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Air Force Institute of Technology

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A Longitudinal Study Of The Effects Of Organizational Change To Integrated Product Teams (Ipts) On Employee Attitudes, Joseph A. Paul, Roger D. Stull Sep 1993

A Longitudinal Study Of The Effects Of Organizational Change To Integrated Product Teams (Ipts) On Employee Attitudes, Joseph A. Paul, Roger D. Stull

Theses and Dissertations

This study examines what effect an organizational change to Integrated Product Teams (IPTs) within a System Program Office (SPO) has on employ attitudes. Chapter One of this study presents the general research problem/issue, pertinent background information, definitions of important terms, investigative questions, limitations of the research, and a general overview of the thesis. Chapter Two describes the IPT (matrix) organizational environment, presents literature establishing the relationship between individual attitudes, motivation, performance, and explores the relationship between IPTs and employee attitudes. Chapter Three presents the methodology used to analyze the SPO's survey data collected before and after implementation of IPTs. Finally, …


A Study Of Theoretical Models For Managing Technology Change And A Comparison To A Radio Frequency Identification Implementation, Mark S. Reboulet, Phillip L. Robinson Sep 1993

A Study Of Theoretical Models For Managing Technology Change And A Comparison To A Radio Frequency Identification Implementation, Mark S. Reboulet, Phillip L. Robinson

Theses and Dissertations

This research developed an aggregate model for technological implementation in organizations. The aggregate model drew information from various theoretical models and aggregated those elements that were common to several of the models. Those elements included: information availability, anticipated profitability, probability of success, user attitudes, political attitudes, external pressure, teamwork, strategic planning, resource availability, and training. Individuals involved at various organizational levels of a Radio Frequency Identification implementation were interviewed to see if the aggregate model could be useful to managers. The researchers found evidence that each of the elements of the aggregate model could be beneficial to managers considering implementing …


The Future Sbss: Migration Of Sbss Functions From A Mainframe Environment To A Disturbed Pc-Based Lan Environment, William D. Rath, Scott A. Vesper Sep 1993

The Future Sbss: Migration Of Sbss Functions From A Mainframe Environment To A Disturbed Pc-Based Lan Environment, William D. Rath, Scott A. Vesper

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this thesis was to determine the technical feasibility of a PC-based Standard Base Supply System (SBSS). The SBSS is currently run in a mainframe environment; however, the current hardware contract will be reviewed in 1997. At that time, a decision as to what hardware implementation best serves Base Supply needs must be made. This document evaluates various possible PC- based SBSS Local Area Network (LAN) architectures, as well as provides an initial direction for implementation. The current mainframe-based Regional SBSS implementation serves multiple bases via long haul networks and may not effectively satisfy Air Force/base level requirements. …


A Study Of Usn Aircrew Attitudes Regarding Technology's Ability To Replace The Naval Flight Officer On Typical Combat Missions Carrier Based Aircraft Are Tasked To Perform, Robert E. Britt, William J. Cain Sep 1993

A Study Of Usn Aircrew Attitudes Regarding Technology's Ability To Replace The Naval Flight Officer On Typical Combat Missions Carrier Based Aircraft Are Tasked To Perform, Robert E. Britt, William J. Cain

Theses and Dissertations

This study analyzed survey responses of 290 Navy pilots and Naval flight officers (NFOs) regarding their perceptions of technology's ability to replace the NFO in typical combat missions carrier-based aircraft are tasked to perform. The study is a follow-on to a similar USAF effort conducted with pilots. The objective of this study is to provide operator input to the critical crew complement issue. These missions vary significantly in complexity and in demands placed on the aircrew. The survey instrument and analysis methods were designed to detect and evaluate these differences. The USAF study concluded that-the perception of a requirement for …


A Comparison Of The Disaster™ Scheduling Software With A Simultaneous Scheduling Algorithm For Minimizing Maximum Tardiness In Job Shops, Barak J. Carlson, Christopher A. Lettiere Sep 1993

A Comparison Of The Disaster™ Scheduling Software With A Simultaneous Scheduling Algorithm For Minimizing Maximum Tardiness In Job Shops, Barak J. Carlson, Christopher A. Lettiere

Theses and Dissertations

The Theory of Constraints (TOC) is the foundation for a computerized scheduling system called DISASTER. Although this system has proven successful in many manufacturing settings, it has potential limitations due to the sequential heuristic process by which it schedules constraints. The objective of this thesis was to determine the extent to which these limitations impact the due date performance of schedules created by DISASTER. This objective was addressed by developing an algorithm to simultaneously schedule multiple constraints in a job shop environment and provide the optimal schedule for minimized maximum tardiness. This algorithm was used to obtain solutions for a …


An Analysis Of The Effectiveness Of The Air Force Drug Testing Program And Four Potential Modifications, Thomas R. Doster, Hubert A. Ross Sep 1993

An Analysis Of The Effectiveness Of The Air Force Drug Testing Program And Four Potential Modifications, Thomas R. Doster, Hubert A. Ross

Theses and Dissertations

This study evaluated the 1992 USAF Drug Testing Program and potential improvements, based on the number of drug users detected, cost, and legal issues. Four potential improvements were examined: (1) increasing the annual amount of random urinalysis; (2) increasing the proportion of commander-directed testing; (3) using a weighted selection technique, and (4) replacing urinalysis with hair testing. For each improvement, the researchers used test and survey results to estimate the number of drug users detected, a cost formula to estimate any changes in cost, and interviews with legal experts to identify any legal issues associated with implementing the modification. Researchers …


Contracting For Schedule Performance: The Relationship Between Pre- Contract-Award Management Actions By The Dod And The Resultant Schedule Performance, Richard G. Hazeldean, John R. Topfer Sep 1993

Contracting For Schedule Performance: The Relationship Between Pre- Contract-Award Management Actions By The Dod And The Resultant Schedule Performance, Richard G. Hazeldean, John R. Topfer

Theses and Dissertations

This research focused on the pre-contract-award management actions of small-scale, design and development contracts and the relationship of these actions to schedule performance. Three phases of the contractual process were studied: the planning, specifying, and controlling phases. A sample of 25 contracts from SPOs at Wright-Patterson AFB was obtained. Data on the variables were obtained directly from the contract files and from the contract-management database, AMIS. Regression analysis techniques were used to identify the pre- contract-award management actions that were related to schedule performance. The number of contract modifications was found to be the most significant factor related to schedule …


Benchmark Production Scheduling Problems For Job Shops With Interactive Constraints, Stewart W. James, Bruno A. Mediate Jr. Sep 1993

Benchmark Production Scheduling Problems For Job Shops With Interactive Constraints, Stewart W. James, Bruno A. Mediate Jr.

Theses and Dissertations

United States Air Force (USAF) depots have expressed interest in utilizing DISASTER production scheduling software to schedule their maintenance operations. DISASTER attempts to increase system throughput by building effective schedules for system, constraint resources. However, when a system contains multiple, interactive constraints, DISASTER builds the constraint schedules one at a time. Since each successive schedule must adhere to timing restrictions imposed by previous constraint schedules, the quality of the schedules produced by DISASTER is dependent upon the sequence in which the constraints are scheduled. This thesis first developed a set of benchmark problems which provide a diversity of scheduling scenarios. …


An Investigation Of Integrated Product Development Implementation Issues: A Case Study Of Bosma Machine And Tool Corp, F. Paul Khuri, Howard M. Plevyak Jr. Sep 1993

An Investigation Of Integrated Product Development Implementation Issues: A Case Study Of Bosma Machine And Tool Corp, F. Paul Khuri, Howard M. Plevyak Jr.

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis investigated Integrated Product Development (IPD) implementation issues. Research emphasis focused on teams used in IPD, particularly self-directed work teams (SDWTs). The areas addressed in the study were: Work Environment, Team Organization, Training and Education, Group Dynamics and Communication, Motivation, Rewards and Incentives, Measurements, and Contracts. Data was collected using interviews and presented as a case study. The most significant findings on work environment were that the organization's leadership should commit to the teaming idea and sell it to the organization's members. Teams should be organized by choosing members carefully and defining all roles. Personnel should be trained in …


An Independent Evaluation Of Information Systems Support Of The Joint Forces Air Component Commander Concept Of Operations, Gregory R. Kincaid, Richard A. Poligala Sep 1993

An Independent Evaluation Of Information Systems Support Of The Joint Forces Air Component Commander Concept Of Operations, Gregory R. Kincaid, Richard A. Poligala

Theses and Dissertations

This study examines automated Air Tasking Order (ATO) generation and dissemination under the Joint Forces Air Component Commander (JFACC) concept, focusing on an evaluation of information systems support given the differing service philosophies concerning control of tactical air assets. Current Department of Defense doctrine identifies the Contingency Tactical Air Control System Automated System (CTAPS) as the standard automated system for Theater Battle Management planning for the JFACC. To achieve service interoperability, the doctrine requires the use of CTAPS for ATO generation and dissemination when joint operations are conducted under the JFACC concept. A problem arises in that CTAPS is developed …


Implementation Of The Defense Business Operations Fund (Dbof) Policies And Unit Costing In The Air Force Institute Of Technology (Afit), Charles W. Leonard, Rafeal Martinez Sep 1993

Implementation Of The Defense Business Operations Fund (Dbof) Policies And Unit Costing In The Air Force Institute Of Technology (Afit), Charles W. Leonard, Rafeal Martinez

Theses and Dissertations

This study examined the potential effects of the Defense Business Operations Fund (DBOF) policies on the graduate degree programs at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT). The study examined the Defense Management Review document that provides the implementation and guidance information for DBOF, and Unit Cost. DBOF requires that organizations provide unit cost per output figures as the basis for organizational funding. Unit cost resourcing is expected to change the way federal managers control resources, and is intended to promote quality management practices. In order to achieve the research objective, the researchers surveyed the opinions of HQ AFMC's Graduate …


Scheduling A Medium-Sized Manufacturing Shop: A Simulation Study, Daniel J. Mcfeely Sep 1993

Scheduling A Medium-Sized Manufacturing Shop: A Simulation Study, Daniel J. Mcfeely

Theses and Dissertations

This study examined the application of simple-to-use, low cost scheduling methods to the operating environment of a medium-sized manufacturing shop. Computer simulation was used to evaluate eighteen different scheduling algorithms, each the result of the combination of a loading and a sequencing rule; due date setting was not considered since due dates are exogenously set. The loading rules investigated were Minimum Machine Required, Lowest Average WIP, and Lowest Average Aggregate Priority Level. The sequencing rules investigated were Priority, EDD, FIS, SPT, Slack, and Slack Ratio. The scheduling algorithms were evaluated against performance measures of mean tardiness, mean flowtime, mean percentage …


An Analysis Of The Performance-Risk Trade-Off In Source Selection Decision Making, Richard G. Pierce, Jeffrey E. Wainwright Sep 1993

An Analysis Of The Performance-Risk Trade-Off In Source Selection Decision Making, Richard G. Pierce, Jeffrey E. Wainwright

Theses and Dissertations

Each year the Air Force awards weapon system contracts worth billions of dollars using the source selection process. In the source selection, performance and risk assessments are evaluated to determine the best proposal; the proposal that gives the best overall value. The purpose of this research was to investigate the performance/risk trade-off in the source selection decision making process. The study also examined the effect individual risk propensities and the nature of item being evaluated have on the performance/risk trade-off decisions. Air Force acquisition personnel stationed at Aeronautical Systems Center, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, who had participated in a source selection …


An Investigation Of Integrated Product Development Teams Of The F-22 Program, Gary F. Wagner, Randall L. White Sep 1993

An Investigation Of Integrated Product Development Teams Of The F-22 Program, Gary F. Wagner, Randall L. White

Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated Integrated Product Development (IPD) at the F-22 System Program Office (SPO). A literature review revealed the key IPD characteristics of organizational structure, communication, intense up-front planning, training, integrated management tools, and lessons learned. The research method was twenty-two personal interviews of SPO subjects selected from four IPD teams, the front office, and functional support divisions. Key findings included an emphasis on up-front planning to establish an organizational and contractual structure which empowered workers to develop their products. Also, constant communication with all other functions and teams was stressed while training was primarily done while transitioning to IPD. …


Analysis Of Cost And Schedule Growth On Sole Source And Competitive Air Force Contracts, Klaes W. Wandland, Gary P. Wickman Sep 1993

Analysis Of Cost And Schedule Growth On Sole Source And Competitive Air Force Contracts, Klaes W. Wandland, Gary P. Wickman

Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated if differences exist in the cost and schedule growth of competed versus sole source contracts. Prior studies concentrated mainly on estimated savings from competition at the time of contract award. This study expanded prior analysis by investigating the cost and schedule growth over the contract's period of performance. In addition to an analysis between competed and sole source contracts, this study investigated if differences exist between lower and higher risk contracts as well as lower and higher initial priced contracts. When comparing competed and sole source contracts the results were consistent, with sole source contracts exhibiting an …


System Acquisition Management: Exploring The Relationship Between Program And Contract Management Personnel At Air Force Product Centers, Robert A. Bruce, Aron R. Krischel Sep 1993

System Acquisition Management: Exploring The Relationship Between Program And Contract Management Personnel At Air Force Product Centers, Robert A. Bruce, Aron R. Krischel

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to test if relationship problems exist between program and contract management personnel working in system-level acquisition throughout Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC). We used a survey instrument to examine a representative sample of program and contract management personnel assigned to various product centers. A similar study was conducted at Aeronautical Systems Division in 1991. However, the survey instrument was inadequate for deriving certain results. Consequently, we improved upon he prior survey and obtained more definite findings. Survey results showed that most program and contract managers believe conflict exists, Also, six of the twelve independent …


An Analysis Of Estimate At Completion Models Utilizing The Defense Acquisition Executive Summary Database, Mark F. Terry, Mary M. Vanderburgh Sep 1993

An Analysis Of Estimate At Completion Models Utilizing The Defense Acquisition Executive Summary Database, Mark F. Terry, Mary M. Vanderburgh

Theses and Dissertations

This study explores the widely held assertion that DOD contract Cost at Completion is bounded below by the Cost Performance Index-based Estimate at Completion (EAC) and above by the Schedule Cost Index-based EAC. Descriptive statistics determined the floor and ceiling for 321 DOD contracts. The results confirmed that the Cost Performance Index-based EAC is a reasonable floor and the Schedule Cost Index-based EAC is a reasonable ceiling for EAC formulas. For the contracts considered overall, on average, the Cost at Completion was not bounded by the floor and ceiling. The range of EAC formulas evaluated tended to slightly underestimate, the …


An Exploratory Survey Of Methods Used To Develop Measures Of Performance, Kenneth L. Hamner, Charles A. Lafleur Sep 1993

An Exploratory Survey Of Methods Used To Develop Measures Of Performance, Kenneth L. Hamner, Charles A. Lafleur

Theses and Dissertations

Nonmanufacturing organizations are being challenged to provide high- quality products and services to their customers, with an emphasis on continuous process improvement. Measures of performance, referred to as metrics, can be used to foster process improvement. The application of performance measurement to nonmanufacturing processes can be very difficult. This research explored methods used to develop metrics in nonmanufacturing Organizations. Several methods were formally defined in the literature, and the researchers used a two- step screening process to determine the OMB Generic Method was most likely to produce high-quality metrics. The OMB Generic Method was then used to develop metrics. A …


Excited Atomic Bromine Energy Transfer And Quenching Mechanisms, Ray O. Johnson Aug 1993

Excited Atomic Bromine Energy Transfer And Quenching Mechanisms, Ray O. Johnson

Theses and Dissertations

Pulsed and steady-state photolysis experiments have been conducted to determine the rate coefficients for collisional deactivation of the spin-orbit excited state of atomic bromine, Br(2p1/2). Pulsed lifetime studies for quenching by Br2 and CO2, established absolute rate coefficients at room temperature of kBr2 = 1.2 ± 0.1 x 10-12 and kCO2 = 1.5 ± 0.2 x 10-11 cm3/molecule-s. Steady-state photolysis methods were used to determine the quenching rates for the rare gases, N2, 02, H2, D2, NO, …


Economic Analysis Of Costs Incurred From Chemical Exposures In The Workplace Resulting In Non-Carcinogenic Responses As Additional Justification For Pollution Prevention Projects, Michael L. Forcht, Timothy D. Neu Aug 1993

Economic Analysis Of Costs Incurred From Chemical Exposures In The Workplace Resulting In Non-Carcinogenic Responses As Additional Justification For Pollution Prevention Projects, Michael L. Forcht, Timothy D. Neu

Theses and Dissertations

This research determines the applicability of using costs associated with chemical exposures in the workplace for financial justification of pollution prevention projects. Specifically, this thesis looks at costs incurred due to noncarcinogenic effects caused by chemical exposures. Average costs are determined through researching applicable statistical cost data. Acute effects are analyzed using an analysis of available statistical accident data from multiple sources. Expected values are then calculated based upon the projected cost of an accident and the probability of having an accident. Chronic effects are analyzed using an empirical analysis. A risk assessment is used to determine the likelihood of …


Application Of Sequence Comparison Methods To Multisensor Data Fusion And Target Recognition, Edmund W. Libby Jul 1993

Application Of Sequence Comparison Methods To Multisensor Data Fusion And Target Recognition, Edmund W. Libby

Theses and Dissertations

This research addresses methods for exploiting the joint likelihood of observed kinematic and nonkinematic (sensor signature) physical events to improve dynamic object and target recognition. A principal direction is the application of dynamic programming sequence comparison techniques to condition matching of object signatures to known models according to observed kinematics. A second direction is the application of kinematic/aspect-angle Kalman filter trackers to condition kinematic tracking according to observed signatures. These conditioning processes dramatically reduce ambiguity in object recognition, and can be used together or separately to allow computation of a posterior probabilities of object class membership using Bayesian methods. Proposals …


Comparison Of A Distributed Kalman Filter Versus A Centralized Kalman Filter With Fault Detection Considerations, Paul J. Lawrence Jr. Jul 1993

Comparison Of A Distributed Kalman Filter Versus A Centralized Kalman Filter With Fault Detection Considerations, Paul J. Lawrence Jr.

Theses and Dissertations

This project examined the results obtained by simulating an aircraft navigation system with a partial complement of a typical avionics sensor array. Two different techniques of estimation processes were utilized and compared: the conventional Kalman and the federated filter architectures. Areas of interest include error state estimation accuracy and overall performance, residual behavior under normal and induced sensor failure conditions, and potential for failure detection and isolation. Several simulations were accomplished for each filter design and the results were compared in order to verify the validity of the newly developed federated filter architecture. Comparison of the error state estimation accuracies …


A Decision Criteria To Select An Associative-Memory Organization That Minimizes The Execution Time Of A Mix Of Associative-Search Operations, David W. Banton Jun 1993

A Decision Criteria To Select An Associative-Memory Organization That Minimizes The Execution Time Of A Mix Of Associative-Search Operations, David W. Banton

Theses and Dissertations

The dissertation develops a decision criteria to select an associative-memory organization that minimizes the execution time of a mix of associative-search operations and a decision criteria to estimate the layout dimensions of each organization for a specified memory size. The dissertation reclassifies Feng's associative-search operations into three hardware-influenced categories: bit-position independent (BPI), record-content independent (RCI); bit-position dependent (BPD), RCI; and BPD, record-content dependent (RCD). It develops a relationship between the categories and three associative-memory organizations: the CAM, the bit-serial word-parallel associative memory (BSWPAM) , and the extreme-search associative memory (ESAM). A version of the CAM, three versions of the BSWPAM, …


Radome Depolarization Effects On Monopulse Receiver Tracking Performance, Michael A. Temple Jun 1993

Radome Depolarization Effects On Monopulse Receiver Tracking Performance, Michael A. Temple

Theses and Dissertations

Boresight Error (BSE), defined as the angular deviation between the true position and the apparent position of a target as indicated by a radar, is an important figure of merit for a tracking radar. A significant contributor to system BSE is the protective radome. This research effort employed a GO technique to investigate the effects of a radome on BSE, expanding previous ray- trace receive techniques to include: (1) a uniquely defined/developed mathematical description for each surface within arbitrary multi-layer tapered radomes, (2) an 'ideal' taper function concept for obtaining optimum BSE prediction performance, (3) a generalized technique for calculating …


Phased Array Antenna Analysis Using Hybrid Finite Element Methods, Daniel T. Mcgrath Jun 1993

Phased Array Antenna Analysis Using Hybrid Finite Element Methods, Daniel T. Mcgrath

Theses and Dissertations

This research in computational electromagnetics developed a new method for predicting the near-field mutual coupling effects in phased array antennas, using the finite element method (FEM) in combination with integral equations. Accurate feed modeling is accomplished by enforcing continuity between the FEM solution and an arbitrary number of wave guide models across a ground plane aperture. A periodic integral equation is imposed above the antenna's physical structure in order to enforce the radiation condition and to confine the analysis to an array unit cell. The electric field is expanded in terms of vector finite elements, and Galerkin's method is used …


Linear Characteristic Spatial Quadrature For Discrete Ordinates Neutral Particle Transport On Arbitrary Triangles, Dennis J. Miller Jun 1993

Linear Characteristic Spatial Quadrature For Discrete Ordinates Neutral Particle Transport On Arbitrary Triangles, Dennis J. Miller

Theses and Dissertations

A new discrete ordinates spatial quadrature for arbitrary triangular cells is derived and compared to its rectangular cell linear characteristic counterpart. The triangular mesh is more flexible, allowing curved surfaces and off-axis angles to be approximated with many fewer spatial cells. The triangle method is consistently more accurate on example problems tested here. Arbitrary orientation and size of the triangles allow non-patterned meshes to be developed which appears to ameliorate numerical diffusion. The triangle linear characteristic quadrature converges at nearly the same rate as rectangular Linear characteristic on Lathrop's problem. Mesh sensitivity measurements show large variations in triangle vertex locations …


Experimental And Analytical Analysis Of The Response Of A Smart Beam To Rate Feedback, Terance J. Hoffman Jun 1993

Experimental And Analytical Analysis Of The Response Of A Smart Beam To Rate Feedback, Terance J. Hoffman

Theses and Dissertations

A smart beam with embedded sensors and actuators was analyzed and tested. The smart beam studied was constructed from graphite and epoxy with piezoceramic actuators and NiTiNOL sensors embedded. It was mounted vertically and subjected to transverse dynamic loading at the free end. Analytic expressions for the open loop and closed loop response (using strain rate feedback control) of the beam (including internal damping) to external forcing were derived in detail. Experimental testing of the beam verified the accuracy of the predicted open loop response.


A Comparison Of Computational And Experimental Data For A Subscale High Speed Propulsive Nozzle At Low Mach Numbers, Yonghee Hyun Jun 1993

A Comparison Of Computational And Experimental Data For A Subscale High Speed Propulsive Nozzle At Low Mach Numbers, Yonghee Hyun

Theses and Dissertations

This computational study of a hypersonic sub-scale nozzle/cowl configuration compares numerical solutions with experimental data for nozzle performance at off design conditions (subsonic through supersonic Mach numbers. A combination of Van Leer and Roe flux-splitting algorithms was used to solve the flow field. The explicit formulation assumed laminar planar flow and the perfect gas equation of state. A validation for the numerical algorithm was accomplished by comparing with experimental data for a variety of cases. Grid refinement, geometry, and operating conditions all influenced the comparison of the experimental and computational data. Generally, as the Mach number and nozzle pressure ratio …


Experimental Investigation Of The Effects Of Blowing Ratio Parameter On Heat Transfer To A Film-Cooled Flat Plate, Marco R. Valencia Jun 1993

Experimental Investigation Of The Effects Of Blowing Ratio Parameter On Heat Transfer To A Film-Cooled Flat Plate, Marco R. Valencia

Theses and Dissertations

The effects of blowing ratio on film cooling effectiveness were investigated. Two round-nosed test plates were used. One made of aluminum and the second of corian (low thermal conductivity). Injection at 35 degrees in the downstream direction was studied. Helium was mixed with air to produce a density ratio (coolant to mainstream) of 1.6 and 2.0, while the blowing ratio varied from 0.3 to 2.2. Surface temperature was measured by thin film gages located up to a nondimensional downstream distance X/D of 30. Two injection regimes, weak and strong, were found. In the weak regime, film cooling reduced gage heat …


Anns An X Window Based Version Of The Afit Neural Network Simulator, Ching-Seh Wu Jun 1993

Anns An X Window Based Version Of The Afit Neural Network Simulator, Ching-Seh Wu

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis presents an X Window based neural network simulation environment developed at Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) using the techniques of modern software engineering. This artificial neural network simulator is a tool running on Sun SPARCstations and supporting two user modes: end-users and client-programmers. End-users interact with neural network paradigms developed by client-programmers for the purpose of studying and analyzing the execution of a particular Neural Network (NN) paradigm, or class of NN algorithms. Client programmers maintain the system and use this environment for the development of new NN paradigms or algorithms for end-users. The development follows a …