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Microscopic Versus Endoscopic Myringotomy With/Without Grommet Insertion, Ajay Mundru, Deviprasad Dosemane, Panduranga M. Kamath, Suja S. Sreedharan

Open Access archive

Aim: Otitis Media with Effusion (OME) in children requires myringotomy, which is usually done under microscope. Use of endoscope in ear surgeries has increased. So we compared outcome of myringotomy under microscope and endoscope. Patients and Methods: Time bound descriptive non-randomized study was done in a tertiary care hospital on 3-13 year’s old children with OME, with ‘B’ type tympanogram. Myringotomy ± grommet insertion was done either under microscope or endoscope. Primary outcome observed was time taken for various steps of procedure. Additional observations like narrow canal, overhang and injury of ear canal; visualization of entire tympanic membrane (TM), satisfactory …

Comparative Study Of Microscope Assisted Tympanoplasty And Endoscope Assisted Tympanoplasty, Rigzing C. Dadul, Deviprasad Dosemane, Panduranga M. Kamath, Suja S. Sreedharan

Open Access archive

Aim: Endomeatal endoscopic tympanoplasty (ET) is a relatively new technique. We wanted to study the feasibility of performing this technique, its outcome using tragal perichondrium (TP) and its cosmetic benefits over the conventional microscopic tympanoplasty (MT) using temporalis fascia (TF). Patients and Methods: Study consisted of 81 patients in total between the age group 7 years to 70 years who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Of these patients, 41 underwent MT using TP, while the remaining 40 underwent ET using TP as graft material. Results: For the graft uptake and hearing gain, ET and MT had similar outcomes, but time taken …

Non-Fermenting Gram Negative Bacteria As Uropathogens In Causing Urinary Tract Infection And Its Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern At A Tertiary Care Centre Of South India, Anupam Berwal, K. L. Shobha, Rohit Gupta, Kriti Gupta

Open Access archive

Non fermenting gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) are recently striving as uropathogens. The present study was conducted to isolate the common species of bacteria in NFGNB causing urinary tract infection (UTI) and its correlation with comorbid conditions and to study the antibacterial susceptibility pattern. This retrospective study was done at the diagnostic Microbiology laboratory of a tertiary care hospital. Urine samples were collected for the period of six months. These samples were plated on blood agar and MacConkey agar and incubated at 37°C for 18–24 hr under aerobic conditions. Identification of NFGNB was done by Gram staining and MALDI-TOF (Matrix- Assisted Laser …

Triple Right Testicular Veins And Their Variant Termination And Communications, Satheesha B. Nayak, Soumya Kodimajalu Vasudeva

Open Access archive

Cardiology; Anatomy; Evidence-based medicine; Radiology; Clinical research; Gonadal vein, Testicular vein, Pampiniform plexus, Varicocele, Testis.

Characterization Of The Cazy Repertoire From The Marine-Derived Fungus Stemphylium Lucomagnoense In Relation To Saline Conditions, Wissal Ben Ali, David Navarro, Abhishek Kumar, Elodie Drula

Open Access archive

Even if the ocean represents a large part of Earth’s surface, only a few studies describe marine-derived fungi compared to their terrestrial homologues. In this ecosystem, marine-derived fungi have had to adapt to the salinity and to the plant biomass composition. This articles studies the growth of five marine isolates and the tuning of lignocellulolytic activities under different conditions, including the salinity. A de novo transcriptome sequencing and assembly were used in combination with a proteomic approach to characterize the Carbohydrate Active Enzymes (CAZy) repertoire of one of these strains. Following these approaches, Stemphylium lucomagnoense was selected for its adapted …

Pharma 4.0–Impact Of The Internet Of Things On Health Care, A. T. Prajwal, B. S. Muddukrishna, S. G. Vasantharaju

Open Access archive

The IoT in health care is currently booming in the world of health care in particular. Industry has risen from generation 1.0 to 4.0 during the Internet of things period. As we remember, we came across the exact submission of the traditional health care system. Each time the patient has needed to visit the clinic/hospitals, even for small complications that may affect the patient's medical costs along with time and energy. One more significant factor is also an emergency; otherwise, she/he/older population was unable to demand urgent assistance from the older system of healthcare. And yet somehow, the situation has …

Microglial Response To Aspergillus Flavus And Candida Albicans: Implications In Endophthalmitis, Jaishree Gandhi, Poonam Naik, Inderjeet Kaur, Ashok Kumar

Open Access archive

Aspergillus flavus is the most common etiology of fungal endophthalmitis in India, while Candida albicans is the causative agent in the West. In this study, we determined the role of microglial cells in evoking an inflammatory response following an infection with A. flavus and C. albicans strains isolated from patients with endophthalmitis. Microglia (CHME-3) cells were infected with A. flavus and C. albicans and the expression of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs), cytokines and Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were assessed at various time intervals. A. flavus infected cells induced higher expressions of TLR-1,-2,-5,-6,-7 and-9 and cytokines such as IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and …

Recognition And Repetition Counting For Local Muscular Endurance Exercises In Exercise-Based Rehabilitation: A Comparative Study Using Artificial Intelligence Models, Ghanashyama Prabhu, Noel E. O’Connor, Kieran Moran

Open Access archive

Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation requires patients to perform a set of certain prescribed exercises a specific number of times. Local muscular endurance exercises are an important part of the rehabilitation program. Automatic exercise recognition and repetition counting, from wearable sensor data, is an important technology to enable patients to perform exercises independently in remote settings, e.g., their own home. In this paper, we first report on a comparison of traditional approaches to exercise recognition and repetition counting (supervised ML and peak detection) with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). We investigated CNN models based on the AlexNet architecture and found that the performance …

Influence Of Transport Properties On The Peristaltic Mhd Jeffrey Fluid Flow Through A Porous Asymmetric Tapered Channel, H. Vaidya, C. Rajashekhar, B. B. Divya, G. Manjunatha

Open Access archive

The current work intends to investigate the magneto-hydrodynamic peristaltic flow of a non-Newtonian fluid through a tapered asymmetric channel. The transport of fluid with variable transport properties (viscosity and thermal conductivity) takes place through a porous medium. The problem is formulated under the basic assumptions of long wavelength and low Reynolds number. The perturbation technique has been implemented to yield the solution for momentum and energy equations. The pumping characteristics such as pressure rise and frictional force have been evaluated by Weddles rule using MATLAB software. The solutions which are graphed indicate that the variable viscosity plays a major role …

Bilateral Simultaneous Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (Crao) In A Patient With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Sle), Kiran Chandran, Shailaja Bhat Shenoy, Chidanand Kulkarni, Namitha Rachel Mathew

Open Access archive

Purpose: The objective of the study is to report a rare case of severe vaso-occlusive retinopathy with bilateral simultaneous Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO) in a patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Observations: A female patient aged 22 years, presented with a sudden onset of painless diminution of vision in both eyes for three weeks. She had systemic features of SLE for six months at the time of the study. A diagnosis of bilateral CRAO was made after an examination of the fundus and by ruling out other causes of severe vaso-occlusion based on clinical and angiogram findings. Her antiphospholipid …

The Global Distribution Of Lymphatic Filariasis, 2000–18: A Geospatial Analysis, Aniruddha Deshpande, Molly K. Miller-Petrie, Kimberly B. Johnson, A. Abdoli

Open Access archive

Background: Lymphatic filariasis is a neglected tropical disease that can cause permanent disability through disruption of the lymphatic system. This disease is caused by parasitic filarial worms that are transmitted by mosquitos. Mass drug administration (MDA) of antihelmintics is recommended by WHO to eliminate lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem. This study aims to produce the first geospatial estimates of the global prevalence of lymphatic filariasis infection over time, to quantify progress towards elimination, and to identify geographical variation in distribution of infection. Methods: A global dataset of georeferenced surveyed locations was used to model annual 2000–18 lymphatic filariasis …

Antimicrobial Peptide Polymers: No Escape To Eskape Pathogens—A Review, Songhita Mukhopadhyay, A. S. Bharath Prasad, Chetan H. Mehta, Usha Y. Nayak

Open Access archive

Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the significant clinical challenges and also an emerging area of concern arising from nosocomial infections of ESKAPE pathogens, which has been on the rise in both the developed and developing countries alike. These pathogens/superbugs can undergo rapid mutagenesis, which helps them to generate resistance against antimicrobials in addition to the patient’s non-adherence to the antibiotic regimen. Sticking to the idea of a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach has led to the inappropriate administration of antibiotics resulting in augmentation of antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are the natural host defense peptides that have gained attention in the …

Design, Usage And Review Of A Cost Effective And Innovative Face Shield In A Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital During Covid-19 Pandemic, Satyam Chaturvedi, Amartya Gupta, Vimal Krishnan S, Anil K. Bhat

Open Access archive

Background: A major challenge of the coronavirus pandemic is personal protective equipment (PPE) shortage. The open source community mobilised solutions to combat this using 3D printing technology. One such solution was the face shield, which protects facial areas from droplet contamination when used by orthopaedic and other front line health care workers (HCWs). Objectives: To assess the efficacy of an in-house developed face shield based on feedback by HCWs and its usage in triaging zones and operation theatre in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A protective face shield was developed and distributed among the orthopaedic surgeons and front line HCWs …

Genetic And Epigenetic Stability Of Stem Cells: Epigenetic Modifiers Modulate The Fate Of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Shikha Sharma, Ramesh Bhonde

Open Access archive

Stem cell research has progressed widely and has been receiving a considerable attention for its advantages and drawbacks. Despite their extensive therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine, they are debatable for their genetic and epigenetic stability. In fact lineage specific differentiation is mediated via epigenetic changes in DNA methylation, acetylation, histone modifications etc. Thus epigenetics plays an important role in stem cell biology. For therapeutic interventions stem cells need to be genetically and epigenetically stable for their maximum paracrine secretions for bringing about expected tissue repair and regeneration. In this review we have focused on the current status of genetic and …

Sensation Seeking And Peer Passenger Influence On Risky Driving Among Novice Drivers In Udupi Taluk, India, P. Swarna Stefy Grace, Kumar Sumit, Neelima Chakraborty

Open Access archive

Background: Sensation Seeking is one of the complex behaviors among novice drivers, which leads to road traffic injuries. Globally, road traffic crashes are a leading cause of death among young people, the main cause of death among those who fall in the age group of 15–29 years. Road traffic injuries are currently estimated to be the ninth leading cause of death across all age groups globally and are predicted to become the seventh leading cause of death by 2030. As per the World Health Organization (WHO) report, low and middle-income countries lose approximately 3% of GDP as a result of …

Yellowstone National Park - Feat Snowmobile Measurements, University Of Denver

Non-Road Vehicle Data

Relevant Publications

Environmental Science & Technology Publication (1999)

Environmental Science & Technology Publication (2001)

Environmental Science & Technology Publication (2005)

1998 Final Report

1999 Final Report

2005 Final Report

A Clinicopathological Study Of Olfactory Neuroblastoma, K. Thripthi Rai, Flora D. Lobo, S. Vijendra Shenoy, K. Sushmitha

Open Access archive

Background: Olfactory neuroblastoma, also known as Esthesioneuroblastoma, is a malignant neoplasm of neuroectodermal origin. In view of its rarity, a clinicopathological study of esthesioneuroblastoma is presented. Aim: Study Olfactory neuroblastoma cases diagnosed in the past ten years in patients attending Otorhinolaryngology outpatient. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore from 2009-18. Patients who attended Otorhinolaryngology outpatient and proven histopathologically to have Olfactory neuroblastoma are included in the study with the exclusion criteria being metastasis of Neuroblastoma to Head and Neck. It is a time-bound study and cases during the study period fulfilling the inclusion …

Information Overload Regarding Covid-19: Adaptation And Validation Of The Cancer Information Overload Scale, Sujit Sarkhel, Ajay Kumar Bakhla, Samir Kumar Praharaj, Malay Kumar Ghosal

Open Access archive

Background: Access to excessive information from multiple sources relating to COVID-19 in a short span of time can have detrimental effects on individuals. Aim: The study aims to validate Corona Information Overload Scale (CoIOS) by adaptation of Cancer Information Overload scale (CIOS) on English speaking Indian citizens. Materials and Methods: An online survey was carried out using Google Form on 300 individuals out of whom 183 responded. The CoIOS was to be filled up. It was an 8 item Likert type scale with responses ranging from “strongly agree” to “strongly disagree.” Results: Principal components analysis showed two components with an …

Literacy-Based Normative Data For Elderly Adults On Linguistic Profile Test In Kannada And Malayalam, Gopee Krishnan, Reema Pujari, Kiran Roy

Open Access archive

Objectives: Literacy is an important variable that can influence the performance of persons with aphasia on language tasks. This study aimed to generate the literacy-based normative data in two Indian languages (Kannada and Malayalam) for a linguistic tool originally designed for adults with acquired language impairment following brain damage-the Linguistic Profile Test (LPT). Methods: The Kannada and Malayalam versions of LPT were administered on 134 and 127 normal speakers of these languages, respectively. The participants were divided into three literacy groups (nonliterates, semiliterates, and literates). The scores on each section of the test as well as the overall scores were …

Aphasia In Neurology Practice: A Survey About Perceptions And Practices, Apoorva Pauranik, Nipun Pauranik, Pinki Singh, Durjoy Lahiri

Open Access archive

Background: Aphasia is one of those clinical conditions, where the role of affiliated professionals, mainly speech language pathologists (SLPs) is substantial in diagnostic assessments, therapy, and rehabilitation. There is no study to focus on neurologists, with respect to their perceptions and practices about aphasia, the disease, as well as the profession of SLP. Objective: To reach out to the neurologist community in India and learn about their perceptions and practices about the nature of the ailment and role of speech language therapy (SLT). Our premise was that observations and inferences from a questionnaire-based survey will be subsequently helpful in planning …

Opportunities And Barriers To Breast Cancer Screening In A Rural Community In Coastal Karnataka, India: A Qualitative Analysis, Thejas R. Kathrikolly, Ranjitha S. Shetty, Suma Nair

Open Access archive

Background: Breast cancer is reported to be the most common cancer among women in India with a high mortality to incidence ratio. Late presentation, driven by lack of awareness and limited accessibility to health services are some of the stated reasons for this. Given this context, this qualitative study was carried out to understand the perception of rural women towards the disease and factors that influenced utilization of available screening services among them. Methods: Forty-four rural women aged 20-60 years from a coastal province in southern India participated in four Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) that were conducted to understand their …

Fever Time Series Analysis Using Slope Entropy. Application To Early Unobtrusive Differential Diagnosis, David Cuesta-Frau, Pradeepa H. Dakappa, Chakrapani Mahabala, Arjun R. Gupta

Open Access archive

Fever is a readily measurable physiological response that has been used in medicine for centuries. However, the information provided has been greatly limited by a plain thresholding approach, overlooking the additional information provided by temporal variations and temperature values below such threshold that are also representative of the subject status. In this paper, we propose to utilize continuous body temperature time series of patients that developed a fever, in order to apply a method capable of diagnosing the specific underlying fever cause only by means of a pattern relative frequency analysis. This analysis was based on a recently proposed measure, …

Institutional Origins Of Covid-19 Public Health Protective Policy Response (Ppi) Data Set V. 1.2 (Countries), Olga Shvetsova, Abdul Basit Adeel, Michael Catalano, Olivia Catalano, Frank Giannelli, Ezgi Muftuoglu, Tara Riggs, Mehmet Halit Sezgin, Naveed Tahir, Julie Vandusky-Allen, Tianyi Zhao, Andrei Zhirnov

Working Papers Series

This is an original dataset of stringency of public health policy measures that were adopted in response to COVID-19 worldwide by governments at different levels January 24 and April 30 2020. The national file includes daily national level aggregates for 64 countries. The regional file includes daily sub-national level aggregates for Canada and the USA. To measure COVID-19 mitigation policy responses, we gathered data on policies that national and subnational policymakers adopted within fifteen public health categories: state of emergency, self-isolation and quarantine, border closures, limits on social gatherings, school closings, closure of entertainment venues, closure of restaurants, closure of …

A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study To Compare Normative Fractional Anisotropy Values With Patients Suffering From Parkinson’S Disease In The Brain Grey And White Matter, Rahul P. Kotian, K. Prakashini, N. Sreekumaran Nair

Open Access archive

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) appears as a sensitive method to study Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathophysiology and severity. Fractional anisotropy (FA) value is one of the scalar derivatives of DTI used to find out anisotropy within a voxel in a tissue and used for determining white matter integrity in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. We studied DTI derived FA in early PD subjects as their routine MRI scans were normal. 40 patients with early PD and 40 healthy controls were employed to evaluate changes in microstructural white and grey matter in the brain’s using DTI derived FA values. Comparison of FA values …

Inkjet Printing Of Paraffin On Paper Allows Low-Cost Point-Of-Care Diagnostics For Pathogenic Fungi, Anusha Prabhu, M. S. Giri Nandagopal, Prakash Peralam Yegneswaran, Hardik Ramesh Singhal

Open Access archive

We present a high resolution, ultra-frugal printing of paper microfluidic devices using in-house paraffin formulation on a simple filter paper. The patterns printed using an office inkjet printer formed a selective hydrophobic barrier of 4 ± 1 µm thickness with a hydrophilic channel width of 275 µm. These printed patterns effectively confine common aqueous solutions and solvents, which was verified by solvent compatibility studies. SEM analysis reveals that the solvent confinement is due to pore blockage in the filter paper. The fabricated paper-based device was validated for qualitative assessment of Candida albicans (pathogenic fungi) by using a combination of L-proline …

Facial Paralysis Following Influenza Vaccination: A Disproportionality Analysis Using The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System Database, Ashwin Kamath, Nivedita Maity, Manel Arjun Nayak

Open Access archive

Background and Objective: Several cases of facial paralysis have been reported following influenza vaccination; however, recent surveillance studies have not shown an increased risk. In this study, we analyzed the vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS) data to determine whether the facial paralysis reporting rate is higher in those who received influenza vaccination compared with those who received other vaccines. Methods: We evaluated reports of facial paralysis in people who received influenza vaccination during January 2015 to October 2019 using Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities Preferred Terms. A disproportionality analysis was performed to determine the proportional reporting ratio (PRR), Chi-square …

The Adverse Effect Of Covid Pandemic On The Care Of Patients With Kidney Diseases In India, Narayan Prasad, Mansi Bhatt, Sanjay K. Agarwal, H. S. Kohli

Open Access archive

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the care of patients with noncommunicable diseases, including those suffering from kidney-related ailments. Many parts of the world, including India, adopted lockdown to curb community transmission of disease. The lockdown affected transportation, access to health care facilities, and availability of medicines and consumables as well as outpatient and inpatient services. We aimed to analyze the effect of lockdown imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic on the care of patients with kidney diseases in India. Methods: We surveyed 19 major hospitals (8 in the public and 11 in the private sector) to …

How To Turn Collectors Of Edible Insects Into Mini-Livestock Farmers: Multidimensional Sustainability Challenges To A Thriving Industry, Sarah Nischalke, Ingo Wagler, Chrysantus Tanga, David Allan, Chama Phankaew, Christian Ratompoarison, Andrianantenaina Razafindrakotomamonjy, Elizabeth Kusia

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Edible insects reared under suitable climatic conditions are an efficient and ecological food source. However, most of the insects come from wild collection and not from farms (FAO, 2013). To establish insects as part of a sustainable food environment, collectors, farmers or small entrepreneurs need to be transformed into mini-livestock farmers, but people who eat or collect insects do not necessarily want to rear them. This paper presents four case studies from Kenya, Madagascar, Myanmar and Thailand, which are in different stages of sector development to show pathways for establishing insect rearing, and the associated economic, resource/ecological and social challenges …

Managing Phosphate Rock To Improve Nutrient Uptake, Phosphorus Use Efficiency, And Carrot Yields, Edwin Mwangi, Catherine Ngamau, John Wesonga, Edward Karanja, Martha Musyoka, Felix Matheri, Komi Fiaboe, David Bautze, Noah Adamtey

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The objectives of this study were to assess (a) the efficiency of lemon and pineapple juices and the concentration and time needed to release more than 50% of available phosphorus from phosphate rock (PR), and (b) the effect of different types of PR management on carrot yields, nutrient uptake, and phosphorus use efficiency. Field trials were set up at two sites with humic andosols and orthic acrisols over two seasons in Kenya. In a randomized complete block design, replicated three times, the following treatments were compared: (i) composted dissolved PR in lemon juice; (ii) powdered PR composted; (iii) dissolved PR …

Insecticide Susceptibility Of Anopheles Gambiae S.L And Identification Of Some Resistance Mechanisms In Kwilu Province In The Democratic Republic Of Congo, Emery Metelo Matubi, Gillon Ilombe Kaounga, Josue Zanga, Guillaume Binene Mbuku, Jean Nguya Kalemba Maniania, Basimike Mulenda, Jonas Nagahuedi Mbongu Sodi, Jean Jacques Muyembe Tamfum, Paul Masiangi

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Introduction: the control of the mosquito malaria vectors by the National Malaria Control Programme of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) relies mainly on the use of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs). However, the widespread emergence of resistance to pyrethroids is jeopardizing this control strategy. The objective of this study is to determine the status and resistance mechanisms involved in Anopheles gambiae s.l. population of DRC. Methods: pre-imaginal stages of An. gambiae s.l. were collected and standard WHO bioassays were performed on adult An.gambiae s.l. reared in the laboratory from larvae collected from different sites in the study area. The bioassays …