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Articles 421 - 450 of 1073
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Investigation Of Gallium Nitride Transistor Reliability Through Accelerated Life Testing And Modeling, Bradley D. Christiansen
Investigation Of Gallium Nitride Transistor Reliability Through Accelerated Life Testing And Modeling, Bradley D. Christiansen
Theses and Dissertations
Gallium nitride high electron mobility transistors are attractive to the DoD for their ability to operate at high frequencies, voltages, temperatures, and power. Yet, there are concerns about the reliability of these devices. Various degradation mechanisms and their causes are proposed in the literature. A variety of reliability tests were conducted to understand these mechanisms and causes. A multi-stressor experiment revealed different failure mechanisms than are in the literature. In particular, the devices tested at high voltage in the OFF state did not degrade significantly as suggested by others' reports. The validity of temperature-accelerated life testing when applied to GaN …
A Novel Malware Target Recognition Architecture For Enhanced Cyberspace Situation Awareness, Thomas E. Dube
A Novel Malware Target Recognition Architecture For Enhanced Cyberspace Situation Awareness, Thomas E. Dube
Theses and Dissertations
The rapid transition of critical business processes to computer networks potentially exposes organizations to digital theft or corruption by advanced competitors. One tool used for these tasks is malware, because it circumvents legitimate authentication mechanisms. Malware is an epidemic problem for organizations of all types. This research proposes and evaluates a novel Malware Target Recognition (MaTR) architecture for malware detection and identification of propagation methods and payloads to enhance situation awareness in tactical scenarios using non-instruction-based, static heuristic features. MaTR achieves a 99.92% detection accuracy on known malware with false positive and false negative rates of 8.73e-4 and 8.03e-4 respectively. …
Using Reputation Based Trust To Overcome Malfunctions And Malicious Failures In Electric Power Protection Systems, Jose E. Fadul
Using Reputation Based Trust To Overcome Malfunctions And Malicious Failures In Electric Power Protection Systems, Jose E. Fadul
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation advocates the use of reputation-based trust in conjunction with a trust management framework based on network flow techniques to form a trust management toolkit (TMT) for the defense of future Smart Grid enabled electric power grid from both malicious and non-malicious malfunctions. Increases in energy demand have prompted the implementation of Smart Grid technologies within the power grid. Smart Grid technologies enable Internet based communication capabilities within the power grid, but also increase the grid's vulnerability to cyber attacks. The benefits of TMT augmented electric power protection systems include: improved response times, added resilience to malicious and non-malicious …
Analysis Of Transient Electromagnetic Scattering From An Overfilled Cavity Embedded In An Impedance Ground Plane, Robert S. Callihan
Analysis Of Transient Electromagnetic Scattering From An Overfilled Cavity Embedded In An Impedance Ground Plane, Robert S. Callihan
Theses and Dissertations
We consider the transient, or time-domain, scattering problem of a two-dimensional overfilled cavity embedded in an impedance ground plane. This problem is a significant advancement from previous work where more simplified boundary conditions were used, which can limit the number of applications. This research supports a wide range of military applications such as the study of cavity-like structures on aircraft and vehicles. More importantly, this research helps detect the biggest threat on today's battlefield: improvised explosive devices. An important step in solving the problem is introducing an artificial boundary condition on a semicircle enclosing the cavity; this couples the fields …
Modeling And Analysis Of High Energy Laser Weapon System Performance In Varying Atmospheric Conditions, Megan P. Melin
Modeling And Analysis Of High Energy Laser Weapon System Performance In Varying Atmospheric Conditions, Megan P. Melin
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis addresses two primary concerns relating to Directed Energy (DE) models and tests: need for more use of Design of Experiment (DOE) in structuring DE models and tests, and lack of modeling atmospheric variability in High Energy Laser (HEL) weapon system propagation models and tests. To address these concerns we use a DOE factorial design to capture main, interaction, and non-linear effects between modeled weapon design and environmental factors in a well defined simulated Air-to-Ground HEL engagement scenario. The scenario modeled considers a B1-B aircraft in the 2022 timeframe equipped with an HEL weapon, irradiating a ground target from …
Design And Control Of Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicles, Michael L. Anderson
Design And Control Of Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicles, Michael L. Anderson
Theses and Dissertations
Flapping wing Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs) continues to be a growing field, with ongoing research into unsteady, low Re aerodynamics, micro-fabrication, and fluid-structure interaction. However, research into flapping wing control of such MAVs continues to lag. Existing research uniformly consists of proposed control laws that are validated by computer simulations of quasi-steady blade-element formulae. Such simulations use numerous assumptions and cannot be trusted to fully describe the flow physics. Instead, such control laws must be validated on hardware. Here, a novel control technique is proposed called Bi-harmonic Amplitude and Bias Modulation (BABM) which can generate forces and moments in 5 …
A Taskable Space Vehicle: Realizing Cost Savings By Combining Orbital And Suborbital Flight, Thomas Co, Jonathan T. Black
A Taskable Space Vehicle: Realizing Cost Savings By Combining Orbital And Suborbital Flight, Thomas Co, Jonathan T. Black
Faculty Publications
The use of space gives the United States distinct advantages in any battlefield environment, but the high cost of space operations increasingly jeopardizes those advantages. Although the United States pioneered much of the current space technology, declining budgets for space research, development, and operations leave our legacy systems vulnerable to adversaries around the world. Other nations formerly incapable of space exploitation are quickly learning to counter US space technologies at surprisingly low costs. In order to reduce the expense of deploying and maintaining a robust space capability, the Department of Defense (DOD) must change the status quo in space operations …
X-Hale: Designing The Atmospheric Surveillance Platforms Of The Future, Christopher M. Shearer
X-Hale: Designing The Atmospheric Surveillance Platforms Of The Future, Christopher M. Shearer
Faculty Publications
Imagine the benefits that battlefield commanders or intelligence analysts could derive from an airborne surveillance platform that would carry a 500-pound payload, operate above the range of small arms fire, remain on station for weeks or even years, cost much less than a satellite, and relocate around the globe to a new region of interest within a couple of weeks. Realizing this concept, known as a high-altitude, long-endurance HALE aircraft, is a 10-to-15-year goal of researchers at the Air Force Institute of Technology AFIT. In order to reach this goal, those researchers are following a developmental path similar to the …
Precision Position, Navigation, And Timing Without The Global Positioning System, Kenneth A. Fisher, John F. Raquet
Precision Position, Navigation, And Timing Without The Global Positioning System, Kenneth A. Fisher, John F. Raquet
Faculty Publications
The NAVSTAR Global Positioning System GPS has revolutionized modern warfare. Since 2005 almost all US precision-guided munitions have used GPS targeting data. Consequently, weapons delivery systems are able to strike enemy targets with precision, often resulting in little or no collateral damage. Furthermore, nearly all military assets, including aircraft, tanks, ships, missiles, mortar rounds, cargo boxes, and dismounted Soldiers rely on the accurate position determination that GPS provides. For military users of this system, two main limitations emerge. First, the system relies on line of sight that is, the satellites must be in view of the receiver s antenna so …
The Criticality Of Defense-Focused Technical Education, Walter D. Givhan, Eric D. Trias, William H. Allen
The Criticality Of Defense-Focused Technical Education, Walter D. Givhan, Eric D. Trias, William H. Allen
Faculty Publications
The United States Air Force is a service born of technology, and throughout its history, technology has remained central to its identity and power. From the start, visionary leaders realized the importance of technologically focused education to advancing airpower. Consequently, through the years, institutions of higher learning such as the Air Force Institute of Technology AFIT, as well as the civilian institution program it administers, have continued the meaningful work of developing the technology and organic human capital to sustain the Air Forces edge as a fighting force. As advances in technology have led the Air Force into the new …
Using Nanotechnology To Detect Nerve Agents, Mark N. Goltz, Dong-Shik Kim, Leeann Racz
Using Nanotechnology To Detect Nerve Agents, Mark N. Goltz, Dong-Shik Kim, Leeann Racz
Faculty Publications
Nanotechnology has opened a wide range of opportunities having potential impacts in areas as diverse as medicine and consumer products. In collaboration with researchers at the University of Toledo UT, Air Force Institute of Technology AFIT scientists are exploring the possibility of using a nanoscale organic matrix to detect organophosphate OP nerve agents. Current techniques for detecting OP compounds are expensive and time consuming. Developing a nanoscale organic matrix sensor would allow for direct, real-time sensing under field conditions. This article describes the science behind such a sensor and its possible applications. High-performance sensors are needed to protect Soldiers and …
E-10a Mc2a Systems Engineering Case Study, Air Force Center For Systems Engineering, William Albery
E-10a Mc2a Systems Engineering Case Study, Air Force Center For Systems Engineering, William Albery
AFIT Documents
No abstract provided.
Context Aided Tracking With Adaptive Hyperspectral Imagery, Andrew C. Rice
Context Aided Tracking With Adaptive Hyperspectral Imagery, Andrew C. Rice
Theses and Dissertations
A methodology for the context-aided tracking of ground vehicles in remote airborne imagery is developed in which a background model is inferred from hyperspectral imagery. The materials comprising the background of a scene are remotely identified and lead to this model. Two model formation processes are developed: a manual method, and method that exploits an emerging adaptive, multiple-object-spectrometer instrument. A semi-automated background modeling approach is shown to arrive at a reasonable background model with minimal operator intervention. A novel, adaptive, and autonomous approach uses a new type of adaptive hyperspectral sensor, and converges to a 66% correct background model in …
Solar Warning Architecture For Manned Missions To Mars, James S. Bohren, John K. Howard
Solar Warning Architecture For Manned Missions To Mars, James S. Bohren, John K. Howard
Theses and Dissertations
Solar radiation storms represent a dire threat to manned interplanetary space travel. Earth's current solar forecasting architecture is Earth-focused and insufficient to provide timely warnings to a manned mission to Mars, therefore a "best value" solar warning architecture must be identified. A total of 14 solar warning architectures were developed by varying 5 solar sensor locations, 2 processing locations, and 2 communications strategies. Using Satellite Tool Kit, performance of the candidate architectures in terms of Warning Time and Solar Coverage was quantified during a Mars mission scenario based on NASA's Design Reference Architecture 5.0. Cost of each candidate architecture was …
A-10 Thunderbolt Ii (Warthog) Systems Engineering Case Study, Air Force Center For Systems Engineering, David R. Jacques, Dennis D. Strouble
A-10 Thunderbolt Ii (Warthog) Systems Engineering Case Study, Air Force Center For Systems Engineering, David R. Jacques, Dennis D. Strouble
AFIT Documents
No abstract provided.
War Fighting In Cyberspace: Evolving Force Presentation And Command And Control, M. Bodine Birdwell, Robert F. Mills
War Fighting In Cyberspace: Evolving Force Presentation And Command And Control, M. Bodine Birdwell, Robert F. Mills
Faculty Publications
The Department of Defense (DOD) is endeavoring to define war fighting in the global cyberspace domain. Creation of US Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM), a subunified functional combatant command (FCC) under US Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM), is a huge step in integrating and coordinating the defense, protection, and operation of DOD networks; however, this step does not mean that USCYBERCOM will perform or manage all cyberspace functions. In fact the vast majority of cyberspace functions conducted by the services and combatant commands (COCOM), although vital for maintaining access to the domain in support of their operations, are not of an active war-fighting nature. …
Vision-Aided Autonomous Precision Weapon Terminal Guidance Using A Tightly-Coupled Ins And Predictive Rendering Techniques, Jonathan W. Beich
Vision-Aided Autonomous Precision Weapon Terminal Guidance Using A Tightly-Coupled Ins And Predictive Rendering Techniques, Jonathan W. Beich
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis documents the development of the Vision-Aided Navigation using Statistical Predictive Rendering (VANSPR) algorithm which seeks to enhance the endgame navigation solution possible by inertial measurements alone. The eventual goal is a precision weapon that does not rely on GPS, functions autonomously, thrives in complex 3-D environments, and is impervious to jamming. The predictive rendering is performed by viewpoint manipulation of computer-generated of target objects. A navigation solution is determined by an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) which corrects positional errors by comparing camera images with a collection of statistically significant virtual images. Results indicate that the test algorithm is …
A Framework For The Measurement Of Simulated Behavior Performance, Christopher M. Cooper
A Framework For The Measurement Of Simulated Behavior Performance, Christopher M. Cooper
Theses and Dissertations
Recent development in video games, simulation, training, and robotics has seen a push for greater visual and behavioral realism. As the reliance on high fidelity models in the education, training, and simulation communities to provide information used for strategic and tactical decisions rises, the importance of accuracy and credibility of simulated behavior increases. Credibility is typically established through verification and validation techniques. Increased interest exists in bringing behavior realism to the same level as the visual. Thus far validation process for behavioral models is unclear. With real world behavior a major goal, this research investigates the validation problem and provides …
Routing Uavs To Co-Optimize Mission Effectiveness And Network Performance With Dynamic Programming, Spenser D. Lee
Routing Uavs To Co-Optimize Mission Effectiveness And Network Performance With Dynamic Programming, Spenser D. Lee
Theses and Dissertations
In support of the Air Force Research Laboratory's (AFRL) vision of the layered sensing operations center, command and control intelligence surveillance and reconnaissance (C2ISR) more focus must be placed on architectures that support information systems, rather than just the information systems themselves. By extending the role of UAVs beyond simply intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) operations and into a dual-role with networking operations we can better utilize our information assets. To achieve the goal of dual-role UAVs, a concrete approach to planning must be taken. This research defines a mathematical model and a non-trivial deterministic algorithmic approach to determining UAV …
Evaluating Information Assurance Control Effectiveness On An Air Force Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (Scada) System, Jason R. Nielsen
Evaluating Information Assurance Control Effectiveness On An Air Force Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (Scada) System, Jason R. Nielsen
Theses and Dissertations
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems are increasingly being connected to corporate networks which has dramatically expanded their attack surface to remote cyber attack. Adversaries are targeting these systems with increasing frequency and sophistication. This thesis seeks to answer the research question addressing which Information Assurance (IA) controls are most significant for network defenders and SCADA system managers/operators to focus on in order to increase the security of critical infrastructure systems against a Stuxnet-like cyber attack. This research applies the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) IA controls to an attack tree modeled on a remote Stuxnet-like cyber …
Defensive Cyber Battle Damage Assessment Through Attack Methodology Modeling, Ryan T. Ostler
Defensive Cyber Battle Damage Assessment Through Attack Methodology Modeling, Ryan T. Ostler
Theses and Dissertations
Due to the growing sophisticated capabilities of advanced persistent cyber threats, it is necessary to understand and accurately assess cyber attack damage to digital assets. This thesis proposes a Defensive Cyber Battle Damage Assessment (DCBDA) process which utilizes the comprehensive understanding of all possible cyber attack methodologies captured in a Cyber Attack Methodology Exhaustive List (CAMEL). This research proposes CAMEL to provide detailed knowledge of cyber attack actions, methods, capabilities, forensic evidence and evidence collection methods. This product is modeled as an attack tree called the Cyber Attack Methodology Attack Tree (CAMAT). The proposed DCBDA process uses CAMAT to analyze …
Multiple Integrated Navigation Sensors For Improving Occupancy Grid Fastslam, Christopher P. Weyers
Multiple Integrated Navigation Sensors For Improving Occupancy Grid Fastslam, Christopher P. Weyers
Theses and Dissertations
An autonomous vehicle must accurately observe its location within the environment to interact with objects and accomplish its mission. When its environment is unknown, the vehicle must construct a map detailing its surroundings while using it to maintain an accurate location. Such a vehicle is faced with the circularly defined Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) problem. However difficult, SLAM is a critical component of autonomous vehicle exploration with applications to search and rescue. To current knowledge, this research presents the first SLAM solution to integrate stereo cameras, inertial measurements, and vehicle odometry into a Multiple Integrated Navigation Sensor (MINS) path. …
Broadband Pumping Effects On The Diode Pumped Alkali Laser, Paul Nathaniel Jones
Broadband Pumping Effects On The Diode Pumped Alkali Laser, Paul Nathaniel Jones
Theses and Dissertations
This research seeks to gain greater insight on the mechanics of The Diode Pumped Alkali Laser through analytic modeling techniques. This work is an extension to a previous model developed by Dr. Gordon Hager, and focuses on the addition of pump-beam bandwidth. Specifically, it seeks to determine the effect that broadband pumping has on laser performance. The model incorporates all the fundamental parameters within the laser system, including alkali concentrations, collision partner concentrations, pump bandwidth, length and temperature of gain medium, transmission, and reflectivity. Baseline operating conditions set Rubidium (Rb) concentrations ranging from 1012 - 1014 atoms/cm3 …
Measure Of Effectiveness For Jstars Ground Moving Target Indicator: A Value Focused Thinking Approach, Gardner J. Joyner
Measure Of Effectiveness For Jstars Ground Moving Target Indicator: A Value Focused Thinking Approach, Gardner J. Joyner
Theses and Dissertations
As the nature of warfare has shifted from a conventional approach to more guerilla type warfare, intelligence has become more important than at any other time in the history of the United States Military. With the stochastic nature of intelligence gathering, it is almost impossible to know with any degree of certainty where and when the next piece of information that could possibly change the course of the battle or war will be obtained. US intelligence gathering assets have long been plagued with using useless measures of performance rather than measures of effectiveness to determine their worth. This research uses …
Multi Criteria Decision Support Model For The Turkish Air Force Personnel Course/Education Planning System, Cem Malyemez
Multi Criteria Decision Support Model For The Turkish Air Force Personnel Course/Education Planning System, Cem Malyemez
Theses and Dissertations
Many personnel are assigned to different courses and educational opportunities in the Turkish Air Force every year. This daunting process requires a great deal of time and does not currently seek to find an optimal solution. The Turkish Air Force has a database for all personnel information, but the officials use just a few quantitative personnel data points to complete their tasks. Moreover, the matching process is done by hand. Therefore there is a need for a model, which supports the Decision Makers, to cover the some of the other quantitative data points and also add some qualitative data for …
Characterization Of Noise Technology Radar Signal Detectability Using A Non-Cooperative Receiver, Daniel V. Atienza
Characterization Of Noise Technology Radar Signal Detectability Using A Non-Cooperative Receiver, Daniel V. Atienza
Theses and Dissertations
As Noise Technology Radar (NTR) systems emerge, there is a need for non-cooperative, non-matched filter detection and exploitation. This work is based on that need and AFIT's Noise Network (NoNET) radar system. These signals are associated with Low Probability of Detection/ Intercept (LPD/LPI) signals. Quadrature Mirror Filter Banks (QMFB) has been effectively used for non-cooperatively detecting structured LPD/LPI signals and extracting various waveform characteristics. However, the QMFB process performance with unstructured NTR signals was challenging and motivated a need for a transformed QMFB. This transform was based on AFIT research by Gronholz and Mims (G-M), who used a multi-channel receiver …
Improving The Relevance Of Cyber Incident Notification For Mission Assurance, Stephen M. Woskov
Improving The Relevance Of Cyber Incident Notification For Mission Assurance, Stephen M. Woskov
Theses and Dissertations
Military organizations have embedded Information and Communication Technology (ICT) into their core mission processes as a means to increase operational efficiency, improve decision making quality, and shorten the kill chain. This dependence can place the mission at risk when the loss, corruption, or degradation of the confidentiality, integrity, and/or availability of a critical information resource occurs. Since the accuracy, conciseness, and timeliness of the information used in decision making processes dramatically impacts the quality of command decisions, and hence, the operational mission outcome; the recognition, quantification, and documentation of critical mission-information resource dependencies is essential for the organization to gain …
Simultaneous Range/Velocity Detection With An Ultra-Wideband Random Noise Radar Through Fully Digital Cross-Correlation In The Time Domain, James R. Lievsay
Simultaneous Range/Velocity Detection With An Ultra-Wideband Random Noise Radar Through Fully Digital Cross-Correlation In The Time Domain, James R. Lievsay
Theses and Dissertations
This research effort examines the theory, application, and results of applying two-dimensional cross-correlation in the time domain to ultra-wideband (UWB) random noise waveforms for simultaneous range and velocity estimation. When applying common Doppler processing techniques to random noise waveforms for the purpose of velocity estimation, the velocity resolution degrades as the signal bandwidth or the target speed increase. To mitigate the degradation, the Doppler approximation is not utilized, and instead, wideband signal processing theory is applied in the time domain. The results show that by accurately interpolating each sample in the digitized reference signal, a target's velocity and range can …
Characterization Of The Neutron Spectrum At The Indiana University Nrep Neutron Source, Matthew R. Halstead
Characterization Of The Neutron Spectrum At The Indiana University Nrep Neutron Source, Matthew R. Halstead
Theses and Dissertations
The neutron source at the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility produces neutrons via proton bombardment of a natural beryllium (100% 9Be) target. This source has two beam lines: the LENS and the NREP. The energy spectrum of the neutrons produced on the NREP beam line has not yet been characterized. Through simulation using the GEANT and MCNP particle transport codes as well as neutron activation analysis experiments, an attempt was made to characterize the energy spectrum of the neutron production source. First, the neutron production spectrum of beryllium, simulated using GEANT, was compared with literature; there are significant deviations. Next, foils …
Immediate And Delayed Drug Therapy Effects On Low Dose Sarin Exposed Mice Myocardial Performance, Joshua T. Miller
Immediate And Delayed Drug Therapy Effects On Low Dose Sarin Exposed Mice Myocardial Performance, Joshua T. Miller
Theses and Dissertations
Recent studies have shown that a single asymptomatic dose exposure to the nerve agent sarin can lead to long term cardiac dysfunction. This study looked at immediate and delayed treatment therapies post exposure on cardiac function. The mice were studied using electrocardiography (QTc, STc, and Tc intervals) and histological techniques (hematoxylin and eosin staining and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) staining). Male C57BL/6J mice were injected with sarin (0.4LD50) and studied up to 11 weeks. Mice which were given a single dose of the nerve agent treatment atropine/2PAMCL, showed significantly higher cell size and BNP levels than the control (p = …