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Cost Of Tsetse Trapping Using The Ng2g Trap: A Case Study In Kenya, George Tombe Lako Jan 1998

Cost Of Tsetse Trapping Using The Ng2g Trap: A Case Study In Kenya, George Tombe Lako

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

In a study to determine the costs of tsetse trapping in terms of construction materials, labour, transport and maintenance, two hundred forty-six traps used to control Glossina pallidipes in an area of 100 square kilometres at Nguruman, Kenya were evaluated from November 1990 to July 1992. The total cost of materials, labour and servicing per trap per year, was US$ 30.6 which, at that time was equivalent to 1071 Kenya shillings. ©1998ICIPE.

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Effect Of Species, Age, And Sex Of Tsetse On Response To Infection By Metarhizium Anisopliae, Nguya K. Maniania, Adedapo Odulaja Jan 1998

Effect Of Species, Age, And Sex Of Tsetse On Response To Infection By Metarhizium Anisopliae, Nguya K. Maniania, Adedapo Odulaja

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Laboratory studies were carried out to determine the effect of sex and age on the susceptibility of tsetse, Glossina morsitans morsitans and G. m. centralis, to the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae. Both species of host flies were susceptible to fungal infection. Female flies were generally more susceptible than male flies. Three host ages (40, 20, and <1 day-old) were used; the youngest group was most resistant to fungal infection. Interactions between species, sex and age were significant on many occasions. Age usually accounted for the largest variability in mortality, followed by sex. All flies of age 40 days died between 7 and 8 days after infection whereas some of the younger flies, especially age 0, lived longer than 10 days. Log10 day probit (LDP) mortality regressions fitted well to most of the data sets. LDP slopes were significant and high, ranging between 4.3 and 12.8, indicating a generally high mortality rate of increase over days. The slopes differed significantly between species, sexes, and ages, but grouping by age was more intra homogeneous than by species or sex. The 50% lethal time mortalities (LT50) ranged between 4 and 7 days for age 0, 3 and 6 days for age 20, and about 5 days for age 40. Corresponding ranges of the LT95 were 8 to 20, 5 to 10, and 6 to 7 days for ages 0, 20 and 40, respectively. The significance of these results in the fungal disease transmission by tsetse is discussed.

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Brood Guarding Behavior And Life History Characteristics Of Goniozus Indicus Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), A Larval Ectoparasitoid Of Lepidopteran Stemborers, Keiji Takasu, William A. Overholt Jan 1998

Brood Guarding Behavior And Life History Characteristics Of Goniozus Indicus Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), A Larval Ectoparasitoid Of Lepidopteran Stemborers, Keiji Takasu, William A. Overholt

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Brood guarding behavior and life history characteristics of Goniozus indicus Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) were examined in the laboratory. Longevity was increased when females were provided host frass, and females reared in association with hosts lived longer than females maintained separately from hosts. Females that were allowed free access to hosts oviposited at intervals of one to eight days and never parasitized more than one host per day. Females laid 5-25 eggs per host, and life time fecundity was 15-52 eggs at 25°C, 7-60 eggs at 28°C, and 5-25 eggs at 31°C. Females exhibited egg guarding behavior, remaining with the hosts …

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The Effects Of A Dna Virus Infection On The Reproductive Otential Of Female Tsetse Flies, Glossina Morsitans Centralis And Glossina Morsitans Morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae), Rosemary C. Sang, Walter G.Z.O. Jura, Leonard H. Otieno, Richard W. Mwangi Jan 1998

The Effects Of A Dna Virus Infection On The Reproductive Otential Of Female Tsetse Flies, Glossina Morsitans Centralis And Glossina Morsitans Morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae), Rosemary C. Sang, Walter G.Z.O. Jura, Leonard H. Otieno, Richard W. Mwangi

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Reproductive anomalies associated with the tsetse DNA virus infection in the female tsetse hosts, Glossina morsitans centralis Machado and Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood, inoculated with the virus during the 3rd instar larval stage were studied and the data compared to those obtained from the control females injected with sterile physiological saline. Virus infected flies had significantly longer first and second pregnancy cycles (P<0.0001) and produced pupae that were of significantly less weight in milligrams (P<-0.0001) compared to controls. Transmission of the virus to progeny was not absolute and only 21% of G. m. centralis and 48% of G. m. morsitans first progeny flies from infected females developed salivary gland hypertrophy as a result of transmission from mother to progeny. The virus infected females produced significantly fewere pupae compared to the controls during the experimental period (P<0.00001).

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Fat Body Triacylglycerol Lipase In Solitary And Gregarious Phases Of Schistocerca Gregaria (Forskal) (Orthoptera: Acrididae), Dorington O. Ogoyi, Ellie O. Osir, Norah K. Olembo Jan 1998

Fat Body Triacylglycerol Lipase In Solitary And Gregarious Phases Of Schistocerca Gregaria (Forskal) (Orthoptera: Acrididae), Dorington O. Ogoyi, Ellie O. Osir, Norah K. Olembo

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The activities of the fat body triacylglycerol lipase were determined using 14C-trioleoylglycerol. Resting activities were estimated at 1.98 ± 0.24 and 1.95 ± 0.53 nmol free fatty acid (FFA)/hr/mg protein for gregarious and solitary locusts, respectively. Administration of adipokinetic hormone (AKH) I led to the activation of lipase with peak activities occurring after 30 min. In the solitary locusts, activities of 2.28 ± 0.16 and 2.30 ± 0.43 nmol FFA/hr/mg were obtained following administration of 10 and 2 pmol AKH I, respectively. In the gregarious locusts, enzyme activities of 3.17 ± 0.66 and 2.47 ± 0.39 nmol FFA/hr/mg were obtained …

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Suitability Of Busseola Fusca And Sesamia Calamistis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) For The Development Of Two Populations Of Cotesia Sesamiae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) In Kenya, A. J. Ngi-Song, W. A. Overholt, R. Stouthamer Jan 1998

Suitability Of Busseola Fusca And Sesamia Calamistis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) For The Development Of Two Populations Of Cotesia Sesamiae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) In Kenya, A. J. Ngi-Song, W. A. Overholt, R. Stouthamer

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The suitability of Sesamia calamistis Hampson and Busseola fusca (Fuller) for the development of two geographical populations of Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron) was examined in the laboratory. One population of the parasitoid was collected from the coast of Kenya and the other from the inland. Both populations of the parasitoid could develop on S. calamistis. On B. fusca, the inland population of C. sesamiae was able to develop, while the population from the coastal area of Kenya was encapsulated. Mating studies revealed that the two parasitoid populations were partially reproductively isolated. Unidirectional incompatibility, possibly caused by the Wolbachia infection, was observed …

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The Magnitude Of Site And Time Interaction Effect In Tsetse Fly (Diptera: Glossinidae) Trap Catches, A. Odulaja, S. Mihok, I. M. Abu-Zinid Jan 1998

The Magnitude Of Site And Time Interaction Effect In Tsetse Fly (Diptera: Glossinidae) Trap Catches, A. Odulaja, S. Mihok, I. M. Abu-Zinid

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Site and time effects are important factors determining trap catches of tsetse flies. These factors may interact significantly and therefore confound interpretation of time series data used for population monitoring. We therefore investigated the magnitude and importance of site x time interactions in trap catches of Glossina pallidipes Austen and G. longipennis Corti using a 2200 trap-days (400 trap-months) data set. The interaction was found to be significant (P < 0.05) in 46-100% of the combinations of different numbers of months and sites between 2 and 12. The mean percent variance due to the interaction ranged between 4% and 28% for G. pallidipes and 12% and 36% for G. longipennis. The interaction was usually less important than the effect of site alone but more important than the effect of time alone. These results suggest that tsetse researchers should examine critically the adequacy of existing approaches to population monitoring with traps and to testing new traps and odour baits.

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Morphological Study Of Cultivated Cowpea Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp. Importance Of Ovule Number And Definition Of Cv Gr Melanophthalmus, Rémy Stéphane Pasquet Jan 1998

Morphological Study Of Cultivated Cowpea Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp. Importance Of Ovule Number And Definition Of Cv Gr Melanophthalmus, Rémy Stéphane Pasquet

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

More than 400 cultivated cowpea accessions were studied using 29 morphophysiological characters. The analysis of data contrasts evolved cultivars and more primitive cultivars (and wild forms) according to seed size on the one hand and early and late flowering (under inductive conditions) on the other hand. The latter character is markedly correlated with ovule number. Photosensitive and early-flowering photoindependent cultivars have 11-17 ovules per pod and late flowering photoindependent cultivars have 16-25 ovules per pod. The analysis leads to assigning the accessions studied to the following different cultigroups: cv gr Unguiculata, cv gr Sesquipedalis, cv gr Biflora and cv gr …

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Olfactory Responses Of Glossina Fuscipes Fuscipes (Diptera: Glossinidae) To The Monitor Lizard Varanus Niloticus Niloticus, M. M. Mohamed-Ahmed Jan 1998

Olfactory Responses Of Glossina Fuscipes Fuscipes (Diptera: Glossinidae) To The Monitor Lizard Varanus Niloticus Niloticus, M. M. Mohamed-Ahmed

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Visual and olfactory responses of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes Newstead to the monitor lizard, Varanus niloticus niloticus Laurenti were studied using various catching devices near Lake Victoria, Kenya. Electric nets baited with visible lizards caught more males (x2.1) and significantly more females (x2.0) than unbaited nets. Lizards concealed in electrified black Pvc pipe models, simulating the shape and size of a monitor lizard, increased significantly the catches of tsetse by 2.1 times. Fresh lizard urine dispensed at an evaporation rate of 500 to 1000 mg/h also increased significantly the catches of flies at biconical traps, electrified models and electric nets. Identification …

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Honest Or Deceitful?: A Study Of Persons' Mental Models For Judging Veracity, John S. Seiter Dec 1997

Honest Or Deceitful?: A Study Of Persons' Mental Models For Judging Veracity, John S. Seiter

Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications

This study focused on understanding the detailed and dynamic mental models that people develop for judging veracity. It was hypothesized that individual differences in such mental models, assessed by using Thagard's (1989) ECHO computer simulation program, would predict participants' attributions and confidence in making attributions. After watching videotapes of targets, 120 participants rated targets' veracity and their own confidence in making attributions. Half of these participants also provided “on-line” information that, in turn, was entered into ECHO. The two groups did not differ in their judgments of veracity, but the on-line group was significantly more confident. Results from ECHO and …

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Establishment In Treeshelters Ii: Effect Of Shelter Color On Gas Exchange And Hardiness, Roger Kjelgren, Thayne Montague, Larry Rupp Dec 1997

Establishment In Treeshelters Ii: Effect Of Shelter Color On Gas Exchange And Hardiness, Roger Kjelgren, Thayne Montague, Larry Rupp

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

We investigated the microclimate, gas exchange, and growth of field-grown Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) and green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh) trees nonsheltered, and in brown and white shelters. Shelter microclimate—air temperature (Ta), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and radiation—and tree leaf area, growth in diameter, stomatal conductance (gs), and photosynthesis were measured during the first growing season after bare-root transplanting. Bark temperatures in midwinter were also measured. Treeshelter microclimate was greenhouse-like compared to ambient conditions, as shortwave radiation was lower, and midday Ta and relative humidity were higher. Although trees in shelters had greater shoot elongation and higher gs than …

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1997.2 - Opera House Dallas, Martin Price, Patrick Cox Dec 1997

1997.2 - Opera House Dallas, Martin Price, Patrick Cox

School of Architecture Student Projects - Archive

Design work from the 1997 fall semester, Studio Martin Price, School of Architecture, The University of Texas at Arlington. Opera House. Patrick Cox. The site is in Dallas adjacent to the Meyerson Concert Hall. Rhythmic lines form patterns of naturally flowing paths of movement, dramatically expressed in the approach to the design of the entry, lobby, and seating spaces. Seating flexibly pivots and moves with a hydraulic system to accommodate both traditional staging as well as experimental staging, where the stage thrusts forward from the proscenium into the audience. The exterior form pivots and spirals upward, expressing the various functions …

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Non-Native Speaker Collocations: A Corpus-Driven Characterization From The Writing Of Native Speakers Of Mandarin, Robin Janine Lombard Dec 1997

Non-Native Speaker Collocations: A Corpus-Driven Characterization From The Writing Of Native Speakers Of Mandarin, Robin Janine Lombard

Linguistics & TESOL Dissertations - Archive

Non-native speaker difficulty in producing collocations (i.e., domain-specific recurrent word combinations) is widely acknowledged (see, e.g., Bahns 19 9, Channel 1981, Farghal and Obiedat 1995, Gitsaki 1996, and Zughoul 1991). Phrases such as *a convenient price or *marketing share instead of the native speaker collocations a reasonable price and market share, for example, comprise a substantial number of advanced learner errors written by native speakers of Mandarin in a business English context. This problem has been addressed in the form of domain-specific reference and teaching materials (see Flower and Martinez 1995 and Tuck 1993). While these materials--which are based on …

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Establishment In Tree Shelters I: Shelters Reduce Growth, Water Use, And Hardiness, But Not Drought Avoidance, Roger Kjelgren, Larry Rupp Dec 1997

Establishment In Tree Shelters I: Shelters Reduce Growth, Water Use, And Hardiness, But Not Drought Avoidance, Roger Kjelgren, Larry Rupp

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

We investigated water use and potential drought avoidance of Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) and green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh) seedlings grown in protective plastic shelters. Gravimetric tree water use and reference evapotranspiration for fescue turf (ETo) were monitored for 1 to 3 days during the growing season. Water use of trees was 8% to 14% of ETo in shelters vs. 29% to 40% for trees not in shelters. Trunk diameter was affected more than whole-tree water relations by lack of irrigation, suggesting that the nonirrigated trees were subjected to only mild water stress. Shelters did not improve drought avoidance, …

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Comparison Of Nest Structure And Caste Parameters Of Sympatric Species Of Odontotermes (Termitidae, Macrotermitinae) In Kenya, J. P.E.C. Darlington Dec 1997

Comparison Of Nest Structure And Caste Parameters Of Sympatric Species Of Odontotermes (Termitidae, Macrotermitinae) In Kenya, J. P.E.C. Darlington

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Four species of Odontotermes are common in semi-arid grassland around Kajiado. They all build centralised nests consisting of a cluster of discrete chambers housing the fungus combs. In at least one nest of each species all the chambers were measured and mapped, and the fungus combs extracted, dried and weighed. Three species, O. monodon, O. anceps and O. tanganicus, build 'classical' nests with open vertical shafts that link up underground, apparently acting as a ventilation system. The fourth species O. zambesiensis has no open shafts and no ventilation system. Each of the four species has fungus combs that are distinctly …

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Ddasaccident139, Hd-Aid Nov 1997

Ddasaccident139, Hd-Aid

Global CWD Repository

The investigators checked the Team's detectors and found five to be not "in proper working condition". The victim used one of these detectors. At the end of the working day the victim was taking his equipment to the store and either stepped into an uncleared area or stepped on a missed mine (due to the faulty detectors).

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Malaysia– Recent Economic Developments, International Monetary Fund (Imf) Nov 1997

Malaysia– Recent Economic Developments, International Monetary Fund (Imf)

Documents

No abstract provided.

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Effects Of Juvenile Hormone Treatment On Phase Changes And Pheromone Production The Desert Locust, Schistocerca Gregaria (Forskal) (Orthoptera: Acrididae), Amer I. Tawfik, Ellie O. Osir, Ahmed Hassanali, Sayed H. Ismail Nov 1997

Effects Of Juvenile Hormone Treatment On Phase Changes And Pheromone Production The Desert Locust, Schistocerca Gregaria (Forskal) (Orthoptera: Acrididae), Amer I. Tawfik, Ellie O. Osir, Ahmed Hassanali, Sayed H. Ismail

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The roles of juvenile hormone III (JH III) on phase changes and pheromone production were examined in laboratory-reared gregarious desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal). The hormone was applied to 5th instar nymphs and newly emerged adult locusts. Generally, the 5th instar nymphs exhibited a higher sensitivity to hormone treatments than the adults. Hormone applications inhibited pheromone production (as measured by the amounts of phenylacetonitrile released). In addition, JH III had a significant effect on the external colouration and absorbance ratios of the haemolymph pigments. It is concluded that the effects of exogenous JH III on gregarious locusts represent a shift …

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Exposure Of Athletic Trainers To Potentially Infectious Bodily Fluids In The High School Setting, David Middlemas, K. Brian Jessee, Diane K. Mulder, Robb S. Rehberg Oct 1997

Exposure Of Athletic Trainers To Potentially Infectious Bodily Fluids In The High School Setting, David Middlemas, K. Brian Jessee, Diane K. Mulder, Robb S. Rehberg

Department of Exercise Science and Physical Education Scholarship and Creative Works

Objective: To examine the incidence of exposure to potentially infectious bodily fluids by athletic trainers in the high school setting in the performance of their daily responsibilities. We also looked at the actions of officials in dealing with athletes with bleeding injuries. Design and Setting: Athletic trainer contact with athletes and incidents of exposure to potentially infectious bodily fluids were recorded at 18 high schools in northern New Jersey during the fall 1994 athletic season. The number of times officials removed an athlete from the game or required a change of uniform, or both, was also counted. The data were …

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Technology To Learn Anytime Anywhere, Norman Desmarais Sep 1997

Technology To Learn Anytime Anywhere, Norman Desmarais

Library Faculty and Staff papers

This paper looks at a pilot program designed to promote the "Anytime Anywhere Learning" concept. Microsoft and Toshiba have joined forces to implement a laptop learning program with fifty-two schools around the country. It looks at how personal learning tools, such as laptops, change the way that students learn, transforming teachers' roles and increasing parental involvement in their children's education.

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A Retro-Prospective On Audience, Oral Literatures, And Ignorance, Kenneth M. Roemer Sep 1997

A Retro-Prospective On Audience, Oral Literatures, And Ignorance, Kenneth M. Roemer

English Faculty Publications - Archive

No abstract provided.

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Research To Practice: Unrealized Potential: Differing Outcomes For Individuals With Mental Retardation And Other Disability Groups, Sheila Fesko Sep 1997

Research To Practice: Unrealized Potential: Differing Outcomes For Individuals With Mental Retardation And Other Disability Groups, Sheila Fesko

Research to Practice Series, Institute for Community Inclusion

A national study examined job search practices used by community rehabilitation providers and state vocational rehabilitation counselors. Employment outcomes for individuals with mental retardation are contrasted with those for individuals with other disabilities.

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Full Issue, Spanish Colonial Research Center Sep 1997

Full Issue, Spanish Colonial Research Center

Colonial Latin American Historical Review

No abstract provided.

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Thailand Letter Of Intent, August 14, 1997, Thanong Biyada, Chaiyawat Wibulswasdi Aug 1997

Thailand Letter Of Intent, August 14, 1997, Thanong Biyada, Chaiyawat Wibulswasdi

Documents

Letter of Intent for Thailand's 34-month SBA with the IMF, dated August 14, 1997.

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Ddasaccident234, Hd-Aid Aug 1997

Ddasaccident234, Hd-Aid

Global CWD Repository

The Team Commander knew that there were mines present. "After thorough checking [he] had ordered the removal of 15cm of topsoil, followed by a second 15cm. The mine was still 15cm below the surface. This was too deep for the detector to pick it up and too deep for the prodder to reveal its presence… the ground compacted under his weight and set off the mine."

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Shelters Affect Tree Seedling Establishment Under Grass Competition, Roger Kjelgren, Larry Rupp Jul 1997

Shelters Affect Tree Seedling Establishment Under Grass Competition, Roger Kjelgren, Larry Rupp

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

We investigated growth and water relations of tree seedlings grown in treeshelters surrounded by competing grass. Treeshelters were placed over one-year-old gambel oak (Quercus gambellii) and bigtooth maple (Acer grandidentatum) planted in field soil, and crested wheatgrass (Agrypyron cristatum x A. repens) was planted around half of the trees. Trees were irrigated only the first year. Surviving plants were counted over two years, and above-ground growth, root growth, and leaf water potential were measured the second year. Without shelters, all maples and most oaks under grass competition died within two years, while about half or more of those in shelters …

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Effects Of Tsetse Dna Virus Infection On The Survival Of A Host Fly,Glossina Morsitans Centralis(Diptera; Glossinidae), Rosemary C. Sang, Walter G.Z.O. Jura, Leonard H. Otieno, Peter M. Tukei, Richard W. Mwangi May 1997

Effects Of Tsetse Dna Virus Infection On The Survival Of A Host Fly,Glossina Morsitans Centralis(Diptera; Glossinidae), Rosemary C. Sang, Walter G.Z.O. Jura, Leonard H. Otieno, Peter M. Tukei, Richard W. Mwangi

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Freshly deposited third instarGlossina morsitans centralislarvae were infected with the tsetse DNA virus by microinjection. At emergence comparative observations were made on longevity and feeding behavior of infected and control flies. Gut tissues from the control and virus-infected flies were fixed and processed for light and electron microscopy. The longevity of infected flies was significantly reduced compared to that of the controls (P<0.05). The main mortality factors in the virus-infected flies with severe lesions in the salivary glands were starvation due to failure to feed and clotting of blood in and/or rupture of the crop. Rupture of the midgut also caused some mortalities. Infected flies probed significantly more times during feeding to repletion (P<0.05) and took significantly longer to feed compared to the control flies (P<0.05). Infected flies which fed took significantly less blood compared to the controls (P<0.05). Histological studies revealed pathological changes in the epithelial cells of the anterior midgut secretory midgut and the posterior midgut. There was severe disintegration of the membranous organelles, especially the mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum, leading to extensive vacuolation in such epithelial cells. No viral particles were observed in the secretory and posterior midgut. Virions were observed in the anterior midgut lumen and occasional particles were seen invading the epithelial cells in this area of the midgut, especially in heavily infected flies. © 1997 Academic Press.

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Haemolymph Ecdysteroids And The Prothoracic Glands In The Solitary And Gregarious Adults Of Schistocerca Gregaria, Amer I. Tawfik, Anna Vedrová, Weiwei Li, František Sehnal, D. Obeng-Ofori May 1997

Haemolymph Ecdysteroids And The Prothoracic Glands In The Solitary And Gregarious Adults Of Schistocerca Gregaria, Amer I. Tawfik, Anna Vedrová, Weiwei Li, František Sehnal, D. Obeng-Ofori

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The haemolymph titre of ecdysteroids rises in the adults of both sexes to a brief peak in the first week after emergence. A major rise begins on days 8-10, coincidentally with intensive vitellogenesis in the females and aggregation pheromone production in the males. The titre reaches about 400 ng of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) equiv./ml in the solitary, but less than 150 ng/ml in the gregarious adults of both sexes. In the females, the titre drops after oviposition (prior to day 20) and remains low until the next egg batch matures; then it increases in either phase to 150-180 ng/ml. A similar …

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United States Agricultural Information Network / International, Dana W. R. Boden, Mary Cassner Apr 1997

United States Agricultural Information Network / International, Dana W. R. Boden, Mary Cassner

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries: Faculty Publications

General overview of the first ever United States Agricultural Information Network (USAIN)/ International Association of Agricultural Information Specialists (IAALD) Joint Conference and Pre-Conference Workshops held April 3-7, 1997, Tucson, Arizona. The conference theme was "The Information Frontier: Linking People and Resources in a Changing World". Representatives from over 35 countries were in attendance.

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Kinetics Of Transesterification Of Soybean Oil, Hossein Noureddini, D Zhu Mar 1997

Kinetics Of Transesterification Of Soybean Oil, Hossein Noureddini, D Zhu

Papers in Biomaterials

Transesterification of soybean oil with methanol was investigated. Three stepwise and reversible reacttons are believed to occur. The effect of variations in mixing intensity (Reynolds number = 3,100 to 12,400) and temperature (30 to 70'CJ on the rate oireaction were studied while the molar ratio of alcohol to triglycerol (6:l) and the concentration of catalyst (0.20 wt% based on soybean oil) were held constant. The variations in mixing intensity appear to effect the reaction parallel to the variations in temperature. A reaction mechanism consisting of an initial mass transfer-controlled region followed by a kinetically controlled region is proposed. The experimental …

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