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Arithmetic Theorems, Demonstrated By A New Method: An English Translation Of E271, Brendon Lasell

Euleriana

After defending in general terms the value of arithmetic demonstrations, where, according to Euler, the force of genius shines more brightly than in any other kind of demonstration, he goes on to let the force of his own genius shine forth in demonstrating the fact that, for any pair of relatively prime numbers a and N, a^ϕ(N) − 1 is always divisible by N, where we anachronistically denote by ϕ(N) the number of numbers less than N that are relatively prime to it. He approaches this theorem by considering the remainders that result when the numbers in an arithmetic …

On Double Integral Formulas: An English Translation Of E391, Thomas W. Polaski

Euleriana

In this paper, Euler investigates the theory of double intergrals to uses them to find areas, volumes and surface areas. He considers transformations of variables in double integrals. After showing that simple multiplication of the transformed differentials is not appropriate, he derives the formula for a change of variables in double integrals. Euler then uses such changes of variables to investigate areas and volumes, and then turns his attention to the so-called ``Florentine problem.'' This problem requires one to remove four equal windows from a hemispherical surface so that the remaining area is equal to the area of a square. …

Eulerian Problem Solving, Christopher Goff, Erik Tou

Euleriana

An introduction to the contents in Volume 6 (Issue 2) of Euleriana.

Bitseat: Reimagining The Financing For Airliners Using Nonfungible Tokens (Blockchain Technology), Edwin S. Ongola

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

This essay describes how blockchain technology, particularly nonfungible tokens, can be used to raise funding for airliners. The essay begins with a brief overview on the costs, categories, and acquisition methods of airliners. After that, the essay introduces concepts on blockchain technology, tokens, and smart contracts. The essay then touches on how nonfungible tokens can be used to facilitate fractional ownership of airliners. From there, the essay discusses Bitseat, a conceptual nonfungible token for fractional ownership of airliners, covering its overall design, appeal, marketplace alternatives, and challenges. Finally, in the discussion, the essay summarizes the overall concept and outlines its …

Improving Security Policy Validation In Distributed Systems Using Attack Graph Simulations, Zaid J. Al-Araji, Balqees Talal Hasan, Fahad Ahmed Shaban, Ali Khairi Al-Toohafi, Hussein M. Farhood, Alaa Al-Dabbagh, Omar Nazar Hamdoon

Al-Bahir

Validation of security policies in distributed systems is difficult because rules are heterogeneous, interact in non-obvious ways, and static checks often overlook multi-stage attacker chains. We offer a unified framework to translate real policies, and in parallel give visibility into policy-aware attack graphs (PAAGs), then we evaluate them using deterministic as well as probabilistic simulations, with Monte Carlo (MC) included. The policies are naturally embedded in the construction; firewall semantics deny or remove exploit edges, RBAC limits privilege transitions, and IDS/IPS lower the success likelihood of edges, so the resulting graph reflects both the vulnerability surface and the enforcement posture. …

Molecular Characterization Of Coprinopsis Sp. Based On Its Rdna Analysis And Evaluation Of Its Antibacterial Activity, Maysaa Taqi Al-Khazali, Kawkab Abdullah Alsaadi, Zahraa Raheem Murshidy, Dhuha Ali Hussein, Sura Abd Ali Kadhim Mohammed

Al-Bahir

The present study, conducted in Karbala Governorate, central Iraq, aimed to identify and characterize large wild fungi belonging to the genus Coprinopsis. Field-collected specimens were found to be Coprinopsis sp. with affinity to Coprinopsis cinerea, based initially on detailed morphological and microscopic characteristics and further supported by molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA through comparison with related sequences available in the GenBank database. BLAST analysis revealed minor nucleotide variations, and the obtained sequence was deposited in the NCBI GenBank database under accession number PX247457.1. These findings contribute to the limited records of Coprinopsis species …

Comparative Experimental Study Of Pcm And Zeolite-Based Passive Cooling For Enhancing Second Generation Solar Panel Performance In Hot-Arid Climates, Mohammed Dakhil Abbas, Tawfeeq K. Al-Hamdi, Mohammed Ali Abdulrehman, Shah Rizal Kasim, Ahmed Subhi Abbas, Ali M. Flayyih, Tawfeeq W. Mohammed

Al-Bahir

Operating at high temperatures is one of the key factors affecting the performance of photovoltaic systems. In hot-arid climates, the temperature is typically extremely high. In this study, the experimental performance of two passive cooling systems, phase change materials (PCMs) and zeolite X13-CaCl₂, was comparatively assessed to improve the performance of cadmium telluride photovoltaic panels under the same real operating conditions in Baghdad, Iraq. An improvement of approximately 8.5% in electrical conversion efficiency (i.e., the percentage increase compared to the reference system and not the actual value) was achieved, with a decrease in temperature of approximately 12 °C being recorded …

The Nine-Block Pyramid: A Structural Framework For Cultivating An Ai Adoption Mindset Culture At Enterprise Scale, Ahmad Masri

Communications of the IIMA

Enterprise artificial intelligence (AI) adoption is nearly universal in name but shallow in practice: a large majority of organizations now use AI in at least one business function, yet only a small minority have scaled it enterprise-wide, and leadership commitment rather than technology is repeatedly cited as the binding constraint. This conceptual paper argues that AI adoption is fundamentally a mindset-culture problem, not a tooling problem, and proposes a nine-block pyramid as a practical framework describing a sequencing heuristic, anchored in established organizational-behavior theory, for the cultural conditions an enterprise should build to sustain an AI adoption mindset: (1) Enterprise …

Comparative Analytical Study Of Titanium Alloys By Libs, Xrd, And Eds, Hyder A. Salih, Sabah N. Mizhir, Khaleel I. Hassoon, Nisreen Kh. Abdalameer, Mona Niroozad

Journal of Applied Sciences and Nanotechnology

Titanium alloys (TiAs) have significant applications in engineering and technological purposes but often demand inclusive characterization due to their different components and properties. While previous LIBS investigations on Ti alloys have demonstrated its capability for elemental identification, they have not systematically explored its application for rapid sorting and recycling of industrially relevant titanium alloys with complex compositions. Our work specifically addresses this gap by applying LIBS to differentiate and classify Ti alloys with varying alloying elements. Pure (T0) and two commercial titanium alloys (T1 and T2) have been investigated using LIBS, XRD, and EDS techniques for fast and exact identification, …

Preparation Of Gallium Nitride Thin Film Using Hydrothermal Method, Rawan B. Fadhil, Evan T. Salim, Subash C.B. Gopinath, Motahher A. Qaeed

Journal of Applied Sciences and Nanotechnology

This article describes the synthesis and deposition of gallium nitride (GaN) by the hydrothermal method. The objective of this study is to prepare and deposit gallium nitride (GaN) on quartz substrates using the hydrothermal technique and to investigate its structural, optical, and surface properties. In this work, 0.001 g of GaN powder was dispersed in 40 ml of deionized water, and the prepared solution was used for the deposition process. The quartz substrates were then introduced into the hydrothermal system to complete the deposition on their surface. The prepared samples were characterized using XRD, UV–Vis, Raman, FESEM, and AFM techniques …

Green Assisted Synthesis Of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: The Influence Of Plant Extract Type (Eucalyptus, Lemon, And Sidr), Ikram R. Abdal-Razaq, Farhad M. Othman, Alaa A. Abdul-Hamead

Journal of Applied Sciences and Nanotechnology

In recent years, a greener sustained approach has attracted significant attention, particularly that employs environmentally friendly nanomaterials by utilizing natural extracts. Despite the growing number of literature studies on the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using different plants, comparisons between extracts to assess their effect on physical and chemical properties under identical preparation conditions are almost limited. Therefore, this study aims investigate an emerging field of nanotechnology focused on creating cost-effective, environmentally friendly zinc oxide nanoparticles using various leaf extracts (Eucalyptus, Lemon, and Sidr) as reducing and stabilizing agents, with zinc chloride as the precursor. The impact of the active …

Tensile Behaviour Of Polymer Blends Reinforced With Siwak, Flax Fibres And Natural Powders, Hassan A. Sharhan, Sadeer M. Majeed, Wafaa M. Salih

Journal of Applied Sciences and Nanotechnology

This research focuses on developing environmentally friendly hybrid nanocomposites based on a polymer blend of 25% PMMA and 75% bio-epoxy, reinforced with natural materials, including eggshell powder, cuttlefish bone, siwak, and flax fibres. Tensile testing results showed a significant enhancement in mechanical characteristics with increasing reinforcement percentage. The eggshell-reinforced blend with siwak fibres achieved the best mechanical performance at 3 wt.%, having a tensile strength of around 15 MPa and a Young's modulus of roughly 0.72 GPa, as opposed to the unreinforced blend, which measured roughly 6 MPa and 0.35 GPa, respectively. The elongation also increased from approximately 1.8% for …

Experimental Investigation Of A Time–Delayed Multi Spark Blumlein Excitation System For Performance Enhancement Of A Tea Nitrogen Laser, Farah Jawad Kadhum, Raid A Ismail, Alwan M. Alwan, Ali H. Attallah, Doaa Sulaiman

Journal of Applied Sciences and Nanotechnology

This paper presents a multistage electrical configuration for excitation within a nanosecond transversely excited atmospheric nitrogen (TEA-N₂) laser, with variations including a one-stage Blumlein circuit (1SBC),a three-stage Blumlein circuit (3SBC), and a five-stage Blumlein circuit (5SBC). The circuit features several discharge loops controlled by spark gaps and is intended to produce great performance through a low-inductance discharge geometry. A two-electrode spark gap is temporarily changed to cause the laser channel to collapse at the maximum overvoltage. The design enables gas discharge and nitrogen molecule excitation at lower voltages, with each configuration producing a varied peak output power depending …

Thermo-Hydraulic Performance Enhancement Of Heat Sinks Using Twisted Naca 0021 Airfoil Pin Fins: A Numerical Study, Ismail H. Omran, Khaled M. Chahrour

Journal of Applied Sciences and Nanotechnology

The thermo-hydraulic performance of heat sinks is strongly influenced by pin-fin geometry; however, systematic evaluation of twisted NACA 0021 airfoil pin fins as an alternative to conventional cylindrical configurations remains limited. The current study involved numerical investigations using ANSYS Fluent 2023 in analyzing a heat sink with twisted NACA 0021 airfoil pin fins subjected to turbulent forced convection. The traditional design with cylindrical pin-fin heat sinks was used as the baseline geometry, and varying degrees of twist ranging from 0° to 60° were studied over a range of inlet velocity from 6.5 to 12 m/s (Re = 3.8 × 10 …

Ai Slop In The Generative Ai Era: Uncovering Hidden Costs For Information Quality, Trust, And Human-Centered Systems, Blenda G. Mutuma

Communications of the IIMA

The rapid proliferation of generative AI tools has fundamentally altered the volume, velocity, and perceived quality of information produced across academic and professional settings (Bommasani et al., 2021; Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence [HAI], 2025). Yet this expansion has introduced a critical and underexamined threat to sustainable information ecosystems: what this paper formally terms AI slop ; defined as AI-generated content that achieves surface-level plausibility while offering limited substantive value, accuracy, or contextual depth. At scale, AI slop degrades information quality and erodes institutional trust (Bender et al., 2021; Weidinger et al., 2021). More critically, it generates what this …

Ai-Assisted Software Development And The Change Of Organizational Rhythms, Jarl Tuxen, Morten Boesen, Sarah O'Neill

Communications of the IIMA

Based on a qualitative study of a Danish NGO collaborating with an AI-enabled software vendor, this paper examines how the speed of AI-assisted software development challenges established organizational rhythms of evaluation and governance. The preliminary analysis suggests that AI-assisted development not only accelerates software production but also destabilizes established mechanisms for evaluation, responsibility allocation, and legimitization in software development projects.

Saas As The Backbone Of Digital Transformation: How Ai Turned Cloud Software Into Intelligent Enterprise Infrastructure, Amar Fejzić

Communications of the IIMA

Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) has become one of the most consequential infrastructures of digital transformation because it lowers the cost, time, and complexity of adopting enterprise capabilities. At the same time, artificial intelligence (AI), especially generative and conversational AI, is changing SaaS from a delivery model into an intelligent operating layer that automates workflows, personalizes customer interactions, and supports data-driven decisions. This paper develops a conceptual synthesis of academic literature and public organizational cases to examine how SaaS shaped digital transformation and how AI is reshaping SaaS itself. The analysis shows that SaaS enables scalable experimentation, faster deployment, and modular integration, while …

Integration Of Freshness Monitoring And Active Packaging Technologies For Aquatic Products, Maria Ali, Abdul Waheed Ghanghro, Bheem Raj Serani, Mahrukh Zakir

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Aquatic products are nutritionally valuable but highly perishable, with quality loss driven by microbial spoilage, biochemical changes, including total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), trimethylamine (TMA) and histamine, and physicochemical deterioration, including lipid oxidation, gas production and texture loss. Conventional packaging slows these processes but does not report real-time freshness. This review analyzes how active packaging (antimicrobial, antioxidant, enzyme-inhibiting, and oxygen-scavenging systems, including bio- and nanocomposites) can be combined with freshness monitoring technologies (colorimetric/pH indicators, gas sensors, biosensors, and digital tools such as radio frequency identification (RFID) and Internet of Things (IoT) systems) specifically for fish, shrimp, and mollusks. We first …

The Design Of G-Board Gamification : Chess Boards ., Djamila Hassan Djibril Professor

Defensive Publications Series

With the emergence of a novel concept of gamification in g-board games, we aim to investigate the creative design and execution of G-Board, a gamified platform designed to boost user involvement and educational results. By incorporating game elements such as points, badges, leader boards, and challenges into the conventional or productivity sphere, G-Board aspires to inspire users through both intrinsic and extrinsic incentives. In response to alterations in game design or transformations in the gaming industry triggered by shifts in user engagement, we opted to craft a fresh approach and concept for games. The aim of this new design is …

Client-Side Dom-Based Orchestration Of Generative Ai Meeting Artifacts, Mansi Sawant

Defensive Publications Series

In enterprise video conferencing environments, capturing actionable engineering artifacts such as bug reports, architecture diagrams, or task assignments often requires users to manually context-switch across multiple browser tabs and applications. Existing third-party artificial intelligence (AI) agents attempt to address this by ingesting meeting transcripts via backend APIs, but this approach introduces security risks by transmitting confidential meeting data to external servers and requiring highly-privileged OAuth scopes for cross-application execution. The present disclosure describes a client-side autonomous orchestrator that operates entirely within the user's authenticated browser session. The orchestrator utilizes front-end robotic process automation and Document Object Model (DOM) manipulation to …

System And Method For Local Venue User-Generated Content Registration, Affinity-Sensed Curation, And Revenue-Shared Broadcast Pickup, Eric Zavesky

Defensive Publications Series

A system and method for local venue user-generated content registration, affinity-sensed curation, and revenue-shared broadcast pickup is disclosed. Patrons of local establishments capture video clips and upload them through verified paths establishing authorship and venue proximity. A registration service verifies authorship, assigns persistent content identifiers, and embeds venue provenance directly into clip files. An edge-processed, aggregate, non-biometric affinity sensor array measures audience engagement during display, generating affinity scores that inform curation and distribution decisions. A hierarchical governance engine applies positive and negative content filters with strict negative-override priority across per-clip, per-patron, and per-keyword vectors, supporting genre-aligned filter relaxation for special …

Adaptive Media Content Recommendation Based On Temporal Physiological States, Karl Joseph Weinmeister

Defensive Publications Series

This publication describes a media recommendation system that conditions content selection on a listener’s temporal physiological state rather than on external context alone. A biometric-sensing wearable device streams heart rate (HR), heart-rate variability (HRV), and inertial (e.g., accelerometer or gyroscope) data to a host media device, which buffers the multi-stream time series over a rolling look-back window. The buffered series is decomposed into a personalized seasonal component (circadian rhythms, baseline metabolic variation, historical resting-heart-rate zones, etc.) and a trend component that outputs the velocity and acceleration of the physiological state. A context classifier fuses biometric and motion signals to classify …

Improved Process For The Preparation Of An Intermediate Compounds Of An Anticoagulant, Lee Pharma Limited

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure relates to N-(5-Chloropyridin-2-yl)-N′-[(1S,2R,4S)-4-(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl)-2-(5-methyl4,5,6,7-tetrahydro[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridine-2-carboxamido)cyclohexyl] oxamide mono(4-methylbenzenesulfonate) monohydrate, is represented by following structural formula (I).

The present disclosure relates to a process for the preparation of an intermediate of compound of formula (I), the intermediate is represented by following structural formula (II).

The present disclosure relates to a process for the preparation of an intermediate of compound of formula (I), the intermediate is represented by following structural formula (III).

The present disclosure relates to a process for the preparation of an intermediate of compound of formula (I), the intermediate is represented by following structural formula (IV).

Multi-Cycle Dynamic Ir-Drop Prediction For Power Delivery Networks Using A Shared-Weight Encoder-Decoder With Convolutional Recurrence, Prateek Pendyala

Defensive Publications Series

Dynamic IR-drop, a voltage drop reflecting current (I) through resistance (R), has become a significant operational constraint in the power delivery network (PDN) of an integrated circuit.  A transient matrix solver can take upwards of 6-12 hours to verify one engineering change order (ECO).  Separately, a frame-based neural network may miss voltage deficits that build across consecutive clock cycles.  To address these limitations, this a prediction method feeds per-cycle power tensors through a shared spatial encoder.  From there, a convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM) temporal core carries voltage history from cycle to cycle.  A shared spatial decoder then reconstructs a …

Adaptive Knowledge Utility-Driven Rag Ingestion Optimization For Minimizing Time-To-First-Useful-Answer Through Progressive Knowledge Availability, Anupam Mukherjee, Prasad N Kamath

Defensive Publications Series

A system is proposed herein for reducing the time between upload of enterprise knowledge and a first useful answer in a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) environment. The system makes a newly uploaded document rapidly searchable through lightweight text extraction, chunking, metadata extraction, and lexical indexing while semantic enrichment continues in the background. Pending ingestion work is decomposed into document-type-aware tasks and prioritized using document characteristics, live query demand, retrieval-quality signals, expected knowledge utility, processing cost, service-level objectives, and tenant fairness. A global multi-tenant scheduler can continuously reprioritize embedding, optical character recognition (OCR), table extraction, entity extraction, summarization, image understanding, and related …

Gci-Vabc-R+ Continuous Acoustic-Inertial Bio-Purification Engine, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

Elevated levels of Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] represent an independent, genetically determined causal risk factor for cardiovascular disease and aortic stenosis, affecting approximately 20% of the global human population. Current therapeutic interventions face severe trade-offs: pharmacological antisense oligonucleotides (e.g., Pelacarsen) have demonstrated sub-threshold event reduction in large-scale outcomes trials (Lp(a)HORIZON) due to depth-of-lowering limits (~72–80%), whereas existing apheresis platforms non-selectively deplete all Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) particles via non-specific adsorption. This disclosure details the full bench-scale prototype specifications, fluid dynamics models, electrical schematics, and testing protocols for the GCI-VABC-R+ Research Engine.

The GCI-VABC-R+ integrates Dean-flow secondary inertial focusing, high-frequency Bulk Acoustic Waves (BAW), …

Architectural Specification Of A Local Multi-Scale Contour For Stable Recursive Self-Improvement, Volodymyr Kotegov

Defensive Publications Series

This document describes a practical architecture for stable recursive self-improvement limited to programming, algorithms, and mathematics. The system runs as a bare core and does not require broad world knowledge or data-center resources. It is designed for 1 to 5 high-end local workstations (Mac Studio class or equivalent with 128–192 GB unified memory). The design combines aggressive evolutionary search with strong conservative safeguards: multiple time scales, a shadow reference copy, orthogonality based on execution traces, an immutable control core, and specification changes that depend on measured success density.

A Health Card Is Not Healthcare Why Coverage Does Not Always Become Care And How Institutions Can Close The Gap, Deepak Aggarwal

Defensive Publications Series

Universal healthcare is usually measured through two questions: can people obtain the care they need, and can they afford it without financial hardship? Both matter. Neither tells us whether care actually reached the patient.

A person may hold a health card. The treatment may be covered. The ambulance, hospital, specialist and payer may each follow their own rules correctly. Yet the patient may still wait too long, arrive at a hospital that cannot treat them, or be lost between institutions.

This paper examines that gap through Decision Engineering™. It follows a person suffering a heart attack along the Decision Integrity …

Cumorp‑1.0 — Caldwell Unified Multi‑Organ Research Platform, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

CUMORP‑1.0 is a multi‑physics benchtop research reactor designed to study:

• Autoimmune cascade collapse

• Neuro‑toxic aggregate clearance

• Oncological micro‑environment clearance

• Systemic multi‑organ inflammatory collapse

• Metabolic failure

• ROS overload

• Multi‑organ hydrology failure

• Multi‑organ pressure collapse

• Multi‑organ resonance misalignment

It integrates:

• CUTDE‑1.0 — telemetry spine

• S‑MORPH v1.0 — systemic multi‑organ physics

• C‑AIRE v1.0 — autoimmune physics

• CNCS‑1.0 — neuro‑clearance physics

• UBPRCE‑Onco — oncological clearance physics

• GCI‑VABC‑R+ — continuous purification physics

C‑Aire V1.0 — Caldwell Universal Auto‑Immune Reset Engine, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

C‑AIRE v1.0 is an open‑hardware multi‑physics benchtop reactor engineered to study autoimmune cascade collapse in synthetic immune‑tissue phantom models. It unifies:

• Acoustic standing waves

• Monodisperse microbubble cavitation

• Non‑thermal RF destabilization

• Electrokinetic DC alignment

• Gyroid microfluidic vortex flow

• Magnetophoretic debris extraction

• High‑speed telemetry (10 kHz)

• Deterministic thermal safety interlocks

inside a temperature‑locked PEEK‑1000 chamber.

All mechanical, electrical, fluidic, and operational parameters are fully specified so any lab can fabricate, assemble, and test a working prototype directly from this document.