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Veterinary Medicine

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Articles 1951 - 1980 of 2153

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The Human Ehrlichioses In The United States, Jennifer H. Mcquiston, Christopher D. Paddock, Robert C. Holman, James E. Childs Jan 1999

The Human Ehrlichioses In The United States, Jennifer H. Mcquiston, Christopher D. Paddock, Robert C. Holman, James E. Childs

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

The emerging tick-borne zoonoses human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) are underreported in the United States. From 1986 through 1997, 1,223 cases (742 HME, 449 HGE, and 32 not ascribed to a specific ehrlichial agent) were reported by state health departments. HME was most commonly reported from southeastern and southcentral states, while HGE was most often reported from northeastern and upper midwestern states. The annual number of reported cases increased sharply, from 69 in 1994 to 364 in 1997, coincident with an increase in the number of states making these conditions notifiable. From 1986 through 1997, 827 …

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Long-Term Studies Of Hantavirus Reservoir Populations In The Southwestern United States: A Synthesis, James N. Mills, Thomas G. Ksiazek, C.J. Peters, James E. Childs Jan 1999

Long-Term Studies Of Hantavirus Reservoir Populations In The Southwestern United States: A Synthesis, James N. Mills, Thomas G. Ksiazek, C.J. Peters, James E. Childs

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

A series of intensive, longitudinal, mark-recapture studies of hantavirus infection dynamics in reservoir populations in the southwestern United States indicates consistent patterns as well as important differences among sites and host-virus associations. All studies found a higher prevalence of infection in older (particularly male) mice; one study associated wounds with seropositivity. These findings are consistent with horizontal transmission and transmission through fighting between adult male rodents. Despite very low rodent densities at some sites, low-level hantavirus infection continued, perhaps because of persistent infection in a few long-lived rodents or periodic reintroduction of virus from neighboring populations. Prevalence of hantavirus antibody …

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Diagnosis Of Human Ehrlichiosis By Pcr Assay Of Acute-Phase Serum, James A. Comer, William L. Nicholson, John W. Sumner, James G. Olson, James E. Childs Jan 1999

Diagnosis Of Human Ehrlichiosis By Pcr Assay Of Acute-Phase Serum, James A. Comer, William L. Nicholson, John W. Sumner, James G. Olson, James E. Childs

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

A PCR assay of 43 acute-phase serum samples was evaluated as a method for early detection of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) and determination of etiology when serologic testing is inconclusive. Sequenceconfirmed products of the HGE agent were amplified from three individuals residing or having exposure history in Minnesota or Wisconsin, and similarly confirmed products from Ehrlichia chaffeensis were amplified from three individuals from Florida or Maryland. Etiology, as determined by PCR and serology, was the same whenever there was a fourfold difference between the maximum titers of antibodies to both antigens, indicating that presumptive determination of etiology may be based …

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Dusky-Footed Wood Rats (Neotoma Fuscipes) As Reservoirs Of Granulocytic Ehrlichiae (Rickettsiales: Ehrlichieae) In Northern California, William L. Nicholson, Martin B. Castro, Vicki L. Kramer, John W. Sumner, James E. Childs Jan 1999

Dusky-Footed Wood Rats (Neotoma Fuscipes) As Reservoirs Of Granulocytic Ehrlichiae (Rickettsiales: Ehrlichieae) In Northern California, William L. Nicholson, Martin B. Castro, Vicki L. Kramer, John W. Sumner, James E. Childs

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Dusky-footed wood rats (Neotoma fuscipes) and Peromyscus sp. mice (P. maniculatus and P. truei) were collected from one site in Placer County, one site in Santa Cruz County, and two sites in Sonoma County in northern California. Serum or plasma samples from 260 rodents were tested for antibodies to the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Of these, samples from 25 wood rats (34% of those tested) and 10 (8%) Peromyscus sp. mice were found to be seropositive, but only those from one site. PCR assays targeting the groESL heat shock operon were conducted on all seropositive …

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Outcome Of Diagnostic Tests Using Samples From Patients With Culture-Proven Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis: Implications For Surveillance, James E. Childs, John W. Sumner, William L. Nicholson, Robert F. Massung, Steven M. Standaert, Christopher D. Paddock Jan 1999

Outcome Of Diagnostic Tests Using Samples From Patients With Culture-Proven Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis: Implications For Surveillance, James E. Childs, John W. Sumner, William L. Nicholson, Robert F. Massung, Steven M. Standaert, Christopher D. Paddock

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

We describe the concordance among results from various laboratory tests using samples derived from nine culture-proven cases of human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis. A class-specific indirect immunofluorescence assay for immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG, using E. chaffeensis antigen, identified 44 and 33% of the isolation-confirmed HME patients on the basis of samples obtained at initial clinical presentation, respectively; detection of morulae in blood smears was similarly insensitive (22% positive). PCR amplifications of ehrlichial DNA targeting the 16S rRNA gene, the variable-length PCR target gene, and the groESL operon were positive for whole blood specimens obtained …

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Hidden Mortality Attributable To Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever: Immunohistochemical Detection Of Fatal, Serologically Unconfirmed Disease, James E. Childs, Patricia W. Greer, Tara L. Ferebee, Joseph Singleton Jr., Don B. Mckechnie, Tracee A. Treadwell, John W. Krebs, Matthew J. Clarke, Robert C. Holman, James G. Olson, Christopher D. Paddock, Sherif R. Zaki Jan 1999

Hidden Mortality Attributable To Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever: Immunohistochemical Detection Of Fatal, Serologically Unconfirmed Disease, James E. Childs, Patricia W. Greer, Tara L. Ferebee, Joseph Singleton Jr., Don B. Mckechnie, Tracee A. Treadwell, John W. Krebs, Matthew J. Clarke, Robert C. Holman, James G. Olson, Christopher D. Paddock, Sherif R. Zaki

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is the most severe tickborne infection in the United States and is a nationally notifiable disease. Since 1981, the annual case-fatality ratio for RMSF has been determined from laboratory-confirmed cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Herein, a description is given of patients with fatal, serologically unconfirmed RMSF for whom a diagnosis of RMSF was established by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of tissues obtained at autopsy. During 1996-1997, acute-phase serum and tissue samples from patients with fatal disease compatible with RMSF were tested at the CDC. As determined by indirect immunofluorescence assay, …

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Search For The Ebola Virus Reservoir In Kikwit, Democratic Republic Of The Congo: Reflections On A Vertebrate Collection, Herwig Leirs, James N. Mills, John W. Krebs, James E. Childs, Dudu Akaibe, Neal Woollen, George Ludwig, Clarence J. Peters, Thomas G. Ksiazek Jan 1999

Search For The Ebola Virus Reservoir In Kikwit, Democratic Republic Of The Congo: Reflections On A Vertebrate Collection, Herwig Leirs, James N. Mills, John W. Krebs, James E. Childs, Dudu Akaibe, Neal Woollen, George Ludwig, Clarence J. Peters, Thomas G. Ksiazek

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

A 3-month ecologic investigation was done to identify the reservoir of Ebola virus following the 1995 outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Efforts focused on the fields where the putative primary case had worked but included other habitats near Kikwit. Samples were collected from 3066 vertebrates and tested for the presence of antibodies to Ebola (subtype Zaire) virus: All tests were negative, and attempts to isolate Ebola virus were unsuccessful. The investigation was hampered by a lack of information beyond the daily activities of the primary case, a lack of information on Ebola virus ecology, which precluded the …

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Population Dynamics Of A Naturally Occurring Heterogeneous Mixture Of Borrelia Burgdorferi Clones, Erick K. Hofmeister, Gregory E. Glass, James E. Childs, David H. Persing Jan 1999

Population Dynamics Of A Naturally Occurring Heterogeneous Mixture Of Borrelia Burgdorferi Clones, Erick K. Hofmeister, Gregory E. Glass, James E. Childs, David H. Persing

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Two unique isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi, differing in plasmid content and outer surface protein C expression, were cultured on sequential captures of a single free-living Peromyscus leucopus mouse and were examined for differences in transmissibility. Both isolates were transmissible from inoculated C.B-17 mice to larval Ixodes scapularis ticks and, subsequently, from infected nymphal ticks to C3H/HeJ mice. Plasmid and protein analyses suggested that the original isolates were a mixed population of B. burgdorferi, and cloning by limiting dilution resulted in the identification of two clonal groups. In addition to being heterogeneous in plasmid and genomic macrorestriction analyses, the …

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Isolation Of A New Subspecies, Bartonella Vinsonii Subsp. Arupensis, From A Cattle Rancher: Identity With Isolates Found In Conjunction With Borrelia Burgdorferi And Babesia Microti Among Naturally Infected Mice, David F. Welch, Karen C. Carroll, Erick K. Hofmeister, David H. Persing, Denise A. Robison, Arnold G. Steigerwalt, Don J. Brenner Jan 1999

Isolation Of A New Subspecies, Bartonella Vinsonii Subsp. Arupensis, From A Cattle Rancher: Identity With Isolates Found In Conjunction With Borrelia Burgdorferi And Babesia Microti Among Naturally Infected Mice, David F. Welch, Karen C. Carroll, Erick K. Hofmeister, David H. Persing, Denise A. Robison, Arnold G. Steigerwalt, Don J. Brenner

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Bacteremia with fever due to a novel subspecies of Bartonella vinsonii was found in a cattle rancher. The subspecies shared major characteristics of the genus Bartonella in terms of most biochemical features and cellular fatty acid profile, but it was distinguishable from other subspecies of B. vinsonii by good growth on heart infusion agar supplemented with X factor and by its pattern of enzymatic hydrolysis of peptide substrates. DNA relatedness studies verified that the isolate belonged to the genus Bartonella and that it was genotypically related to B. vinsonii. The highest level of relatedness was observed with recently characterized …

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Oral Transmission And Early Lymphoid Tropism Of Chronic Wasting Disease PrpRes In Mule Deer Fawns (Odocoileus Hemionus), Christina J. Sigurdson, Elizabeth S. Williams, Michael W. Miller, Terry R. Spraker, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Edward A. Hoover Jan 1999

Oral Transmission And Early Lymphoid Tropism Of Chronic Wasting Disease PrpRes In Mule Deer Fawns (Odocoileus Hemionus), Christina J. Sigurdson, Elizabeth S. Williams, Michael W. Miller, Terry R. Spraker, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Edward A. Hoover

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Mule deer fawns (Odocoileus hemionus) were inoculated orally with a brain homogenate prepared from mule deer with naturally occurring chronic wasting disease (CWD), a prion-induced transmissible spongiform encephalopathy. Fawns were necropsied and examined for PrPres, the abnormal prion protein isoform, at 10, 42, 53, 77, 78 and 80 days post-inoculation (p.i.) using an immunohistochemistry assay modified to enhance sensitivity. PrPres was detected in alimentarytract- associated lymphoid tissues (one or more of the following: retropharyngeal lymph node, tonsil, Peyer’s patch and ileocaecal lymph node) as early as 42 days p.i. and in all fawns examined thereafter …

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Prp Genotypes Of Captive And Free-Ranging Rocky Mountain Elk (Cervus Elaphus Nelsoni) With Chronic Wasting Disease, Katherine I. O'Rourke, T. E. Besser, M. W. Miller, T. F. Cline, T. R. Spraker, A. L. Jenny, M. A. Wild, G. L. Zebarth Jan 1999

Prp Genotypes Of Captive And Free-Ranging Rocky Mountain Elk (Cervus Elaphus Nelsoni) With Chronic Wasting Disease, Katherine I. O'Rourke, T. E. Besser, M. W. Miller, T. F. Cline, T. R. Spraker, A. L. Jenny, M. A. Wild, G. L. Zebarth

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

The PrP gene encodes the putative causative agent of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), a heterogeneous group of fatal, neurodegenerative disorders including human Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, ovine scrapie and chronic wasting disease (CWD) of North American deer and elk. Polymorphisms in the PrP gene are associated with variations in relative susceptibility, pathological lesion patterns, incubation times and clinical course of TSEs of humans, mice and sheep. Sequence analysis of the PrP gene from Rocky Mountain elk showed only one amino acid change (Met to Leu at cervid codon 132). Homozygosity for Met at the corresponding polymorphic site (Met …

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Family Cluster Of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, James E. Childs, Timothy F. Jones, Allen S. Craig, Christopher D. Paddock, Don B. Mckechnie, Sherif R. Zaki, William Schaffner Jan 1999

Family Cluster Of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, James E. Childs, Timothy F. Jones, Allen S. Craig, Christopher D. Paddock, Don B. Mckechnie, Sherif R. Zaki, William Schaffner

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Soon after a patient from Tennessee died of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), several family members developed symptoms suggestive of the disease and were treated presumptively for RMSF. Fifty-four persons visiting the index patient's home were interviewed; serum samples were collected from 35. Three additional cases of RMSF were confirmed, all of which occurred in firstdegree relatives. Time spent at the family home and going into the surrounding woods were significantly associated with developing antibodies to Rickettsia rickettsii. Ticks were collected and examined for rickettsiae by polymerase chain reaction analysis. Because hyperendemic foci and family clusters of RMSF can …

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Molecular Cloning And Characterization Of The Ehrlichia Chaffeensis Variable-Length Pcr Target: An Antigen-Expressing Gene That Exhibits Interstrain Variation, John W. Sumner, James E. Childs, Christopher D. Paddock Jan 1999

Molecular Cloning And Characterization Of The Ehrlichia Chaffeensis Variable-Length Pcr Target: An Antigen-Expressing Gene That Exhibits Interstrain Variation, John W. Sumner, James E. Childs, Christopher D. Paddock

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

A clone expressing an immunoreactive protein with an apparent molecular mass of 44 kDa was selected from an Ehrlichia chaffeensis Arkansas genomic library by probing with anti-E. chaffeensis hyperimmune mouse ascitic fluid. Nucleotide sequencing revealed an open reading frame (ORF) capable of encoding a 198-aminoacid polypeptide. The ORF contained four imperfect, direct, tandem 90-bp repeats. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences did not show close homologies to entries in the molecular databases. PCR with primers whose sequences matched the sequences flanking the ORF was performed with DNA samples extracted from cell cultures infected with nine different isolates of E. …

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Serologic Testing For Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis At A National Referral Center, James A. Comer, William L. Nicholson, James G. Olson, James E. Childs Jan 1999

Serologic Testing For Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis At A National Referral Center, James A. Comer, William L. Nicholson, James G. Olson, James E. Childs

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

An indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was used to identify patients with antibodies reactive to the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) agent. Serum samples collected from clinically ill individuals were submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention by physicians via state health departments from throughout the United States and tested against a panel of ehrlichial and rickettsial pathogens. Antibodies reactive to the HGE agent were detected in 142 (8.9%) of 1,602 individuals tested. There were 19 confirmed and 59 probable (n = 78) cases of HGE as defined by seroconversion or a fourfold or higher titer to the HGE agent …

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Monitoring Of Transmission Of Tuberculosis Between Wild Boars And Cattle: Genotypical Analysis Of Strains By Molecular Epidemiology Techniques, Andrea Serraino, Giulia Marchetti, Valeria Sanguinetti, Maria Cristina Rossi, Renato Giulio Zanoni, Lidia Catozzi, Alessandra Bandera, Walter Dini, Walter Mignone, Fabio Franzetti, Andrea Gori Jan 1999

Monitoring Of Transmission Of Tuberculosis Between Wild Boars And Cattle: Genotypical Analysis Of Strains By Molecular Epidemiology Techniques, Andrea Serraino, Giulia Marchetti, Valeria Sanguinetti, Maria Cristina Rossi, Renato Giulio Zanoni, Lidia Catozzi, Alessandra Bandera, Walter Dini, Walter Mignone, Fabio Franzetti, Andrea Gori

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

An epidemiological survey for the monitoring of bovine tuberculosis transmission was carried out in western Liguria, a region in northern Italy. Fifteen Mycobacterium bovis strains were isolated from 63 wild boar samples (62 from mandibular lymph nodes and 1 from a liver specimen). Sixteen mediastinal lymph nodes of 16 head of cattle were collected, and 15 Mycobacterium bovis strains were subsequently cultured. All M. bovisstrains isolated from cattle and wild boars were genotyped by spoligotyping and by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis with the IS6110 and IS1081 probes. All M. bovis strains showed the typical spoligotype characterized by …

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Veterinary And Biomedical Sciences: 1999 Annual Report Jan 1999

Veterinary And Biomedical Sciences: 1999 Annual Report

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Information and History

VBMS Personnel
VBMS Postdoctoral Research Associates
Awards and Recognition
Committee Assignments
Teaching Program
Graduate Program
Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center (GPVEC)
Research Program
Extension Program
Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Systems (NVDLS)
Grants
Publications
Presentations
Selected Committees, Editorial and Other Appointments
Departmental Budget Summaries
Nebraska Agricultural Statistics
Appendix

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Observations On Animal And Human Health During The Outbreak Of Mycobacterium Bovis In Game Farm Wapiti In Alberta, P. Nick Nation, E. Anne Fanning, H. Bim Hopf, Terry L. Church Jan 1999

Observations On Animal And Human Health During The Outbreak Of Mycobacterium Bovis In Game Farm Wapiti In Alberta, P. Nick Nation, E. Anne Fanning, H. Bim Hopf, Terry L. Church

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

This report describes and discusses the history, clinical, pathologic, epidemiologic, and human health aspects of an outbreak of Mycobacterium bovis infection in domestic wapiti in Alberta between 1990 and 1993, shortly after legislative changes allowing game farming. The extent and seriousness of the outbreak of M. bovis in wapiti in Alberta was not fully known at its onset. The clinical findings in the first recognized infected wapiti are presented and the postmortem records for the herd in which the animal resided are summarized. Epidemiologic findings from the subsequent field investigation are reviewed, the results of recognition and investigation of human …

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A Comparison Of Wildlife Control And Cattle Vaccination As Methods For The Control Of Bovine Tuberculosis, R. R. Kao, M. G. Roberts Jan 1999

A Comparison Of Wildlife Control And Cattle Vaccination As Methods For The Control Of Bovine Tuberculosis, R. R. Kao, M. G. Roberts

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

The Australian brushtail possum is the major source of infection for new cases of bovine tuberculosis in cattle in New Zealand. Using hypothetical values for the cost of putative cattle and possum Tb vaccines, the relative efforts required to eradicate Tb in cattle using possum culling, possum vaccination or cattle vaccination are compared. For realistic assumed costs for 1080 poison bait, possum culling is found to be a cost-effective strategy compared to cattle vaccination if the required control area is below 13 ha per cattle herd, while possum vaccination is cost-effective for control areas of less than 3 ha per …

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Plasmd Bearing A Cdna Copy Of The Genome Of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus, Chimeric Derivatives Thereof, And Method Of Producing An Infectious Bovine Wral Darrheavirus Using Sad Plasmid, Ruben O. Donis, Ventzislav B. Vassilev Jan 1999

Plasmd Bearing A Cdna Copy Of The Genome Of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus, Chimeric Derivatives Thereof, And Method Of Producing An Infectious Bovine Wral Darrheavirus Using Sad Plasmid, Ruben O. Donis, Ventzislav B. Vassilev

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

A plasmid bearing a cDNA copy of the genome of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), chimeric derivatives of the plasmid and a method of producing an infectious bovine viral diarrhea virus using the plasmid are disclosed. The invention relates to a plasmid DNA molecule that replicates easily in E. coli and contains a sufficient portion of the genome of BVDV, cloned as cDNA, to be a suitable template to produce RNA in vitro which, upon transfection into bovine cells, gives rise to infectious BVDV. The BVDV created by the process of the invention can be engineered for use as a …

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In Situ Hybridization For The Detection And Localization Of Swine Chlamydia Trachomatis, C. Chae, D.-S. Cheon, D. Kwon, O. Kim, B. Kim, J. Suh, D. G. Rogers, K. D. E. Everett, A. A. Anderson Jan 1999

In Situ Hybridization For The Detection And Localization Of Swine Chlamydia Trachomatis, C. Chae, D.-S. Cheon, D. Kwon, O. Kim, B. Kim, J. Suh, D. G. Rogers, K. D. E. Everett, A. A. Anderson

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Gnotobiotic piglets were inoculated intralaryngeally with swine Chlamydia trachomatis strain R33 or orally with swine C. trachmatis strain R27. Archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from piglets euthanatized 4–7 days postinoculation were examined by in situ hybridization for C. trachomatis nucleic acid using a nonradioactive digoxigenin-labeled DNA probes that targeted specific ribosomal RNA or omp1 mRNA molecules of the swine C. trachomatis strains. Positive hybridization signals were detected in bronchial epithelial cells, bronchiolar epithelial cells, pneumocytes, alveolar and interstitial macrophages, and jejunal and ileal enterocytes. Chlamydia-infected cells had a strong signal that was confined to the intracytoplasmic inclusions. Positive hybridization signals were …

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A Serological Survey Of Equine Infectious Diseases In Thailand, Urasri Tantaswasdi, Ruenrudee Punyahotra, Surapong Wongkasemjit, Patchima Indrakamhang Dec 1998

A Serological Survey Of Equine Infectious Diseases In Thailand, Urasri Tantaswasdi, Ruenrudee Punyahotra, Surapong Wongkasemjit, Patchima Indrakamhang

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

During 1997-1998, a serological survey of equine infectious diseases in Thailand was undertaken. Blood, sera and blood smears were taken from 400 horses, donkeys and mules out of an equine population of 8,600. Tests were carried out at the National Institute of Animal Health, Bangkok, Thailand, and at the USDA laboratories, USA, for 10 diseases. There was no evidence of the presence of African Horse Sickness, Glanders, Dourine, Surra and Equine Viral Arteritis. There was one reactor to Babesia caballi and 62 to Babesia equi. Fourteen reactors to equine influenza virus subtype 1 (Praque) and 24 to subtype 2 (Newmarket …

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Development Of A Blocking Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay For Detection Of Serum Antibodies To O157 Antigen Of Escherichia Coli., W Laegreid, M Hoffman, J Keen, R Elder, J Kwang Mar 1998

Development Of A Blocking Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay For Detection Of Serum Antibodies To O157 Antigen Of Escherichia Coli., W Laegreid, M Hoffman, J Keen, R Elder, J Kwang

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

The O157 antigen of Escherichia coli shares structural elements with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigens of other bacterial species, notably Brucella abortus and Yersinia enterocolitica 09, a fact that confounds the interpretation of assays for anti-O157 antibodies. To address this problem, a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (bELISA) was designed with E. coli O157:H7 LPS as the antigen and a monoclonal antibody specific for E. coli O157, designated 13B3, as the competing antibody. The bELISA had equivalent sensitivity to, and significantly higher specificity than, the indirect ELISA (iELISA), detecting anti-O157 antibodies in sera from cattle experimentally inoculated with O157:H7. Only 13% of sera …

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Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis In Europe: Clinical And Laboratory Findings For Four Patients From Slovenia, Stanka Lotric-Furlan, Miroslav Petrovec, Tatjana Avsic Zupanc, William L. Nicholson, John W. Sumner, James E. Childs, Franc Strle Jan 1998

Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis In Europe: Clinical And Laboratory Findings For Four Patients From Slovenia, Stanka Lotric-Furlan, Miroslav Petrovec, Tatjana Avsic Zupanc, William L. Nicholson, John W. Sumner, James E. Childs, Franc Strle

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Febrile illnesses following a tick bite in patients from Slovenia were evaluated for an ehrlichial etiology. A case of acute human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) was confirmed by seroconversion to the HGE agent or molecular identification of ehrlichial organisms. Acute infection with the HGE agent was confirmed in four patients. None of the patients had detectable antibodies to the HGE agent at their first visit, but polymerase chain reaction analysis was positive for three patients. All four patients subsequently seroconverted to the HGE agent as shown by high titers of antibody. Clinical features and laboratory findings were similar to those in …

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Ecologic Studies Of Rodent Reservoirs: Their Relevance For Human Health, James N. Mills, James E. Childs Jan 1998

Ecologic Studies Of Rodent Reservoirs: Their Relevance For Human Health, James N. Mills, James E. Childs

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Within the past few years, the number of “new” human diseases associated with small-mammal reservoirs has increased dramatically, stimulating renewed interest in reservoir ecology research. A consistent, integrative approach to such research allows direct comparisons between studies, contributes to the efficient use of resources and data, and increases investigator safety. We outline steps directed toward understanding vertebrate host ecology as it relates to human disease and illustrate the relevance of each step by using examples from studies of hosts associated with rodent-borne hemorrhagic fever viruses.

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Serologic Evidence Of Infection With Ehrlichia Spp. In Wild Rodents (Muridae: Sigmodontinae) In The United States, William L. Nicholson, Susie Muir, John W. Sumner, James E. Childs Jan 1998

Serologic Evidence Of Infection With Ehrlichia Spp. In Wild Rodents (Muridae: Sigmodontinae) In The United States, William L. Nicholson, Susie Muir, John W. Sumner, James E. Childs

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Rodent (Muridae: Sigmodontinae) blood and sera collected from 14 states were tested for seroreactivity to a cultured isolate of the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) agent by using an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Of the 1,240 samples tested, 136 (11%) were found to be reactive at titers of ≥32. Rodents with HGE agent-specific antibodies were found in New York (23% of 491 samples; geometric mean endpoint titer GMT = 441), Connecticut (11% of 100 samples; GMT = 481), California (9% of 32 samples; GMT = 323), Colorado (2% of 212 samples; GMT = 256), Florida (7% of 27 samples; GMT = 362), …

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Dietary Habits Of The Common Rodents In An Agrecosystem In Argentina, Barbara A. Ellis, James N. Mills, Gregory E. Glass, Kelly T. Mckee Jr, Delia A. Enria, James E. Childs Jan 1998

Dietary Habits Of The Common Rodents In An Agrecosystem In Argentina, Barbara A. Ellis, James N. Mills, Gregory E. Glass, Kelly T. Mckee Jr, Delia A. Enria, James E. Childs

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Dietary habits of five common rodents in agroecosystems on the central Argentine Pampa were studied for 15 months using microhistological analysis of stomach contents. All five rodent species were omnivorous, but proportions of major dietary items (arthropods, dicot leaves and seeds, monocot leaves and seeds) varied among species and seasons. Akodon azarae largely was entomophagous; arthropods formed 41-62% of the diet in all seasons. The other four species (Calomys musculinus, Calomys laucha, Bolomys obscurus, and Oligoryzomys flavescens) consumed most diet items throughout the year, but relative proportions varied among seasons. Leaves formed a relatively minor proportion of the …

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Monoclonal Antibody F89/160.1.5 Defines A Conserved Epitope On The Ruminant Prion Protein, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Timothy V. Baszler, Janice M. Miller, Terry R. Spraker, Ingrid Sadler-Riggleman, Donald P. Knowles Jan 1998

Monoclonal Antibody F89/160.1.5 Defines A Conserved Epitope On The Ruminant Prion Protein, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Timothy V. Baszler, Janice M. Miller, Terry R. Spraker, Ingrid Sadler-Riggleman, Donald P. Knowles

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

The transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are a heterogeneous group of fatal neurodegenerative disorders occurring in humans, mink, cats, and ruminant herbivores. The occurrence of novel transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in cattle in the United Kingdom and Europe and in mule deer and elk in parts of the United States has emphasized the need for reliable diagnostic tests with standardized reagents. Postmortem diagnosis is performed by histologic examination of brain sections from affected animals. The histopathological criteria for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies include gliosis, astrocytosis, neuronal degeneration, and spongiform change. These lesions vary in intensity and anatomic location depending on the host species and …

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Preclinical Detection Of PrpSc In Nictitating Membrane Lymphoid Tissue Of Sheep, Katherine I. O'Rourke, T. V. Baszler, S. M. Parish, D. P. Knowles Jan 1998

Preclinical Detection Of PrpSc In Nictitating Membrane Lymphoid Tissue Of Sheep, Katherine I. O'Rourke, T. V. Baszler, S. M. Parish, D. P. Knowles

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

SHEEP scrapie is the prototype of a heterogeneous group of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSES) which occur in humans, cattle, cats, mink and cervids. TSEs are characterised by the deposition of prion proteins (Prp-Scrapie or PrpSc) in the central nervous system of affected individuals (Prusiner 1982). PrPSc and infectivity have also been detected in the lymphoreticular system of sheep well before symptoms occur (Hadlow and others 1982, Race and others 1992). Detection of PrpSc in lymphoid tissue, such as tonsils or peripheral lymph nodes, has been proposed as a preclinical diagnostic test for scrapie (Ikegami and others …

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Veterinary And Biomedical Sciences: Annual Report 1998 Jan 1998

Veterinary And Biomedical Sciences: Annual Report 1998

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Information and History

Personnel
Awards and Recognition
Committees
Teaching Program
Graduate Program
GPVEC
Research Program
Extension Program
NVDLS
Active Grants
Publications
Presentations
Selected Committees, Editorial and Other Appointments
Nebraska Agricultural Statistics

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Polyadenylation Of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Mrna Dictates Efficient Transcription Termination At The Intercistronic Gene Junctions, Leroy N. Hwang, Nathan Englund, Asit K. Pattnaik Jan 1998

Polyadenylation Of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Mrna Dictates Efficient Transcription Termination At The Intercistronic Gene Junctions, Leroy N. Hwang, Nathan Englund, Asit K. Pattnaik

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The intercistronic gene junctions of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) contain conserved sequence elements that are important for polyadenylation and transcription termination of upstream transcript as well as reinitiation of transcription of downstream transcript. To examine the role of the putative polyadenylation signal 3' AUACU75' at the gene junctions in polyadenylation and transcription termination, we constructed plasmids encoding antigenomic minireplicons containing one or two transcription units. In plasmid-transfected cells, analyses of the bicistronic minireplicon containing the wild-type or mutant intercistronic gene junctions for the ability to direct synthesis of polyadenylated upstream, downstream, and readthrough mRNAs showed that the AUACU …

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