Kang
Theses and Dissertations
In modern warfare, Tactical Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (TUAVs) are rapidly taking on a leading role in traditional and non-traditional ISR, to include Automatic Target Recognition (ATR). However, additional advancements in processors and sensors on TUAVs are still needed before they can be widely employed as a primary source for positive identification in the Combat Identification (CID) process. Cost is a driving factor for operating an ATR system using multiple TUAVs. The cost of high quality sensors appropriate for a single TUAV can be significantly higher than less sophisticated sensors suitable for deployment on a group, or swarm, of coordinated TUAVs. …
Interoperability Measurement, Thomas C. Ford
Interoperability Measurement, Thomas C. Ford
Theses and Dissertations
This research presents an inaugural general method of measuring the collaborative and confrontational interoperability of a heterogeneous set of systems in the context of an operational process. The method is holistic, fundamental, flexible, and mathematical in nature and accommodates all types of systems and interoperations. The method relates the interoperability measurement to measures of operational effectiveness for confrontational operational processes. Extant leveling methods of describing interoperability are shown to be a special case of the more general method given in this research and the general interoperability measurement method is demonstrated through the presentation of coalition interoperability, suppression of enemy air …
Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Phase Conjugation In Fiber Optic Waveguides, Steven M. Massey
Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Phase Conjugation In Fiber Optic Waveguides, Steven M. Massey
Theses and Dissertations
The objective of this research effort was to demonstrate the path to continuous wave, coherent beam combination through stimulated Brillouin scattering phase conjugation in optical fiber. This work experimentally determined the fiber parameters necessary for phase conjugation in step-index optical fiber. Continuous wave phase conjugation using stimulated Brillouin scattering in step-index fibers was achieved for the first time with a fidelity of 0.8 and a threshold power of 16 W in a 15-m fiber with 0.13 NA. A fidelity of 0.8 was also achieved using 40 m of fiber with 0.06-NA and a threshold power of 15 W. The fidelity …
Developing Network Situational Awareness Through Visualization Of Fused Intrusion Detection System Alerts, Serafin A. Avitia V
Developing Network Situational Awareness Through Visualization Of Fused Intrusion Detection System Alerts, Serafin A. Avitia V
Theses and Dissertations
With networks increasing in physical size, bandwidth, traffic volume, and malicious activity, network analysts are experiencing greater difficulty in developing network situational awareness. Traditionally, network analysts have used Intrusion Detection Systems to gain awareness but this method is outdated when analysts are unable to process the alerts at the rate they are being generated. Analysts are unwittingly placing the computer assets they are charged to protect at risk when they are unable to detect these network attacks. This research effort examines the theory, application, and results of using visualizations of fused alert data to develop network situational awareness. The fused …
A Secure And Efficient Communications Architecture For Global Information Grid Users Via Cooperating Space Assets, Victor P. Hubenko Jr.
A Secure And Efficient Communications Architecture For Global Information Grid Users Via Cooperating Space Assets, Victor P. Hubenko Jr.
Theses and Dissertations
With the Information Age in full and rapid development, users expect to have global, seamless, ubiquitous, secure, and efficient communications capable of providing access to real-time applications and collaboration. The United States Department of Defense’s (DoD) Network-Centric Enterprise Services initiative, along with the notion of pushing the “power to the edge,” aims to provide end-users with maximum situational awareness, a comprehensive view of the battlespace, all within a secure networking environment. Building from previous AFIT research efforts, this research developed a novel security framework architecture to address the lack of efficient and scalable secure multicasting in the low earth orbit …
An Analysis Of Botnet Vulnerabilities, Sean W. Hudson
An Analysis Of Botnet Vulnerabilities, Sean W. Hudson
Theses and Dissertations
Botnets are a significant threat to computer networks and data stored on networked computers. The ability to inhibit communication between servers controlling the botnet and individual hosts would be an effective countermeasure. The objective of this research was to find vulnerabilities in Unreal IRCd that could be used to shut down the server. Analysis revealed that Unreal IRCd is a very mature and stable IRC server and no significant vulnerabilities were found. While this research does not eliminate the possibility that a critical vulnerability is present in the Unreal IRCd software, none were identified during this effort.
Developing A Decision Model For Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization (Jieddo) Proposal Selection, Lyle M. Dawley, Lenore A. Marentee, Alice Marie Long
Developing A Decision Model For Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization (Jieddo) Proposal Selection, Lyle M. Dawley, Lenore A. Marentee, Alice Marie Long
Theses and Dissertations
This research uses decision analysis to develop a structured, repeatable and most importantly defensible decision model for the evaluation of proposed IED defeat solutions submitted to the Joint IED Defeat Organization (JIEDDO). Additive value models using Value-Focused Thinking (VFT) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) are examined as possible methodologies. VFT is determined to be the "best fit" for JIEDDO's decision situation in which proposals are submitted continuously and must be scored independently of previous proposals. VFT is first used to determine desirable qualities in IED defeat options, and then to generate a hierarchal value model to evaluate these qualities …
A Survey Of Satellite Communications System Vulnerabilities, Jessica A. Steinberger
A Survey Of Satellite Communications System Vulnerabilities, Jessica A. Steinberger
Theses and Dissertations
The U.S. military’s increasing reliance on commercial and military communications satellites to enable widely-dispersed, mobile forces to communicate makes these space assets increasingly vulnerable to attack by adversaries. Attacks on these satellites could cause military communications to become unavailable at critical moments during a conflict. This research dissected a typical satellite communications system in order to provide an understanding of the possible attacker entry points into the system, to determine the vulnerabilities associated with each of these access points, and to analyze the possible impacts of these vulnerabilities to U.S. military operations. By understanding these vulnerabilities of U.S. communications satellite …
Operationally Responsive Space (Ors): An Architecture And Enterprise Model For Adaptive Integration, Test And Logistics, Jeff A. Alexander, Martha Charles-Vickers, Talbot L. Smith, Michael L. Vickers
Operationally Responsive Space (Ors): An Architecture And Enterprise Model For Adaptive Integration, Test And Logistics, Jeff A. Alexander, Martha Charles-Vickers, Talbot L. Smith, Michael L. Vickers
Theses and Dissertations
The capability to rapidly deploy tactical satellites to meet a Joint Force Commander's immediate battlespace requirements is a well-documented joint capability need. Key U.S. strategic documentation cites the need for the capability to maintain persistent surveillance or an "unblinking eye" over battlespace and to rapidly reconstitute critical space capabilities to preserve situational awareness. The warfighter requires a tactical space-based deployment capability which employs a request to launch and operational deployment window of 90 to 120 days. This master's thesis executed two (2) major areas of work: apply, and reinforce the Operationally Responsive Space (ORS) mission tasks using the Joint Capabilities …
Using Hierarchical Temporal Memory For Detecting Anomalous Network Activity, Gerod M. Bonhoff
Using Hierarchical Temporal Memory For Detecting Anomalous Network Activity, Gerod M. Bonhoff
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis explores the nature of cyberspace and forms an argument for it as an intangible world. This research is motivated by the notion of creating intelligently autonomous cybercraft to reside in that environment and maintain domain superiority. Specifically, this paper offers 7 challenges associated with development of intelligent, autonomous cybercraft. The primary focus is an analysis of the claims of a machine learning language called Hierarchical Temporal Memory (HTM). In particular, HTM theory claims to facilitate intelligence in machines via accurate predictions. It further claims to be able to make accurate predictions of unusual worlds, like cyberspace. The research …
Forecasting Expeditionary Training For Company Grade Logistics Readiness Officers: A Delphi Study, Phillip Kirk Larson
Forecasting Expeditionary Training For Company Grade Logistics Readiness Officers: A Delphi Study, Phillip Kirk Larson
Theses and Dissertations
Since the development of the Expeditionary Airman concept and the start of combat operations in the Global War on Terrorism, the Logistics Readiness Officer’s (LRO) duty environment has expanded beyond traditional garrison-based duties. This expansion can arguably incorporate current topics of joint operations, irregular warfare, and cultural intelligence. The intent of this study is to determine what training, if any, future company grade LROs will require on these three topics. The research uses Delphi methodology, utilizing an expert panel of twelve LROs with experience in joint operations within a deployed environment, and interactions with foreign nationals. The study applies two …
What Constitutes An Act Of War In Cyberspace, Kelli S. Kinley
What Constitutes An Act Of War In Cyberspace, Kelli S. Kinley
Theses and Dissertations
In December 2005 a new mission statement was released by the Air Force Leadership, "to deliver sovereign options for the defense of the United States of America and its global interests...to fly and fight in Air, Space and Cyberspace." (Wynne & Mosley, 2005) With the stand up of the AFCYBER command and the use of cyberspace to carry out our daily mission the U.S. needs to have a clear understanding of what war in cyberspace looks like and what the laws are governing war in cyberspace. This research and it's resulting data analysis is intended to provide a better understanding …
Development Of A Screening Tool To Facilitate Technology Of An Innovative Technology To Treat Perchlorate-Contaminated Water, Daniel A. Craig
Development Of A Screening Tool To Facilitate Technology Of An Innovative Technology To Treat Perchlorate-Contaminated Water, Daniel A. Craig
Theses and Dissertations
Perchlorate contamination of drinking water is a significant problem nationwide. The purpose of this study was to develop a tool to predict the cost and performance of tailored granular activated carbon (T-GAC), an innovative technology that is being evaluated as a cost-effective treatment for perchlorate-contaminated water. The ability to accurately predict performance and cost can facilitate the transfer and commercialization of innovative technologies. In the study, a model was developed to predict T-GAC performance and life-cycle costs for removing perchlorate under varying influent water quality and technology operating conditions. The model's design parameters were obtained from laboratory rapid small-scale column …
An Evaluation And Implementation Guide For Current Groundwater Mass Flux Measurement Practices, Jack G. Wheeldon Iii
An Evaluation And Implementation Guide For Current Groundwater Mass Flux Measurement Practices, Jack G. Wheeldon Iii
Theses and Dissertations
Contaminant mass flux is an important parameter needed for decision making at sites with contaminated groundwater. New and potentially better methods for measuring mass flux are emerging. This study looks at the conventional transect method (TM), and the newer passive flux meter (PFM), modified integral pump test (MIPT), and tandem circulating well (TCW) methods. In order to facilitate transfer and application of these innovative technologies, it is essential that potential technology users have access to credible information that addresses technology capabilities, limitations, and costs. This study provides such information on each of the methods by reviewing implementation practices and comparing …
An Exploratory Examination Of Social Website Quality, Joseph B. Werling
An Exploratory Examination Of Social Website Quality, Joseph B. Werling
Theses and Dissertations
With websites becoming the frontend for numerous systems, the system's benefits require customers to have a favorable evaluation of the site and an intention to re-use it. It must be considered to be of high quality. With websites increasing adding collaborative technologies (such as tools for social networking, forums, and blogging) a new instrument to evaluate the quality of these types of sites is needed. Before such an instrument is developed, an understanding of the applicable theories is needed. This study offers that background. First the potential benefits of this research and its guiding questions are presented. Next is a …
Micro-Etched Platforms For Thermal Inactivation Of Bacillus Anthracis And Bacillus Thuringiensis Spores, Leslie S. Hawkins
Micro-Etched Platforms For Thermal Inactivation Of Bacillus Anthracis And Bacillus Thuringiensis Spores, Leslie S. Hawkins
Theses and Dissertations
This research developed and applied microlithography techniques to etch microscope slide platforms in order to measure thermal inactivation of Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus anthracis spores, two closely related Bacillus species. B.t. is widely used as a surrogate for B.a. in response studies and in some field studies. This work addressed the previously identified problem of measuring both spore growth and spore thermal kill threshold using the traditional method of spreading a diluted spore solution on a plate. The micro-etched platforms forced spore separation thereby preventing neighbor growth from obscuring germination and initial vegetative growth measurements using a microscope. The technique …