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Neutron Radiation Effects On Ge And Gesn Semiconductors, Christopher T. O'Daniel
Neutron Radiation Effects On Ge And Gesn Semiconductors, Christopher T. O'Daniel
Theses and Dissertations
Two different semiconductor materials received neutron radiation for assessment of radiation damage. The two materials are undoped bulk Ge and epitaxial Ge0.991Sn0.009, which is doped heavily with phosphorous. At room temperature, the Ge sample has direct and indirect bandgaps at 0.78 eV and 0.66 eV, respectively. The Ge0.991Sn0.009 sample has direct and indirect bandgaps at 0.72 eV and 0.63 eV, respectively. Two samples of each material were exposed to research reactor neutrons, delivering a 1 MeV equivalent neutron fluence of 2.52 × 1015 n/cm2. In order to assess the radiation …
A Simulation-Based Analysis Of Chemical And Radiological Hazard Zones Adapted To Physical Boundaries, Mickie J. Sundheim
A Simulation-Based Analysis Of Chemical And Radiological Hazard Zones Adapted To Physical Boundaries, Mickie J. Sundheim
Theses and Dissertations
In the United States, industrial and terrorist use of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) materials pose a risk to public safety. During the initial phase of typical CBRN incidents, emergency responders establish hazard zones based on standard distances from published guidelines and recommendations. This research investigates how standard hazard zones change in a real world environment that accounts for physical boundaries. Using a python simulation in ArcGIS®, new hazard zones were created by expanding standard hazard zones to follow nearby roads, railroads, and rivers. The new and standard zones were compared by calculating the population and area affected by …
Jamming Cognitive Radios, Travis J. Freeman
Jamming Cognitive Radios, Travis J. Freeman
Theses and Dissertations
The goal of this thesis is to identify and evaluate weaknesses in the rendezvous process for Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) in the presence of a Cognitive Jammer (CJ). Jamming strategies are suggested and tested for effectiveness. Methods for safe- guarding the Cognitive Radios (CRs) against a CJ are also explored. A simulation is constructed to set up a scenario of two CRs interacting with a CJ. Analysis of the simulation is conducted primarily at the waveform level. A hardware setup is constructed to analyze the system in the physical layer, verify the interactions from the simulation, and test in a …
Airborne Directional Networking: Topology Control Protocol Design, Barry C. Geise
Airborne Directional Networking: Topology Control Protocol Design, Barry C. Geise
Theses and Dissertations
This research identifies and evaluates the impact of several architectural design choices in relation to airborne networking in contested environments related to autonomous topology control. Using simulation, we evaluate topology reconfiguration effectiveness using classical performance metrics for different point-to-point communication architectures. Our attention is focused on the design choices which have the greatest impact on reliability, scalability, and performance. In this work, we discuss the impact of several practical considerations of airborne networking in contested environments related to autonomous topology control modeling. Using simulation, we derive multiple classical performance metrics to evaluate topology reconfiguration effectiveness for different point-to-point communication architecture …
Superconducting Quantum Interference Device Array Based High Frequency Direction Finding On An Airborne Platform, Tyrel K. Kvasager
Superconducting Quantum Interference Device Array Based High Frequency Direction Finding On An Airborne Platform, Tyrel K. Kvasager
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis evaluates a new incredibly sensitive highly linear high dynamic range 2D Bi-SQUID array purposed by the dissertation written by Susan Berggren applied to use on an airborne platform for the purposes of HFDF. To evaluate how useful the 2D Bi-SQUID is we explore multiple signals of the same frequency in two different base sensor configurations: Non-uniform phased array and non-colocated Poynting's Theorem based vector sensors. The exploration is performed using the SPIRIT HPC system to calculate the 2D Bi-SQUID output given multiple incident signals. The AoA estimation calculation is performed using the MUSIC algorithm on the signals received …
Real-Time Implementation Of Vision-Aided Monocular Navigation For Small Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aerial Systems, Timothy I. Machin
Real-Time Implementation Of Vision-Aided Monocular Navigation For Small Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aerial Systems, Timothy I. Machin
Theses and Dissertations
The goal of this project was to develop and implement algorithms to demonstrate real-time positioning of a UAV using a monocular camera combined with previously collected orthorectified imagery. Unlike previous tests, this project did not utilize a full inertial navigation system (INS) for attitude, but instead had to rely on the attitude obtained by inexpensive commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) autopilots. The system consisted of primarily COTS components and open-source software, and was own over Camp Atterbury, IN for a sequence of flight tests in Fall 2015. The system obtained valid solutions over much of the flight path, identifying features in the …
Interference Suppression Using Knowledge-Aided Subarray Pattern Synthesis, David A. New
Interference Suppression Using Knowledge-Aided Subarray Pattern Synthesis, David A. New
Theses and Dissertations
Most phased array systems subarray many antenna elements into far fewer digitized channels. While having more degrees of freedom (DOF) yields better performance, adding channels to create more digital DOF increases system cost and data throughput requirements. A subarray itself constitutes a phased array with as many DOF as it has antenna element weights. Typically, only one degree of freedom is used to steer the maximum gain direction of the subarray pattern. For typical antenna geometries a single subarray will provide many more spatial DOF than there are digitized channels. The inherent DOF of the subarrays could be used to …
Multihop Rendezvous Algorithm For Frequency Hopping Cognitive Radio Networks, John A. Pavlik
Multihop Rendezvous Algorithm For Frequency Hopping Cognitive Radio Networks, John A. Pavlik
Theses and Dissertations
Cognitive radios allow the possibility of increasing utilization of the wireless spectrum, but because of their dynamic access nature require new techniques for establishing and joining networks, these are known as rendezvous. Existing rendezvous algorithms assume that rendezvous can be completed in a single round or hop of time. However, cognitive radio networks utilizing frequency hopping that is too fast for synchronization packets to be exchanged in a single hop require a rendezvous algorithm that supports multiple hop rendezvous. We propose the Multiple Hop (MH) rendezvous algorithm based on a pre-shared sequence of random numbers, bounded timing differences, and similar …
Position And Volume Estimation Of Atmospheric Nuclear Detonations From Video Reconstruction, Daniel T. Schmitt
Position And Volume Estimation Of Atmospheric Nuclear Detonations From Video Reconstruction, Daniel T. Schmitt
Theses and Dissertations
Recent work in digitizing films of foundational atmospheric nuclear detonations from the 1950s provides an opportunity to perform deeper analysis on these historical tests. This work leverages multi-view geometry and computer vision techniques to provide an automated means to perform three-dimensional analysis of the blasts for several points in time. The accomplishment of this requires careful alignment of the films in time, detection of features in the images, matching of features, and multi-view reconstruction. Sub-explosion features can be detected with a 67% hit rate and 22% false alarm rate. Hotspot features can be detected with a 71.95% hit rate, 86.03% …
Logistics Simulation For Long Duration Logistics Wargames, Kevin R. Cardenas
Logistics Simulation For Long Duration Logistics Wargames, Kevin R. Cardenas
Theses and Dissertations
Wargames were originally created to test wartime strategies against opposing forces within a short time frame. Due to the short duration design of these wargames, logistics were deemed irrelevant and it was incorrectly assumed that the warfighter would be logistically supported for the entire duration of the wargame. The purpose of this thesis is to provide insight to the value of capturing logistics within a wargame and to better model the increased requirement for Agile Combat Support. This research utilizes a logistics simulation tool and its outputs to conduct statistical analyses comparing a baseline scenario created to mirror the Joint …
United States Air Force Officer Manpower Planning Problem Via Approximate Dynamic Programming, Amelia E. Bradshaw
United States Air Force Officer Manpower Planning Problem Via Approximate Dynamic Programming, Amelia E. Bradshaw
Theses and Dissertations
The United States Air Force (USAF) is concerned with managing its officer corps to ensure sufficient personnel for mission readiness. Manpower planning for the USAF is a complex process which requires making decisions about accessions. Uncertainty about officer retention complicates such decisions. We formulate a Markov decision process model of the Air Force officer manpower planning problem (AFO-MPP) and utilize a least squares approximate policy iteration algorithm as an approximate dynamic programming (ADP) technique to attain solutions. Computational experiments are conducted on two AFO-MPP instances to compare the performance of the policy determined with the ADP algorithm to a benchmark …
Air Force Institute Of Technology Research Report 2015, Office Of Research And Sponsored Programs, Graduate School Of Engineering And Management, Afit
Air Force Institute Of Technology Research Report 2015, Office Of Research And Sponsored Programs, Graduate School Of Engineering And Management, Afit
AFIT Documents
This report summarizes the research activities of the Air Force Institute of Technology’s Graduate School of Engineering and Management. It describes research interests and faculty expertise; lists student theses/dissertations; identifies research sponsors and contributions; and outlines the procedures for contacting the school. Included in the report are: faculty publications, conference presentations, consultations, and funded research projects. Research was conducted in the areas of Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Electro-Optics, Computer Engineering and Computer Science, Systems Engineering and Management, Operational Sciences, Mathematics, Statistics and Engineering Physics.
Efficacy Of Physical Layer Preamble Manipulation For Ieee 802.11a/Ac, Benjamin W. Ramsey, Jonathan D. Fuller, Christopher W. Badenhop
Efficacy Of Physical Layer Preamble Manipulation For Ieee 802.11a/Ac, Benjamin W. Ramsey, Jonathan D. Fuller, Christopher W. Badenhop
Faculty Publications
Wireless physical layer manipulation is a recently discovered technique for selective packet obfuscation. This process exploits the unique and proprietary nature of transceiver designs rather than manufacturing imperfections. To date, preamble manipulation has only successfully been demonstrated on low data rate transceivers operating in the2.4 GHz band. This Letter investigates the effectiveness of preamble manipulation on common 5 GHz IEEE 802.11a and IEEE 802.11ac wireless transceivers for the first time. Herein it is demonstrated that the preamble short training sequence length can be manipulated to discern among the six transceiver designs under test with greater than 99% accuracy using fewer …
Understanding Effects Of Autonomous Agent Timing On Human-Agent Teams Using Iterative Modeling, Simulation And Human-In-The-Loop Experimentation, Tyler J. Goodman
Understanding Effects Of Autonomous Agent Timing On Human-Agent Teams Using Iterative Modeling, Simulation And Human-In-The-Loop Experimentation, Tyler J. Goodman
Theses and Dissertations
Recent U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory strategy documents have suggested the need for research in human-agent teaming. Teaming supports a dynamic shift in roles between the human and the agent, depending upon human performance and mission needs. Further, because the performance of these agents will be highly dependent upon the state of the human and the mission, this strategy suggests the need for increased use of modeling to provide a broader understanding of the automated agent’s behavior. This thesis applies a combination of static modeling in SysML activity diagrams, dynamic modeling of human and agent behavior in IMPRINT, and human …
Forging Tomorrow's Air, Space, And Cyber War Fighters: Recommendations For Integration And Development, Mark Reith
Forging Tomorrow's Air, Space, And Cyber War Fighters: Recommendations For Integration And Development, Mark Reith
Faculty Publications
Today’s Airmen operate in contested environments, and years of technical-data spillage, coupled with policies emphasizing commercial-off-the-shelf acquisition, ensure that the immediate future will remain contested as our adversaries seek to exploit level playing fields. Long gone are the days of Operation Desert Storm and Enduring Freedom when air superiority dominated and the supporting elements of space, communications, and computers were largely out of reach for many nation-states. Since then, technology has become ubiquitously intertwined in weapon systems and today largely turns the gears of warfare, allowing a range of actors to erode national instruments of power.
Application Of Executable Architectures In Early Concept Evaluation, Ryan M. Pospisal
Application Of Executable Architectures In Early Concept Evaluation, Ryan M. Pospisal
Theses and Dissertations
This research explores use of executable architectures to guide design decisions in the early stages of system development. Decisions made early in the system development cycle determine a majority of the total lifecycle costs as well as establish a baseline for long term system performance and thus it is vital to program success to choose favorable design alternatives. The development of a representative architecture followed the Architecture Based Evaluation Process as it provides a logical and systematic order of events to produce an architecture sufficient to document and model operational performance. In order to demonstrate the value in the application …
Effects Of Automation On Aircrew Workload And Situation Awareness In Tactical Airlift Missions, David R. Meyer
Effects Of Automation On Aircrew Workload And Situation Awareness In Tactical Airlift Missions, David R. Meyer
Theses and Dissertations
In tactical aviation, decision superiority brought upon by high situation awareness remains the arbiter of combat effectiveness. The advancement of sophisticated avionics and highly automated cockpits has allowed for the reduction of aircrew size, and in certain platforms, removal of the crew from the aircraft entirely. However, these developments have not reduced the complex and dynamic interaction between situation awareness and crew workload. While many predictive and experimental methods of evaluating workload exist, situation awareness can only be measured by conducting trials with human operators in a functional prototype. This thesis proposes an innovative methodology to predicatively determine situation awareness …
A Noise Delivery System For Multi-Animal Multi-Level Whole Body Ototoxicity Studies, John E. Stubbs, Jeremy M. Slagley, James E. Reboulet
A Noise Delivery System For Multi-Animal Multi-Level Whole Body Ototoxicity Studies, John E. Stubbs, Jeremy M. Slagley, James E. Reboulet
Faculty Publications
The Naval Medical Research Unit Dayton (NAMRU-D) at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, in conjunction with the U.S. Air Force, studied ototoxic effects of JP-8 in rats. NAMRU-D used a multi-chamber whole body exposure facility for up to 96 test animals and 32 control animals at different exposure levels. The objective was to design a noise delivery system that could provide a white noise source one octave band wide, centered at 8 kHz frequency, delivered from outside the exposure chambers. Sound pressure levels were required to be within ±2 dB at all exposure points within each chamber and within ±2 …
Analysis Of Hypersonic Vehicle Wakes, Matthew A. Kania
Analysis Of Hypersonic Vehicle Wakes, Matthew A. Kania
Theses and Dissertations
As advancements are made with ballistic missiles, particularly in the area of hypersonic bodies, there is a growing need to advance the methods of detecting these new ballistic weapons. As a result, the National Air and Space Intelligence Center has asked the Air Force Institute of Technology to examine the wake region behind hypersonic bodies. A thorough understanding of the aerothermal phenomena and the chemical reactions occurring in the wake region will enable an advancement of tracking hypersonic bodies. This research examined the wake region behind a hypersonic body using computational fluid dynamics.
This study used Pointwise® to develop a …
Modeling Radiation Effectiveness For Inactivation Of Bacillus Spores, Emily A. Knight
Modeling Radiation Effectiveness For Inactivation Of Bacillus Spores, Emily A. Knight
Theses and Dissertations
This research models and analyzes the inactivation of Bacillus spores following a radiation exposure and the process enacted by the Bacillus spore to repair the resulting damage. Irradiation of a spore and the medium surrounding the spore induces chemical reactions that produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). This research will consider the reaction- diffusion of these ROS throughout the spore. These ROS can react with the spore's DNA and enzymes to degrade them to such an extent that the DNA cannot be repaired or replicated, thus causing spore death. In order to survive a dose of radiation, a spore must repair …
Adaptive Automation Design And Implementation, Jason M. Bindewald
Adaptive Automation Design And Implementation, Jason M. Bindewald
Theses and Dissertations
Automations allow us to reduce the need for humans in certain environments, such as auto-pilot features on unmanned aerial vehicles. However, some situations still require human intervention. Adaptive automation is a research field that enables computer systems to adjust the amount of automation by taking over tasks from or giving tasks back to the user. This research develops processes and insights for adaptive automation designers to take theoretical adaptive automation ideas and develop them into real-world adaptive automation system. These allow developers to design better automation systems that recognize the limits of computers systems, enabling better designs for systems in …
Modeling Network Interdiction Tasks, Benjamin S. Kallemyn
Modeling Network Interdiction Tasks, Benjamin S. Kallemyn
Theses and Dissertations
Mission planners seek to target nodes and/or arcs in networks that have the greatest benefit for an operational plan. In joint interdiction doctrine, a top priority is to assess and target the enemy's vulnerabilities resulting in a significant effect on its forces. An interdiction task is an event that targets the nodes and/or arcs of a network resulting in its capabilities being destroyed, diverted, disrupted, or delayed. Lessons learned from studying network interdiction model outcomes help to inform attack and/or defense strategies. A suite of network interdiction models and measures is developed to assist decision makers in identifying critical nodes …
Exploitation Of Unintentional Ethernet Cable Emissions Using Constellation Based-Distinct Native Attribute (Cb-Dna) Fingerprints To Enhance Network Security, Timothy J. Carbino
Exploitation Of Unintentional Ethernet Cable Emissions Using Constellation Based-Distinct Native Attribute (Cb-Dna) Fingerprints To Enhance Network Security, Timothy J. Carbino
Theses and Dissertations
This research contributed to the AFIT's Radio Frequency Intelligence (RFINT) program by developing a new device discrimination technique called Constellation-Based Distinct Native Attribute (CB-DNA) Fingerprinting. This is of great interest to the Air Force Research Lab (AFRL), Sensor Directorate, who supported the research and now have new method for improving network security. CB-DNA fingerprints are used to authenticate wired network device identities, thwart unauthorized access, and augment traditional bit-level security measures that area easily bypassed by skilled hackers. Similar to human fingerprint features that uniquely identify individuals, CB-DNA uniquely identifies communication devices and improves the rate at which unauthorized rogue …
On Pecuniary Resiliency, Early Warning, And Market Imitation Under Unrestricted Warfare, David M. Smalenberger
On Pecuniary Resiliency, Early Warning, And Market Imitation Under Unrestricted Warfare, David M. Smalenberger
Theses and Dissertations
This study extends established financial market approaches to account for key econophysical attributes, low probability/high impact events, and a market's potential use as early warning for threats. Any disparity between established financial practices and true market conditions may provide incentive for exploitation and may harm national security objectives and interests through cascading effects. These national security concerns may include, in particular, the health of a reserve currency for those countries whose currency serves as one. This is a preferred approach with Unrestricted Warfare-type operations as these techniques may not enable repudiation of the antagonist. Since this approach may remain a …
Multidimensional Analysis Of Nuclear Detonations, Robert C. Slaughter
Multidimensional Analysis Of Nuclear Detonations, Robert C. Slaughter
Theses and Dissertations
The focus of this research is to develop the methods for 3-dimensional reconstructions and temperature distributions of early time nuclear fireballs. Initial developments have resulted in the first 2-dimensional temperature distribution of a nuclear fireball using digitized film. This same process was then extended to perform the first limb darkening calculations of nuclear fireballs. Limb darkening coefficients were then used to derive a temperature profile of the nuclear fireball as a function of optical path length. A 3-dimensional reconstruction was performed using a variation of a structure from illuminance technique in combination with limb darkening coefficients to produce structure using …
A System Dynamics Approach To The Efficacy Of Oxime Therapy In Sub Lethal Exposure To Sarin Gas, Daniel J. Droste
A System Dynamics Approach To The Efficacy Of Oxime Therapy In Sub Lethal Exposure To Sarin Gas, Daniel J. Droste
Theses and Dissertations
The 2010 National Security Strategy states, The effective dissemination of a lethal agent would endanger the lives of thousands of people and have unprecedented economic, societal, and political consequences. We must continue to work at home with first responders and health officials to reduce the risk associated with high-consequence threats . Nerve agents, such as Sarin gas, are considered high consequence threats. The threat of use of agents such as Sarin is as much a threat today as any other time in our history. However, the suggested treatment protocol is not as precise as it could be. Debate exists over …
Analysis Of The Effectiveness Of The F-15e Risk Management During Peacetime Operations, Elliot B. Vasquez
Analysis Of The Effectiveness Of The F-15e Risk Management During Peacetime Operations, Elliot B. Vasquez
Theses and Dissertations
Human factors are causal or contributory in 80% of Class A mishaps in the Air Force. Risk management tools are used throughout the service in every aircraft to help mitigate the risk of those human factors occurring. The F-15E Strike Eagle community was selected for analysis on the effectiveness of its risk management program but the data was comprised on Class A mishaps from Accident Investigation Boards since 2000 between the F-15 (all models), F-16 (all models), and F-22. Cases were selected if there were human factors root causes or contributory. A fault tree analysis coupled with the Department of …
Using Imprint To Guide Experimental Design With Simulated Task Environments, Gregory W. Dye
Using Imprint To Guide Experimental Design With Simulated Task Environments, Gregory W. Dye
Theses and Dissertations
Experimental Designs involving Simulated Task Environments aim to explore interesting conditions with human subjects. By using activity simulators such as IMPRINT, it may be possible to identify these conditions of interest without the need for human subjects. This thesis presents research that aims to demonstrate that IMPRINT can be used to predict human performance in a task environment representing the task performed by Network Analysts of the 33rd Network Warfare Squadron. The research is done by examining the task performed by the Network Analysts, and then designing a Simulated Task Environment modeled on this task. A model of the task …
Simulation Of Metal Particulates In High Energetic Materials, Eduardo Nieto
Simulation Of Metal Particulates In High Energetic Materials, Eduardo Nieto
Theses and Dissertations
This research focused on analyzing the effects of aluminum in high explosives such as PBX9501 using the MPEXS computational simulation code for a wide range of metalized explosive cases. The varying parameters are aluminum particle diameter and mass fraction of aluminum. The addition of metal particulates in explosive mixtures increases the density of the shock wave, causing a higher pressure in the shock. It was concluded that pressure and density steadily increases as the Al particle diameter increases, and pressure and density decreases when Al mass fraction increases. The concentrated pressures will dissipate quickly due to the high density, providing …
Air Force Institute Of Technology Research Report 2014, Office Of Research And Sponsored Programs, Graduate School Of Engineering And Management, Afit
Air Force Institute Of Technology Research Report 2014, Office Of Research And Sponsored Programs, Graduate School Of Engineering And Management, Afit
AFIT Documents
This report summarizes the research activities of the Air Force Institute of Technology’s Graduate School of Engineering and Management. It describes research interests and faculty expertise; lists student theses/dissertations; identifies research sponsors and contributions; and outlines the procedures for contacting the school. Included in the report are: faculty publications, conference presentations, consultations, and funded research projects. Research was conducted in the areas of Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Electro-Optics, Computer Engineering and Computer Science, Systems Engineering and Management, Operational Sciences, Mathematics, Statistics and Engineering Physics.