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Characterization Of Mycotoxins From Entomopathogenic Fungi (Cordyceps Fumosorosea) And Their Toxic Effects To The Development Of Asian Citrus Psyllid Reared On Healthy And Diseased Citrus Plants, Muhammad Qasim, Saif Ul Islam, Waqar Islam, Ali Noman, Khalid Ali Khan, Muhammad Hafeez, Dilbar Hussain, Chandra Kanta Dash, Bamisope Steve Bamisile, Komivi Senyo Akutse, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Shahid Nisar, Saad Jan, Liande Wang Dec 2020

Characterization Of Mycotoxins From Entomopathogenic Fungi (Cordyceps Fumosorosea) And Their Toxic Effects To The Development Of Asian Citrus Psyllid Reared On Healthy And Diseased Citrus Plants, Muhammad Qasim, Saif Ul Islam, Waqar Islam, Ali Noman, Khalid Ali Khan, Muhammad Hafeez, Dilbar Hussain, Chandra Kanta Dash, Bamisope Steve Bamisile, Komivi Senyo Akutse, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Shahid Nisar, Saad Jan, Liande Wang

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Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) produce multiple mycotoxins, which play an essential role in improving fungal pathogenesis and virulence. To characterize various mycotoxins from the crude methanol extract of Cordyceps fumosorosea, a major EPF against various insect pests, we performed ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometer (UPLC-QTOF MS) technique, and all compounds were identified through molecular mass and formulae. Bassianolide was assessed against the nymphs and adults of Diaphorina citri reared on healthy and Huánglóngbìng (HLB)-diseased Citrus spp. Plants under laboratory conditions. Overall, 17 compounds were identified from the fungal extract and categorized into three groups, i.e. …

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Reconciling Yield Gains In Agronomic Trials With Returns Under African Smallholder Conditions, Rachid Laajaj, Karen Macours, Cargele Masso, Moses Thuita, Bernard Vanlauwe Dec 2020

Reconciling Yield Gains In Agronomic Trials With Returns Under African Smallholder Conditions, Rachid Laajaj, Karen Macours, Cargele Masso, Moses Thuita, Bernard Vanlauwe

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Increased adoption of improved agricultural technologies is considered an essential step to address global poverty and hunger, and agronomic trials suggest intensification in developing countries could result in large yield gains. Yet the promise of new technologies does not always carry over from trials to real-life conditions, and diffusion of many technologies remains limited. We show how parcel and farmer selection, together with behavioural responses in agronomic trials, can explain why yield gain estimates from trials may differ from the yield gains of smallholders using the same inputs under real-life conditions. We provide quantitative evidence by exploiting variation in farmer …

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Mitochondrial Genetic Variation Reveals Phylogeographic Structure And Cryptic Diversity In Trioza Erytreae, Inusa Ajene, Gerhard Pietersen, Barbara Van Asch Dec 2020

Mitochondrial Genetic Variation Reveals Phylogeographic Structure And Cryptic Diversity In Trioza Erytreae, Inusa Ajene, Gerhard Pietersen, Barbara Van Asch

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Trioza erytreae is the main vector for ‘Candidatus Liberibacter africanus’, the causative agent of African Citrus Greening disease. The insect is widespread in Africa, and has recently disseminated to Southwestern Europe. This study aimed at generating reference mitogenome sequences for T. erytreae, as a background for future genetic diversity surveys. Complete mitochondrial sequences of three specimens collected in Ethiopia, Uganda and South Africa were recovered using Ion Torrent technology. The mitogenomes of T. erytreae from Uganda and Ethiopia were highly similar, and distinct from that found in South Africa. The phylogeographic structure of T. erytreae was assessed using genetic clustering …

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Detection Of Fire Smoke Plumes Based On Aerosol Scattering Using Viirs Data Over Global Fire-Prone Regions, Xiaoman Lu, Fangjun Li, Xiaoyang Zhang Dec 2020

Detection Of Fire Smoke Plumes Based On Aerosol Scattering Using Viirs Data Over Global Fire-Prone Regions, Xiaoman Lu, Fangjun Li, Xiaoyang Zhang

Global Land Surface Season Data Sets

The data is for the paper of Detection of Fire Smoke Plumes Based on Aerosol Scattering Using VIIRS Data over Global Fire-prone Regions, which is submitted to “Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmosphere

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Transonic Small-Disturbance Theory/Integral Boundary Layer Airfoil Data For The Low-Fidelity Common Research Model, Jeffrey D. Taylor, Douglas Hunsaker Dec 2020

Transonic Small-Disturbance Theory/Integral Boundary Layer Airfoil Data For The Low-Fidelity Common Research Model, Jeffrey D. Taylor, Douglas Hunsaker

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Lift, Drag, and Moment Coefficient data for the Low-Fidelity Common Research Model wing airfoil sections.

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Lower Limb Motor Function And Hip Muscle Weakness In Stroke Survivors And Their Relationship With Pelvic Tilt, Weight-Bearing Asymmetry, And Gait Speed: A Cross-Sectional Study, Vishakha Darak, Suruliraj Karthikbabu Dec 2020

Lower Limb Motor Function And Hip Muscle Weakness In Stroke Survivors And Their Relationship With Pelvic Tilt, Weight-Bearing Asymmetry, And Gait Speed: A Cross-Sectional Study, Vishakha Darak, Suruliraj Karthikbabu

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Background: Poor motor recovery of hip muscles affect the walking post-stroke. The study objective was to examine how lower extremity motor function and hip muscle weakness are related to weight-bearing asymmetry (WBA), excessive pelvic tilt, and gait speed in stroke survivors. Methods: Eighty patients with chronic stroke, a mean and standard deviation (SD) of post-stroke duration of 350 ± 664 days, age of 30-70 years, independent standing, and 10-meter walking capacity participated in the study. Hip muscular strength was measured using a handheld dynamometer (HHD) and motor function was assessed by Fugl-Meyer Assessment of lower extremity (FMA-LE). The WBA was …

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Living Environment And Health Of Under-Five Children In Urban Slums Of A Coastal Region In South India, V. R. Roja, Prakash Narayanan, Varalakshmi Chandra Sekaran, M. G. Ajith Kumar Dec 2020

Living Environment And Health Of Under-Five Children In Urban Slums Of A Coastal Region In South India, V. R. Roja, Prakash Narayanan, Varalakshmi Chandra Sekaran, M. G. Ajith Kumar

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Objective: The primary objective of the study was to determine the association between the living environment and morbidity, nutritional status, immunization status, and personal hygiene of under-five children living in urban slums in southern India. Methods: This study included 224 mothers of under-five children living in urban slums of Udupi Taluk, Karnataka. A total of 17 urban slums were selected randomly using random cluster sampling. Results: Undernutrition was high among children of illiterate mothers (63.8%), and the children of working mothers were affected by more morbidity (96.6%) as compared with housewives. Morbidity was also found to be high among children …

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Evaluation Of Wound Healing Activity Of An Ethanolic Extract Of Anacardium Occidentale Leaves In Wistar Rats, K. Meena Kumari, Amberkar Mohanbabu Vittalrao, Charitha, S. E. Praveen Kumar Dec 2020

Evaluation Of Wound Healing Activity Of An Ethanolic Extract Of Anacardium Occidentale Leaves In Wistar Rats, K. Meena Kumari, Amberkar Mohanbabu Vittalrao, Charitha, S. E. Praveen Kumar

Open Access archive

This study undertaken to screen a potential wound healing activity of an ethanolic extract of Anacardium occidentale (Ao)leaves in Wistar rats. Excision wound of 500mm2created on the back of Wistar rats. A total of thirty adult Wistar rats were prescreened and divided into five groups of six rats each. Group I and II rats were treated by normal saline (control) and povidone-iodine (standard drug), respectively. Group III and IV with 0.5% and 2% of Anacardium occidentale ointment (test drugs), respectively, and Group V rats treated with anti-wound healer drug dexamethasone, i.m. + 2% Anacardium occidentale. All drugs were applied topically …

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Awareness And Practices Of Complementary And Alternative Medicine Among Paediatric Patients Visiting Two Tertiary Care Hospitals In Mangaluru: An Interview Based Study, Meghana Tiwary, Amrita Parida, V. Manju Dec 2020

Awareness And Practices Of Complementary And Alternative Medicine Among Paediatric Patients Visiting Two Tertiary Care Hospitals In Mangaluru: An Interview Based Study, Meghana Tiwary, Amrita Parida, V. Manju

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This study aims to find out the details of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use in children, including factors favouring their use and concomitant usage of allopathic drugs along with CAM. The study also analyses the communication between allopathic practitioners and patients regarding utilization of CAM. It was an interview based study based on a semi-structured interview. The study sample included parents of children waiting in the paediatric outpatient department. A total of 200 parents were interviewed. Though most of the parents were aware about CAM, around 10% parents were ignorant. Ayurveda was the most commonly used CAM followed by …

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Metabolic Control Of Cellular Immune-Competency By Odors In Drosophila, Sukanya Madhwal, Mingyu Shin, Ankita Kapoor, Manisha Goyal Dec 2020

Metabolic Control Of Cellular Immune-Competency By Odors In Drosophila, Sukanya Madhwal, Mingyu Shin, Ankita Kapoor, Manisha Goyal

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No abstract provided.

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Numerical Analysis Of Polymer Composites For Actuation, Shivashankar Hiremath, Vidyashree Sangappa, Sangamesh Rajole, Satyabodh Kulkarni Dec 2020

Numerical Analysis Of Polymer Composites For Actuation, Shivashankar Hiremath, Vidyashree Sangappa, Sangamesh Rajole, Satyabodh Kulkarni

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The design of a polymer composite actuator is essential for micro and nano applications. Thus, the composite material may deform or deflects as specific stimuli are applied, such as heat, electrical, light source, etc. The deformation of the composite material is caused by the type of stimulus applied. Hence, while it is heated, the expansion takes place quickly, and the heating is shut down, the material shrinks very slowly. In the present investigation, this phenomenon is mainly studied in the actuation of composite beams. Numerical analysis of carbon black filled polymer composite beam expansion, and contraction is being analyzed in …

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Hospital Acquired Bloodstream Infection By Multi Drug Resistant Organisms-Alarming And Challenging Issue In The Intensive Care Units At Present Era, Barnini Banerjee, Soumayan Mondal, Vandana Kalwaje Eshwara, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay Dec 2020

Hospital Acquired Bloodstream Infection By Multi Drug Resistant Organisms-Alarming And Challenging Issue In The Intensive Care Units At Present Era, Barnini Banerjee, Soumayan Mondal, Vandana Kalwaje Eshwara, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay

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Hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (BSIs) cause high mortality in the intensive care units (ICUs) compared to wards. Furthermore, the isolation of multidrug resistant (MDR) organisms in ICUs add to the gravity of the condition making the treatment a bigger challenge. The present study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence, spread, and the possible MDR organisms contributing to ICU-acquired BSI & the source of the secondary BSI in the ICUs. A prospective study was conducted in four ICU of tertiary teaching hospital over a period of six months. Patient that developed features of BSI within 48 hours after hospital admission were included …

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Ms-275, A Class 1 Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Augments Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonism To Improve Glycemic Control And Reduce Obesity In Diet-Induced Obese Mice, Shilpak Bele, Shravan Babu Girada, Aramita Ray, Abhishek Gupta Dec 2020

Ms-275, A Class 1 Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Augments Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonism To Improve Glycemic Control And Reduce Obesity In Diet-Induced Obese Mice, Shilpak Bele, Shravan Babu Girada, Aramita Ray, Abhishek Gupta

Open Access archive

Given its glycemic efficacy and ability to reduce the body weight, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonism has emerged as a preferred treatment for diabetes associated with obesity. We here report that a small-molecule Class 1 histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor Entinostat (MS-275) enhances GLP-1R agonism to potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and decrease body weight in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. MS-275 is not an agonist or allosteric activator of GLP-1R but enhances the sustained receptor-mediated signaling through the modulation of the expression of proteins involved in the signaling pathway. MS-275 and liraglutide combined therapy improved fasting glycemia upon short-term treatment and …

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Micro- And Macro-Level Factors Determining Financial Performance Of Uae Insurance Companies, Soumya Sasidharan, V. K. Ranjith, Sunitha Prabhuram Dec 2020

Micro- And Macro-Level Factors Determining Financial Performance Of Uae Insurance Companies, Soumya Sasidharan, V. K. Ranjith, Sunitha Prabhuram

Open Access archive

The research aims to analyze the firm-specific and macroeconomic factors that affect insurance company's financial performance. The‎research explores the variables that influence the financial performance of the United Arab Emirates (UAE)’ insurance companies. The‎analysis for determining financial performance considers the following variables: the firm's age, retention ratio, capital adequacy, underwriting‎risk/loss ratio, financial-leverage, reinsurance dependency, and macro-economic factors such as GDP per capita, inflation rate considered‎as independent factors. The return-on-asset (ROA) is the key measuring indicator; it is regarded as the dependent variable for financial‎performance measures. The research focuses on secondary information obtained from insurance companies’ financial statements. The‎researcher targeted 18 …

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Magnetoelectric Coupling In Bismuth Ferrite—Challenges And Perspectives, N. V. Srihari, K. B. Vinayakumar, K. K. Nagaraja Dec 2020

Magnetoelectric Coupling In Bismuth Ferrite—Challenges And Perspectives, N. V. Srihari, K. B. Vinayakumar, K. K. Nagaraja

Open Access archive

Multiferroic materials belong to the sub-group of ferroics possessing two or more ferroic orders in the same phase. Aizu first coined the term multiferroics in 1969. Of late, several multiferroic materials’ unique and robust characteristics have shown great potential for various applications. Notably, the coexisting magnetic and electrical ordering results in the Magnetoelectric effect (ME), wherein the electrical polarization can be manipulated by magnetic fields and magnetization by electric fields. Currently, more significant interests lie in significantly enhancing the ME coupling facilitating the realization of Spintronic devices, which makes use of the transport phenomenon of spin-polarized electrons. On the other …

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Serotonin 2a (5-Ht2a) Receptor Affects Cell–Matrix Adhesion And The Formation And Maintenance Of Stress Fibers In Hek293 Cells, Joe Anand Kumar John Jayakumar, Mitradas M. Panicker, Basudha Basu Dec 2020

Serotonin 2a (5-Ht2a) Receptor Affects Cell–Matrix Adhesion And The Formation And Maintenance Of Stress Fibers In Hek293 Cells, Joe Anand Kumar John Jayakumar, Mitradas M. Panicker, Basudha Basu

Open Access archive

5-HT2A, a G-protein coupled receptor, is widely expressed in the human body, including in the gastrointestinal tract, platelets and the nervous system. It mediates various functions, for e.g. learning, memory, mood regulation, platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction, but its involvement in cell-adhesion remains largely unknown. Here we report a novel role for 5-HT2A in cell–matrix adhesion. In HEK293 cells, which are loosely adherent, expression and stimulation of human or rat 5-HT2A receptor by agonists such as serotonin or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI) led to a significant increase in adhesion, while inhibition of 5-HT2A by antipsychotics, such as risperidone, olanzapine or chlorpromazine prevented it. …

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Nanoparticle Technology And Its Implications In Endodontics: A Review, Natasha Raura, Anirudh Garg, Arpit Arora, M. Roma Dec 2020

Nanoparticle Technology And Its Implications In Endodontics: A Review, Natasha Raura, Anirudh Garg, Arpit Arora, M. Roma

Open Access archive

Background: The era of Nanomaterials has had a long lasting impression in the field of medical science. It’s excellent use in medicine has led to its application in dental science. Serious concerns regarding the eradication of microbial biofilms from the root canal system still exists in the field of endodontics. Nanoparticles have proven to be much more efficient with good bonding capabilities and surface chemistry as compared to the conventional materials. The practical applications of nanotechnology in endodontics has led to future prospects in research in this field. Main body: Nanoparticles in endodontics have shown promising results. The various nanoaprticles …

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Immunoproteomics Approach Revealed Elevated Autoantibody Levels Against Anxa1 In Early Stage Gallbladder Carcinoma, Javed Akhtar, Ratna Priya, Vaishali Jain, Puja Sakhuja Dec 2020

Immunoproteomics Approach Revealed Elevated Autoantibody Levels Against Anxa1 In Early Stage Gallbladder Carcinoma, Javed Akhtar, Ratna Priya, Vaishali Jain, Puja Sakhuja

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Background: Early diagnosis is important for the timely treatment of gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) patients and may lead to increased survival outcomes. Here, we have applied serological proteome analysis (SERPA), an immunoproteomics approach, for the detection of ‘tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) that elicit humoral response’ in early stage GBC patients. Methods: Total protein from pooled tumor tissue of GBC patients (n = 7) was resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by immunoblotting using pooled blood plasma from healthy volunteers (n = 11) or gallstone disease (GSD) cases (n = 11) or early stage GBC (Stage I and II) (n = 5) …

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The Process 2020 Guideline: Updating Consensus Preferred Reporting Of Case Series In Surgery (Process) Guidelines, Riaz A. Agha, Catrin Sohrabi, Ginimol Mathew, Thomas Franchi Dec 2020

The Process 2020 Guideline: Updating Consensus Preferred Reporting Of Case Series In Surgery (Process) Guidelines, Riaz A. Agha, Catrin Sohrabi, Ginimol Mathew, Thomas Franchi

Open Access archive

Introduction: The PROCESS Guidelines were first published in 2016 and were last updated in 2018. They provide a structure for reporting surgical case series in order to increase reporting robustness and transparency, and are used and endorsed by authors, journal editors and reviewers alike. In order to drive forwards reporting quality, they must be kept up to date. As such, we have updated these guidelines via a DELPHI consensus exercise. Methods: The updated guidelines were produced via a DELPHI consensus exercise. Members from the previous DELPHI group were again invited, alongside editorial board members and peer reviewers of the International …

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The Scare 2020 Guideline: Updating Consensus Surgical Case Report (Scare) Guidelines, Riaz A. Agha, Thomas Franchi, Catrin Sohrabi, Ginimol Mathew Dec 2020

The Scare 2020 Guideline: Updating Consensus Surgical Case Report (Scare) Guidelines, Riaz A. Agha, Thomas Franchi, Catrin Sohrabi, Ginimol Mathew

Open Access archive

Introduction: The SCARE Guidelines were first published in 2016 and were last updated in 2018. They provide a structure for reporting surgical case reports and are used and endorsed by authors, journal editors and reviewers, in order to increase robustness and transparency in reporting surgical cases. They must be kept up to date in order to drive forwards reporting quality. As such, we have updated these guidelines via a DELPHI consensus exercise. Methods: The updated guidelines were produced via a DELPHI consensus exercise. Members were invited from the previous DELPHI group, as well as editorial board members and peer reviewers …

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A Systematic Study Of The Prevalence And Risk Factors Of Ckd In Uddanam, India, Balaji Gummidi, Oommen John, Arpita Ghosh, Gopesh K. Modi Dec 2020

A Systematic Study Of The Prevalence And Risk Factors Of Ckd In Uddanam, India, Balaji Gummidi, Oommen John, Arpita Ghosh, Gopesh K. Modi

Open Access archive

Introduction: Despite reports of a high prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) from the coastal Uddanam region of Andhra Pradesh, India, there are no accurate data on the distribution of kidney function abnormalities and CKD risk factors in this region. Methods: A total of 2419 participants were recruited through multistage cluster random sampling from 67 villages. Serum creatinine and urine protein creatinine ratio were measured using validated methodologies. All abnormal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine protein creatinine ratio values were reconfirmed after 3 months. A range of sociodemographic factors were evaluated for their association with CKD using Poisson …

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Hydrodissection And Hydrodelineation Of Hamstring Tendons: Novel Technique For Graft Harvesting, Surendra Umesh Kamath, Krithika Kamath Dec 2020

Hydrodissection And Hydrodelineation Of Hamstring Tendons: Novel Technique For Graft Harvesting, Surendra Umesh Kamath, Krithika Kamath

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Hamstring graft harvest is an important step in modern day arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery. Various techniques of hamstring graft harvest has been reported. We have described a novel method of graft harvesting which eases the identification of the desired tendons and offers protection to saphenous nerve and superficial medial collateral ligament, which could be damaged. Our method is easy to perform after some training and does not require any additional equipment. It is also reproducible as the structures over the medial side of the tibia have a consistent anatomic pattern.

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Assessing Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Screening Inequalities In India Using Lot Quality Assurance Sampling, Devaki Nambiar, Soumyadeep Bhaumik, Anita Pal, Rajani Ved Dec 2020

Assessing Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Screening Inequalities In India Using Lot Quality Assurance Sampling, Devaki Nambiar, Soumyadeep Bhaumik, Anita Pal, Rajani Ved

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Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality in India. India has rolled out Comprehensive Primary Health Care (CPHC) reforms including population based screening for hypertension and diabetes, facilitated by frontline health workers. Our study assessed blood pressure and blood sugar coverage achieved by frontline workers using Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS). Methods: LQAS Supervision Areas were defined as catchments covered by frontline workers in primary health centres in two districts each of Uttar Pradesh and Delhi. In each Area, 19 households for each of four sampling universes (males, females, Above Poverty Line (APL) and Below Poverty Line …

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How Views Of Oncologists And Haematologists Impacts Palliative Care Referral: A Systematic Review, Naveen Salins, Arunangshu Ghoshal, Sean Hughes, Nancy Preston Dec 2020

How Views Of Oncologists And Haematologists Impacts Palliative Care Referral: A Systematic Review, Naveen Salins, Arunangshu Ghoshal, Sean Hughes, Nancy Preston

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Background: Worldwide, many patients with cancer, are infrequently referred to palliative care or are referred late. Oncologists and haematologists may act as gatekeepers, and their views may facilitate or hinder referrals to palliative care. This review aimed to identify, explore and synthesise their views on referrals systematically. Methods: Databases of MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane were searched for articles from 01/01/1990 to 31/12/2019. All studies were scored for their methodological rigour using Hawker’s tool. Findings were synthesised using Popay’s narrative synthesis method and interpreted using a critical realist lens and social exchange theory. Results: Out …

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Identifying Opportunities For Antimicrobial Stewardship Through A Point Prevalence Survey In An Indian Tertiary-Care Teaching Hospital, Zabiuddin Ahad Mohammed, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay, Muralidhar Varma, Vandana Kalwaje Eshwara Dec 2020

Identifying Opportunities For Antimicrobial Stewardship Through A Point Prevalence Survey In An Indian Tertiary-Care Teaching Hospital, Zabiuddin Ahad Mohammed, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay, Muralidhar Varma, Vandana Kalwaje Eshwara

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Objectives: Unregulated and inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents has been a major driver of antimicrobial resistance with a dangerous impact on health issues in developing nations. We report an audit of antimicrobial use patterns in a tertiary-care teaching hospital in order to identify opportunities for antimicrobial stewardship. Methods: A point prevalence survey was conducted to study the use of ten selected antibiotics in various adult inpatient facilities. Patient characteristics as well as indications and patterns of antibiotic prescription were recorded. Results: A total of 188 patients received any one of the survey antibiotics, accounting for 43% of patients admitted under …

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Population Structure And Diet Generalism Define A Preliminary Ecological Profile Of Zoonotic Virus Hosts In The Western Ghats, India, Michael G. Walsh, Shah Hossain Dec 2020

Population Structure And Diet Generalism Define A Preliminary Ecological Profile Of Zoonotic Virus Hosts In The Western Ghats, India, Michael G. Walsh, Shah Hossain

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The rainforests of the Western Ghats exhibit some of the highest biodiversity on the planet, and yet are undergoing rapid land use change due to the expansion of agriculture and other industries. As the landscape of the region is transformed, more people are coming into conflict with wildlife and becoming exposed to pathogens that previously circulated beyond the boundaries of human incursion. Despite an ecological knowledge imperative, this emerging landscape is ill-defined with respect to the ecology of zoonotic viruses and their mammalian wildlife hosts. Without a better understanding of the underlying infection ecology, the epidemiology of viral spillover will …

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Radiation Mitigating Activities Of Psidium Guajava L. Against Whole-Body X-Ray-Induced Damages In Albino Wistar Rat Model, Amith Kumar, Reshma Kumarchandra, Rajalakshmi Rai, Vasavi Kumblekar Dec 2020

Radiation Mitigating Activities Of Psidium Guajava L. Against Whole-Body X-Ray-Induced Damages In Albino Wistar Rat Model, Amith Kumar, Reshma Kumarchandra, Rajalakshmi Rai, Vasavi Kumblekar

Open Access archive

In the present study, we investigated radiation mitigating activities of Psidium guajava L. (P. guajava) against whole-body X- ray induced damages in albino Wistar rat model. The animals were orally administered with 200 mg/kg bodyweight of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of P. guajava for five consecutive days and on the fifth day, after the last dose of extract administration, animals were exposed to 4 Gy of X-rays. Rats were sacrificed 24 h post X–ray irradiation. The radiomitigating activity of the herb extract was assessed by micronucleus assay, histopathology of the small intestine and hematological parameters. Hepatic cyclooxygenase–2 (COX-2), interleukin–6 (IL-6) and …

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Lysophosphatidic Acid-Rage Axis Promotes Lung And Mammary Oncogenesis Via Protein Kinase B And Regulating Tumor Microenvironment, Rashmi Ray, Nitish Jangde, Satyendra Kumar Singh, Sunita Sinha Dec 2020

Lysophosphatidic Acid-Rage Axis Promotes Lung And Mammary Oncogenesis Via Protein Kinase B And Regulating Tumor Microenvironment, Rashmi Ray, Nitish Jangde, Satyendra Kumar Singh, Sunita Sinha

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Background: Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a multi-ligand transmembrane receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a ligand for RAGE and is involved in physiological and pathophysiological conditions including cancer. However, RAGE-LPA axis is unexplored in lung and mammary cancer. Methods: RAGE was silenced in A549, MDA MB-231 and MCF7 using RAGE shRNA. For in vitro tumorigenesis, we performed wound healing, colony formation, cell proliferation and invasion assays. Evaluation of expression of oncogenes, EMT markers and downstream signaling molecules was done by using western blot and immunohistochemistry. For subcellular expression of RAGE, immunofluorescence was done. …

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Mazef-Rifampicin Interaction Suggests A Mechanism For Rifampicin Induced Inhibition Of Persisters, Cyrus Alexander, Ankeeta Guru, Pinkilata Pradhan, Sunanda Mallick Dec 2020

Mazef-Rifampicin Interaction Suggests A Mechanism For Rifampicin Induced Inhibition Of Persisters, Cyrus Alexander, Ankeeta Guru, Pinkilata Pradhan, Sunanda Mallick

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Background: Persistence is a natural phenomenon whereby a subset of a population of isogenic bacteria either grow slow or become dormant conferring them with the ability to withstand various stresses including antibiotics. In a clinical setting bacterial persistence often leads to the recalcitrance of various infections increasing the treatment time and cost. Additionally, some studies also indicate that persistence can also pave way for the emergence of resistant strains. In a laboratory setting this persistent phenotype is enriched in nutritionally deprived environments. Consequently, in a batch culture the late stationary phase is enriched with persistent bacteria. The mechanism of persister …

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Effect Of Vitamin A, Calcium And Vitamin D Fortification And Supplementation On Nutritional Status Of Women: An Overview Of Systematic Reviews, Eti Rajwar, Shradha S. Parsekar, Bhumika Tumkur Venkatesh, Zinnia Sharma Dec 2020

Effect Of Vitamin A, Calcium And Vitamin D Fortification And Supplementation On Nutritional Status Of Women: An Overview Of Systematic Reviews, Eti Rajwar, Shradha S. Parsekar, Bhumika Tumkur Venkatesh, Zinnia Sharma

Open Access archive

Background: Micronutrient deficiency affects the health and development of vulnerable population such as children and pregnant women. Measures such as fortification of food and supplementation have been implemented to prevent or control deficiencies related to micronutrients. Objective: To assess the effect of vitamin A, vitamin D, and calcium fortification and supplementation on nutritional status of women in reproductive age group. To assess the toxicities and adverse events related to intervention. Methodology: Systematic reviews including RCTs on women of reproductive age group provided with vitamin A, vitamin D, and calcium supplementation or fortified food were included, to report all malnutrition-related outcomes …

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