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Articles 211 - 240 of 8786
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Heterogeneous Boid Swarm Performance Under Environmental And Neighbor Communication Link Variability, Jonathan C. Oxborrow
Heterogeneous Boid Swarm Performance Under Environmental And Neighbor Communication Link Variability, Jonathan C. Oxborrow
Theses and Dissertations
Artificial swarms are of growing interest in numerous fields and use cases. As their utilization increases drones and robots with different capabilities will be required to coordinate for task completion thus creating heterogeneous swarms. Swarm individuals generally communicate with all neighbors inside their sensor range generating a significant amount of message traffic. Previous research of a heterogeneous group in a non-physical environment has shown that restricting communication to only one neighbor of each different capability maintained performance. This work applies that finding to a heterogeneous boid swarm with the addition of varied environmental conditions. The swarm is comprised of three …
Misalignment Uncertainty In Near-Field Thz Scattering Experiments, Philip Patterson
Misalignment Uncertainty In Near-Field Thz Scattering Experiments, Philip Patterson
Theses and Dissertations
This research investigates the effect of misalignment on the near-field scattering of cylinders in the 550-700 GHz frequency band. A Type-1 calibration is performed on previously collected data, using a near-field physical optics solution to simulate scattering at various positions and orientations. The alignment of the cylinders at the time of measurement is predicted by comparing the range profiles of the theoretical and calibrated responses. The data with the most similar range profiles had a mean calibration difference metric of -2.78 dB and a standard deviation of -0.57 dB, demonstrating the presence of sources of error that are dominant over …
Palindrome: A Bi-Directional Multi-Object Detection Framework For Relative Navigation And Autonomous Docking, Liam A. Weinfurtner
Palindrome: A Bi-Directional Multi-Object Detection Framework For Relative Navigation And Autonomous Docking, Liam A. Weinfurtner
Theses and Dissertations
This work introduces a bi-directional, multi-object detection framework that integrates pose estimates from both receiver- and tanker-mounted cameras to improve accuracy and redundancy. A modular YOLO-based detection pipeline is trained using synthetic and real imagery, leveraging a bootstrap transfer learning approach to enhance sim-to-real performance. System evaluation in both virtual and real-world environments demonstrates improved detection robustness, pose estimation accuracy, and scalability. These advancements contribute to the development of AI-driven vision systems for AAR and other autonomous docking applications.
Improvement Of Microcracking And Mechanical Properties Of Tungsten Fabricated Via Laser Powder Bed Fusion Through Alloying With Reactive Secondary Constituents, William S. Mockel
Improvement Of Microcracking And Mechanical Properties Of Tungsten Fabricated Via Laser Powder Bed Fusion Through Alloying With Reactive Secondary Constituents, William S. Mockel
Theses and Dissertations
Tungsten (W), a Group VI transition metal, possesses a number of advantageous properties, most notably its impressive mechanical performance at extreme temperatures. While tungsten's nature render traditional manufacturing methods difficult, additive manufacturing through laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) presents a promising avenue for fabricating tungsten components. However, the material’s high ductile-to-brittle transition temperature combined with the embrittling effect of impurities mean that the residual stresses imparted by LPBF result in microcracking in tungsten, degrading its usefulness. This study sought to improve the characteristics of LPBF-W through the removal of embrittling oxygen content via alloying with low concentrations of reactive elements, …
Mechanical Response Of Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Gyroid Structures Under Combined Loading, Jay B. Patel
Mechanical Response Of Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Gyroid Structures Under Combined Loading, Jay B. Patel
Theses and Dissertations
This work explored combined tensile and torsional loads applied to additively manufactured Inconel 718 specimens employing Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) structures. The gyroid TPMS unit cell was selected with two variations of cylindrical cell maps, a rectangular cell map, and a spherical cell map. All four variants were tested in an axial-torsion test frame at room temperature using equal parts of vertical and angular displacement control until failure. The combined loading in these tests utilized tension and torsion. The data from the tests were compared to finite element analysis (FEA) models to visualize when yielding was predicted. Finally, the …
An Analytical Approach In Solving A Two-On-One Pursuit Evasion Differential Game With Fast Evader And No-Point Capture, Nathan T. Morrow
An Analytical Approach In Solving A Two-On-One Pursuit Evasion Differential Game With Fast Evader And No-Point Capture, Nathan T. Morrow
Theses and Dissertations
This paper is concerned with a co-planar pursuit-evasion scenario where two Pursuers (P) are after an Evader (E). The players are holonomic/can turn on a dime and their speeds, VP and VE, are constant, but the evader is faster than the pursuers, that is, the speed ratio parameter μ = VE/VP > 1. The Pursuers are endowed with a circular capture disc whose radius l > 0. A differential game (DG) with three states and one parameter is addressed through geometric and analytical methods where a partial solution is outlined and visualized. The game is split …
Analyzing Lf/Vlf Lightning Waveforms To Estimate D-Region Electron Density Profiles: Process, Application, And Comparison, William R. Smith
Analyzing Lf/Vlf Lightning Waveforms To Estimate D-Region Electron Density Profiles: Process, Application, And Comparison, William R. Smith
Theses and Dissertations
Lightning waveforms in the low frequency (LF; 30-300 kHz) and the very low frequency (VLF; 3-30 kHz) can be exploited to produce data-driven ionospheric Dregion electron density profile (EDP) estimates with significantly higher spatial and temporal coverage than previously available. The lightning waveforms used in this paper are signals detected in the LF/VLF of negative cloud-to-ground lightning by the Earth Networks Total Lightning Detection Network. Each waveform contains a ground wave and a time-delayed ionospheric reflection. The time delay between the ground wave and ionospheric reflection has previously been used to estimate a single specular reflection altitude, where LF/VLF emissions …
Increasing A-Type Co32− Substitution Decreases The Modulus Of Apatite Nanocrystals, Stephanie Wong, Abigail Eaton, Christina Krywka, Arun Nair, Christophe Drouet, Alix Deymier
Increasing A-Type Co32− Substitution Decreases The Modulus Of Apatite Nanocrystals, Stephanie Wong, Abigail Eaton, Christina Krywka, Arun Nair, Christophe Drouet, Alix Deymier
Faculty Publications
Biological apatite mineral is highly substituted with carbonate (CO32−). CO32− can exchange for either phosphate, known as B-type, or hydroxyl groups, known as A-type. Although the former has been extensively studied, A-type CO32− substituted apatites are poorly understood. Therefore, A-type CO32− apatites with biologically relevant levels of CO32− (1.7–5.8 wt%) were prepared and characterized. The addition of A-type CO32− into the apatite structure caused the predicted expansion of the a-axis and contraction of the c-axis in the unit cell. This was accompanied by a significant modification in the atomic …
Evaluating Learning Outcomes In A Serious Game: A Practical And Model Checking Approach, Matthew D. Douglas
Evaluating Learning Outcomes In A Serious Game: A Practical And Model Checking Approach, Matthew D. Douglas
Theses and Dissertations
This research introduces a novel computational framework to evaluate and predict the educational impact of serious games during development. By using finite state machines (FSM) and model-checking techniques, this study evaluates two serious games. Traditional evaluation approaches, often reliant on resource-intensive human trials, lack scalability and fail to provide early insight into the alignment of game mechanics with learning objectives. This study addresses these challenges of traditional evaluation methods.
Creating And Analyzing Space Vehicle Seit/Pm Factors, Jordan A. Bosco
Creating And Analyzing Space Vehicle Seit/Pm Factors, Jordan A. Bosco
Theses and Dissertations
The Department of Defense relies on accurate cost estimation to inform budget decisions. Beyond being a critical component of the Defense Acquisition System, cost estimation is a legal requirement in the budgeting process. Cost analysts, therefore, have both a fiduciary and statutory responsibility to produce realistic estimates. Among the many elements of a space system cost estimate is Space Vehicle Systems Engineering, Integration & Test, and Program Management (SEIT/PM). While existing factors aid in estimating SEIT/PM, Space Systems Command is interested in research in alternatives to the current methods and crosschecks for those methods. This study develops a set of …
Graph Neural Network-Based Uav Coverage Planning For Robust And Efficient 3d Environments, Gal Tsfaty
Graph Neural Network-Based Uav Coverage Planning For Robust And Efficient 3d Environments, Gal Tsfaty
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis addresses the challenge of generating optimized UAV waypoints for complete coverage of complex 3D environments, utilizing graph-based computational techniques. The proposed framework replaces computationally intensive steps—triangulation and three-coloring—within the Vantage Waypoint Set Generation Algorithm (VWSGA) pipeline with Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). By learning structural patterns, the GNN achieves scalable and robust triangulation and node classification, enabling enhanced coverage planning in irregular geometries. A novel penalty mechanism ensures alignment with graph structure during adjacency prediction. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of GNNs in balancing accuracy, computational efficiency, and adaptability, advancing UAV coverage optimization.
On The Exploration Of Crystallographic Anisotropy And Defects In Shock Loading Using Molecular Dynamics, Benjamin P. Helman
On The Exploration Of Crystallographic Anisotropy And Defects In Shock Loading Using Molecular Dynamics, Benjamin P. Helman
Theses and Dissertations
The impact of crystallographic orientation, grain boundaries, and vacancies on the shock behavior of aluminum was investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. Shock loading in the [001], [011], and [111] directions was explored, revealing anisotropic behavior in shock speed, melting, dislocation density, and unique phase changes. The Hugoniot elastic limit in the [100], [110], and [111] directions was calculated as 23.2 GPa, 24 GPa, and 18.4 GPa respectively. These results were found to be an order of magnitude larger than the compressive yield strength computed at equilibrium. Additionally, metastable melting in the [011] and [111] directions occurred roughly 1000 K below …
Analyzing And Comparing Refinement Indicators For Rbf-Fd Adaptive Algorithms, Anders R. Johnson
Analyzing And Comparing Refinement Indicators For Rbf-Fd Adaptive Algorithms, Anders R. Johnson
Theses and Dissertations
Recent progress has been made in the development of collocation-based iterative algorithms that approximate solutions to PDEs. These algorithms rely on the ability to identify regions within a domain where a finer discretization is required. Such iterative algorithms are beneficial particularly when solution functions have highly localized behavior. This thesis proposes an indicator for node refinement that is constructed by approximating the forward error. This proposed indicator also helps to establish confidence in the accuracy of a given solution estimate. The proposed error estimator is theoretically examined and compared with contemporary refinement indicators. It is shown that an iterative algorithm, …
An Analysis Of Hardware Modification Cost: A Test Of A 1:1 Ratio Heuristic, Oluwasegun Faleye
An Analysis Of Hardware Modification Cost: A Test Of A 1:1 Ratio Heuristic, Oluwasegun Faleye
Theses and Dissertations
Accurate cost estimation for Department of Defense (DoD) hardware modification programs remains a critical challenge due to the complexity of Group A and Group B modifications and their associated installation costs. This study evaluates the validity of a 1:1 ratio heuristic, which suggests that Group A modification kits combined with installation costs should equate to the costs of Group B modification kits. This study analyzes cost relationships across system types and modification categories using a dataset of 255 modification programs from the Air Force Life Cycle Management Center (AFLCMC). Statistical methods, including means tables and regression modeling, evaluate the validity …
Fatigue Behavior Of Two Advanced C/Sic Composites At 1200°C In Air, Conner A. Adams
Fatigue Behavior Of Two Advanced C/Sic Composites At 1200°C In Air, Conner A. Adams
Theses and Dissertations
High-temperature tension-tension fatigue behavior of two advanced carbon/silicon carbide (C/SiC) ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) was investigated. Both composites were reinforced with T300 carbon fibers. Laminated carbon fiber preforms consisted of 24 plies of plain weave fabric in a 0/90 layup. The first composite, C/CVI-SiC, was processed by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) of SiC into the fiber preform. Prior to the CVI process, the fiber preforms were coated with a duplex pyrolytic carbon and boron carbide fiber coating to create a weak fiber- matrix interphase. The second composite, C/HYPR-SiC, was also processed via CVI, but had an oxidation inhibited matrix comprising …
Investigation Of The Convective Heat Transfer Driving Potential For Hypersonic Flows, Roderick A. Mills
Investigation Of The Convective Heat Transfer Driving Potential For Hypersonic Flows, Roderick A. Mills
Theses and Dissertations
Accurately determining adiabatic wall temperature is critical for characterizing surface heating in hypersonic flows. The differences between adiabatic wall temperature and stagnation temperature for Mach 6 flow are examined. A two-dimensional explicit finite difference scheme was developed to analyze heat transfer within an angled wedge and to assess the applicability of the classical semi-infinite solid solution to the Fourier Heat Equation for estimating adiabatic wall temperature and convective heat transfer coefficients. Experimental surface temperature data were extracted from infrared thermography obtained during Mach 6 wind tunnel tests, and the semi-infinite solid solution was applied to estimate the adiabatic wall temperature. …
Design And Evaluation Of A Deployment Mechanism For A Space-Based Origami Mirror In Cubesat Missions, Arturo Luna
Design And Evaluation Of A Deployment Mechanism For A Space-Based Origami Mirror In Cubesat Missions, Arturo Luna
Theses and Dissertations
The space environment’s suboptimal lighting conditions and eclipse periods impede inspection and on-orbit servicing missions. To abate this problem, the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) launched the Mirror Illumination for Reconnaissance and Rendezvous of Orbital Resident Systems (MIRRORS) initiative. This initiative provides augmented illumination to resident space objects (RSOs) by reflecting the sun’s rays from a mirror satellite. Leveraging origami-inspired designs for compact packaging, AFIT developed a cube origami flasher mirror constructed from aluminum panels that unfolds passively via Nitinol hinges. This research investigates the necessary deployment and panning mechanisms for a dynamic, space-based origami mirror to advance the …
Forecasting Army Recruiting Mission Distribution, Maxwell A. Deihl
Forecasting Army Recruiting Mission Distribution, Maxwell A. Deihl
Theses and Dissertations
The Army’s recruiting landscape has changed markedly in recent years, raising questions about whether forecasting methods of Army contracts remain robust. This thesis recreates the presented models in Joshua McDonald’s 2015 thesis. It replicates and evaluates the models with updated data (2018–2023) to assess their current validity and compare them to novel alternative approaches, such as simpler regression models or neural networks. While the 2015 model remains a valuable baseline, results suggest that either refining its variables or adopting alternative methods can improve predictive accuracy and interpretability. Ultimately, the United States Army Recruiting Command has many options regarding how it …
Tracking News Narratives: Topic Modeling, Sentiment, And Media Coverage Patterns, Alexandria G. Lai
Tracking News Narratives: Topic Modeling, Sentiment, And Media Coverage Patterns, Alexandria G. Lai
Theses and Dissertations
This study introduces a novel content-driven influence measurement framework, built around a custom influence formula that integrates Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) topic modeling, sentiment analysis, and influence metrics to analyze media narratives over time. Applied to news coverage of the 2020 U.S. presidential election and the COVID-19 pandemic, the framework identifies key topics, sentiment patterns, and influential sources. Results demonstrate its ability to distinguish between transient political controversies and sustained public health discourse while capturing shifts in media influence. While effective, refinements in topic separation, sentiment analysis, and temporal weighting could enhance adaptability. This study highlights the novel influence formula …
Utility Of Self-Sensing Damage Technology Through A2/Ad Drone Combat Simulation, Sidhanth Venkatasubramaniam
Utility Of Self-Sensing Damage Technology Through A2/Ad Drone Combat Simulation, Sidhanth Venkatasubramaniam
Theses and Dissertations
Since the introduction of the first unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), UAVs have consistently improved in capability and versatility. The ability to perform military operations without the risk of losing human life is crucial for the United States military. The trade-off for this versatility is cost, and several ongoing research efforts are being made to improve UAV mission success and the lifespan of UAVs. An area of research that falls under the categories mentioned is self-damage detection. The Air Force Research Laboratories (AFRL) are developing a capability to enable a UAV to assess airframe damage, enabling real-time determination of damage potentially …
Data Lakehouse And Machine Learning Pipeline For Aircraft Fuel Efficiency Experimentation, Skyler G. Kepley
Data Lakehouse And Machine Learning Pipeline For Aircraft Fuel Efficiency Experimentation, Skyler G. Kepley
Theses and Dissertations
Fuel efficiency is crucial for the U.S. Air Force, impacting mission success, aircraft performance, and cost savings. This study presents an information system that integrates flight and maintenance data using a data lakehouse. It automates ingestion, enrichment, and predictive modeling, leveraging AutoML for optimization and SHAP for transparency. A case study on C-130J aircraft shows that optimizing D Check cycles can save 11.52 pounds of fuel per flight hour. These findings highlight the effectiveness of data-driven decision-making in aviation, offering a scalable, automated solution for improving fuel efficiency and reducing costs.
Performing Requirements Specification And Analysis Through Open Generative Pre-Trained Transformers, Harvey J. Hurst
Performing Requirements Specification And Analysis Through Open Generative Pre-Trained Transformers, Harvey J. Hurst
Theses and Dissertations
Every acquisition program begins with a requirement, and for those programs to succeed, robust requirements engineering (RE) must be implemented. RE encompasses eliciting, analyzing, specifying, and validating requirements—a critical process throughout a program's lifecycle. Despite its importance, RE faces challenges such as scope creep, ambiguity, redundancy, and inadequate automation support, often exacerbated by reliance on historical data. To address these issues, this thesis leverages advancements in Generative Technology, particularly large language models (LLMs) such as Generative Pre-Trained Transformers (GPTs). This research developed two GPT-based tools: the Single Requirement Analysis Tool and the Set of Requirements Analysis Tool. These tools were …
Quantifying The Impact Of Highly Corrosive Environments On Fsrm Budgets And Infrastructure Condition At Air Force Bases, Justin M. Weber
Quantifying The Impact Of Highly Corrosive Environments On Fsrm Budgets And Infrastructure Condition At Air Force Bases, Justin M. Weber
Theses and Dissertations
The Department of Defense (DoD) faces significant challenges in maintaining mission-critical infrastructure within highly corrosive environments, with annual costs exceeding $22.5 billion to combat corrosion. This thesis investigated the interplay between environmental severity, sustainment funding, and infrastructure performance. This research utilized Facility Sustainment, Restoration, and Modernization (FSRM) funding data, statistical analyses, and regression modeling, to evaluate how Environmental Severity Index (ESI) categories influence Base Condition Index (BCI) trends and the efficacy of the Facility Sustainment Model (FSM). The analysis revealed that installations in higher ESI categories required significantly greater investment per square foot to achieve comparable improvements in BCI. The …
Weighed And Measured: Toward An Evaluation Method For Digital Models In Source Selection, Liam N. O'Neill
Weighed And Measured: Toward An Evaluation Method For Digital Models In Source Selection, Liam N. O'Neill
Theses and Dissertations
Inspired by a recent model-based source selection conducted by the Advanced Range Threat System (ARTS) Program Office at Hill AFB, this research effort explored the development of new tools the DoD could use when evaluating models submitted with proposals. Specifically, the effort aimed to incorporate the Multi-Objective Decisions Analysis (MODA) framework into SysML diagrams as a solution for technical evaluations on models submitted with offeror proposals, eventually producing the Model-Based Decision Tool (MBDT). The MBDT is built from a Value Hierarchy based on key system requirements, each weighted by priority and measured by their own Single-Dimensional Value Functions (SDVFs). By …
A Machine Learning/Deep Learning Investigation On Remote Manufacturing Machine State Classification, Ajeet S. Parmar
A Machine Learning/Deep Learning Investigation On Remote Manufacturing Machine State Classification, Ajeet S. Parmar
Theses and Dissertations
Determining the extent of manufacturing capabilities with respect to adversarial or hostile nations is a topic of significant importance to the Department of Defense. Manufacturing capabilities can serve as indications of a nation's industrial power and its economy of force in warfare. Remotely detecting machine operations via electromagnetic sensors may be possible via Deep Learning (DL) and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. To predict machine states, sensor data is collected externally from a machine shop on a college campus to monitor the operating states of lathes and mills in individual and concurrent operation. Furthermore, several sensors are placed in various positions, …
Correlating Aerosol Morphology And Optical Properties With Image Blur: An Investigation Of Aerosol-Induced Image Degradation, Patricia A. Byrd
Correlating Aerosol Morphology And Optical Properties With Image Blur: An Investigation Of Aerosol-Induced Image Degradation, Patricia A. Byrd
Theses and Dissertations
Small-angle scattering by relatively large cloud/fog droplets and ice crystals is known to degrade imagery. However, it is not well investigated how much of an impact aerosols, especially the prevalent anthropogenic fine/ultra-fine/coarse particles, have in image degradation. This thesis explores the contribution of aerosols to image blur but focuses on collecting field data with a relatively large variety of ambient aerosol characterization and optical instrumentation. Field experiments were conducted over six days, correlating aerosol measurements (particle counters and nephelometer) with image quality from a visible camera along a 450m path. Image blur was quantified using the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF), …
Best Estimate Reconstruction Of The Control Profile For A Maneuvering Reentry Vehicle, Justin R. Evans
Best Estimate Reconstruction Of The Control Profile For A Maneuvering Reentry Vehicle, Justin R. Evans
Theses and Dissertations
Astrodynamic reentry is an increasingly important flight regime as countries around the world develop new spacecraft and weapons. A design of interest is that of hypersonic glide vehicles with the ability to maneuver in the atmosphere. As these vehicles become more common across the world, it has become advantageous to track foreign reentry tests in order to determine capabilities. While current observation techniques may allow position and velocity to be tracked across the trajectory, orientation of the vehicle is not always observable. The ability to find vehicle orientation across time gives insight into the performance characteristics of the vehicle. This …
Measurements Of The Radioisotope Production Cross Section Of 193Ir(N,N')193mIr Between 0.5–9 Mev, Ronnie P. Rera
Measurements Of The Radioisotope Production Cross Section Of 193Ir(N,N')193mIr Between 0.5–9 Mev, Ronnie P. Rera
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis covers a measurements of the radioisotope production cross section of 193Ir(n,n′) 193mIr between 0.5–9 MeV is discussed. The experiment was performed at the University of Notre Dame St.ANA 5U accelerator laboratory. Experimental planning, data collection, analysis, results, and impacts are discussed.
Maintenance Strategy And Budgeting Optimization For United States Air Force Facilities, Sophia C. Hirtle
Maintenance Strategy And Budgeting Optimization For United States Air Force Facilities, Sophia C. Hirtle
Theses and Dissertations
Mission readiness in the United States Air Force (USAF) is critically dependent on the sustainment and maintenance of aging facilities. However, budgetary and manpower constraints have led to a significant backlog of deferred maintenance, estimated at $137 billion. To address these challenges, this research develops an optimization model that aids in prioritizing facility maintenance strategies within a fixed budget. The methodology incorporates existing USAF data from BUILDER, NexGenIT, and financial records to create a simulation-based optimization framework at the base level. The model evaluates four different maintenance strategies—replacement only, preventative maintenance only, corrective maintenance only, and a combination of preventative …
Proof Of Concept: Using Uas Technology To Accomplish Aerial Roof Inspections, Madison R. Fanning
Proof Of Concept: Using Uas Technology To Accomplish Aerial Roof Inspections, Madison R. Fanning
Theses and Dissertations
With the growing use of simulation across industries, the digital twin remains an underexplored research area, particularly in emergency management and response. Its real-time updating capability is often overlooked due to the misconception that "digital twin" is merely a complex term for simulation. This paper highlights its distinctiveness through an evasion exercise involving two independent entities in a collocated environment. Using a highly integrated virtual environment (HIVE) and internet of things (IoT) devices, we link the physical system with an analytical simulation, demonstrating the impact of lag times in high-pressure scenarios. The computational model leverages agent-based modeling (ABM) and discrete-event …