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Hsv Latency-Associated Transcript And Neuronal Apoptosis, Anthony B. Nesburn, Clinton J. Jones

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Thompson and Sawtell report that the Promega Anti-PARP p85 antibody did not recognize cleaved PARP in mouse or rabbit cells in their experiments, and conclude that the results reported with this antibody by Perng et al. (1) are an artifact. The Promega antibody was generated against a peptide based on the sequence of human p85. Although the corresponding bovine sequence differs by two amino acids, the antibody reacts with both human and bovine p85 (2). The mouse and rat sequences for this region of p85 differ from the human sequence by a single amino acid that corresponds to one of …

Efflux Of Osmolyte Amino Acids During Isovolumic Regulation In Hippocampal Slices, Rodrigo Franco, Octavio Quesada, Herminia Pasantes-Morales

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The efflux of potassium (K⁺) and amino acids from hippocampal slices was measured after sudden exposure to 10% (270 mOsm), 25% (225 mOsm) or 50% (150 mOsm) hyposmotic solutions or after gradual decrease (22.5 mOsm/min) in external osmolarity. In slices suddenly exposed to 50% hyposmotic solutions, swelling was followed by partial (74%) cell volume recovery, suggesting regulatory volume decrease (RVD). With gradual hyposmotic changes, no increase in cell water content was observed even when the solution at the end of the experiment was 50% hyposmotic, showing the occurrence of isovolumic regulation (IVR). The gradual decrease in osmolarity elicited …

Ceftriaxone-Resistant Salmonella Infection Acquired By A Child From Cattle, Paul D. Fey, Thomas J. Safranek, Mark E. Rupp, Eileen F. Dunne, Efrain Ribot, Peter C. Iwen, Patricia A. Bradford, Frederick J. Angulo, Steven H. Hinrichs

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Background
The emergence of resistance to antimicrobial agents within the salmonellae is a worldwide problem that has been associated with the use of antibiotics in livestock. Resistance to ceftriaxone and the fluoroquinolones, which are used to treat invasive salmonella infections, is rare in the United States. We analyzed the molecular characteristics of a ceftriaxone-resistant strain of Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium isolated from a 12-year-old boy with fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.
Methods
We used pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and analysis of plasmids and β-lactamases to compare the ceftriaxone-resistant S. enterica serotype typhimurium from the child with four isolates of this strain …

Genetic Resistance To Experimental Infection With In Red Deer (Cervus Elaphus), Colin G. Mackintosh, Tariq Qureshi, Ken Waldrup, Robert E. Labes, Ken G. Dodds, J. Frank T. Griffin

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Tuberculosis (Tb) caused by Mycobacterium bovis is a worldwide threat to livestock and humans. One control strategy is to breed livestock that are more resistant to Mycobacterium bovis. In a 3-year heritability study 6 farmed red deer stags were selected from 39 on the basis of their differing responses to experimental challenge via the tonsillar sac with approximately 500 CFU of M. bovis. Two stags remained uninfected, two were moderately affected, and two developed serious spreading Tb. Seventy offspring, bred from these six stags by artificial insemination using stored semen, were similarly challenged with M. bovis …

Virus-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis Blocked By The Herpes Simplex Virus Latency-Associated Transcript, Guey-Chuen Perng, Clinton J. Jones, Janice Ciacci-Zanella, Melissa Stone, Gail A. Henderson, Ada Yukht, Susan M. Slanina, Florence M. Hofman, Homayon Ghiasi, Anthony B. Nesburn, Steven L. Wechsler

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Latent infections with periodic reactivation are a common outcome after acute infection with many viruses. The latency-associated transcript (LAT) gene is required for wild-type reactivation of herpes simplex virus (HSV). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In rabbit trigeminal ganglia, extensive apoptosis occurred with LAT^- virus but not with LAT⁺ viruses. In addition, a plasmid expressing LAT blocked apoptosis in cultured cells. Thus, LAT promotes neuronal survival after HSV-1 infection by reducing apoptosis.

Bulletin 4394 - Exotic Diseases - Sheep And Goats, Agriculture Western Australia

Bulletins 4000 -

An exotic disease is a disease which does not occur in Australia.

If an exotic disease did occur in Australia it would cause production losses, stock deaths and stop exports of primary production. When export markets are lost they can only be re-established once it is proven the disease is eradicated. Some exotic diseases may be transmitted to humans

Prevalence Of Antibody To Hepatitis E Virus Among Rodents In The United States, Michael O. Favorov, Michael Y. Kosoy, Sergei A. Tsarev, James E. Childs, Harold S. Margolis

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

The recent identification of antibody to hepatitis E virus (HEV) in pigs, sheep, and cattle and characterization of an HEV isolated from domestic pigs suggest animal reservoirs for this virus. To investigate whether rodents might be a natural reservoir of HEV, the prevalence of anti-HEV was determined among a variety of species throughout the United States. Serum samples were obtained from 806 rodents of 26 species in 15 genera. Anti-HEV prevalence was assessed by 2 EIAs (mosaic protein- and 55-kDa protein-based), which gave concordant results. The highest prevalence of antibody was found in the genus Rattus (59.7%; 66/278). Overall, rodents …

Incidence Of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Among American Indians In Oklahoma, Jennifer H. Mcquiston, Robert C. Holman, Amy V. Groom, Stephen F. Kaufman, James E. Cheek, James E. Childs

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Althought he state of Oklahoma has traditionally reported very high incidence rates of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) cases, the incidence of RMSF among the American Indian population of the state has not been studied. The authors used data from several sources to estimate the incidence of RMSF among American Indians in Oklahoma.

Primary Isolation Of Ehrlichia Chaffeensis From Patients With Febrile Illnesses: Clinical And Molecular Characteristics, Steven M. Standaert, Tina Yu, Margie A. Scott, James E. Childs, Christopher D. Paddock, William L. Nicholson, Joseph Singleton Jr., Martin J. Blaser

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Ehrlichia chaffeensis was sought among patients with a history of tick exposure and fever, and the accuracy of other diagnostic tests was compared with that of primary isolation. Among the 38 patients enrolled, E. chaffeensis was isolated from the blood of 7 (18%) and from cerebrospinal fluid specimens of 2 of these 7. All 7 patients also were positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of blood, and 6 patients developed diagnostic titers of antibody to E. chaffeensis. The isolates were characterized by molecular analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, the 120-kDa protein gene, and the variable-length PCR target (VLPT) …

Mortality In Serologically Unconfirmed Mediterranean Spotted Fever [With Reply], Pablo Yagupsky, Christopher D. Paddock, James E. Childs, Sherif R. Zaki, Stephen A. Berger

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

I read with interest the article by Paddock et al. [1], who described the detection of occult mortality due to Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) by demonstrating Rickettsia rickettsii antigens or DNA in blood and tissues. In Mediterranean countries, including Israel, spotted fever is caused by members of the R. conorii complex, which are antigenically related to R. rickettsii. ...

To the Editor -- We appreciate the comments by Yagupsky, which underscore several of the salient features of spotted fever- group rickettsial infections that we emphasized in our report [2]. For patients, diagnosticians, and clinicians faced with the potentially tragic …

Department Of Veterinary And Biomedical Sciences: 2000 Annual Report

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Information and History

Foreword, 2000 John A . Schmitz. Professor and Department Head
Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Personnel
Faculty Profiles
Teaching program
Research program
Extension Program
Nebraska Veterinary and Diagnostic Laboratory Systems
Grants and Contracts Funded or Active in 2000
Patents by VBMS Faculty in 2000
Publications by VBMS Faculty in 2000
Presentations by VBMS Faculty in 2000
Articles Regarding the Department in 2000
Selected Committees, Editorial and Other Appointments of VBMS Faculty
Departmental Budget Summaries
Nebraska Agricultural Statistics 1999

Use Of Gis To Evaluate Livestock-Wildlife Interactions Relative To Tuberculosis Spread On Molokai Island, Hawaii, Stephanie Bany, Jerome Freier

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Historically, bovine tuberculosis has occurred and been eradicated several times on the Hawaiian island of Molokai. After the most recent depopulation of cattle, TB was again identified in an adult cow in 1997, thus continuing the investigation into why bovine tuberculosis is reoccurring on the island. The Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health (CEAH) have implemented spatial analysis using ArcView software that, along with epidemiological investigations, attempts to identify the environmental factors responsible for maintaining this disease in natural foci. To examine the ecological aspects of tuberculosis transmission from wildlife to livestock, and to identify the foci of infection, we …

Quantitative Image Analysis Of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Replication In Macrophages Coinfected With Mycobacterium Avium Complex, Qingsheng Li, Keith G. Mansfield, Andrew Lackner, Ashley T. Haase

Qingsheng Li Publications

Mycobacterium avium is the most frequent cause of disseminated bacterial infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and in rhesus macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection. This animal model of AIDS was used to test the hypothesis that this frequent association is the result of reciprocal enhancement of replication of both microorganisms. The replication of M. avium and SIV was analyzed in lymphatic tissues obtained from rhesus macaques experimentally inoculated with SIVmac who developed or remained free of overt M. avium infection. In situ hybridization, quantitative image analysis, and staining of M. avium and of macrophages …

Isovolumic Regulation In Nervous Tissue: A Novel Mechanism Of Cell Volume Regulation, O. Quesada, R. Franco, K. Hernandez-Fonseca, K. Tuz

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Cell volume regulation is a property present in most animal cell lineages that allows them to recover their original volume after events of swelling or shrinkage. Such events can be caused by changes in external osmolarity or to osmotic gradients generated during normal cell functioning.4,6 The mechanism of cell volume regulation involves transmembrane fluxes of osmotically active solutes in the necessary direction to counteract the net gain or loss of intracellular water.9 The process through which cells recover their normal volume after swelling is named Regulatory Volume Decrease (RVD). This consists of the efflux of inorganic osmolytes, such as K …

Elaeophorosis In Red Deer From Spain, Mónica Santín-Durán, J. M. Alunda, J. M. San Miguel, Eric P. Hoberg, C. De La Fuente

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Elaeophorosis, caused by Elaeophora elaphi, was observed in red deer (Cervus elaphus) from Toledo Province (Spain) for the first time. Adult specimens of Elaeophora elaphi were found in the hepatic vessels of nine of 151 red deer between October 1994 and September 1995; intensity of infection was two to 18 nematodes per host. Adult nematodes were only found during the period from fall through early spring. No differences were present between sex or age groups. Parasites were not found in a limited sample from fallow deer (Dama dama). Blood samples were negative for the presence of …

Fungal Diseases (Field Manual Of Wildlife Diseases), Milton Friend

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Fungi are important causes of disease in wild birds and other species. Three basic types of disease are caused by these agents: mycosis, or the direct invasion of tissues by fungal cells, such as aspergillosis; allergic disease involving the development of a hypersensitivity of the host to fungal antigens; and mycotoxicosis, which results from ingestion of toxic fungal metabolites. Mycosis and allergic disease may occur together, especially when the lung is infected. This section will address only mycosis. Mycotoxicosis is addressed in Section 6, Biotoxins. Allergic disease is not well studied in wild birds and it is beyond the scope …

Parasites And Parisitic Diseases (Field Manual Of Wildlife Diseases), Rebecca A. Cole, Milton Friend

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Parasitism is an intimate relationship between two different species in which one (parasite) uses the other (host) as its environment from which it derives nourishment. Parasites are a highly diverse group of organisms that have evolved different strategies for infecting their hosts. Some, such as lice and ticks, are found on the external parts of the body (ectoparasites), but most are found internally (endoparasites). Some are microscopic, such as the blood protozoans that cause avian malaria; however, many are macroscopic. Life cycles differ greatly between major types of parasites and are generally classified as direct or indirect (Table 1). Direct …

Biotoxins (Field Manual Of Wildlife Diseases), Tonie E. Rocke, Milton Friend

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Biotoxins are usually defined as poisons that are produced by and derived from the cells or secretions of living organisms. These natural poisons include some of the most toxic agents known and they are found within a wide variety of life forms. Organisms that produce such toxins are generally classified as being venomous or poisonous. The classification of venomous is usually associated with animal life forms such as poisonous reptiles and insects that have highly developed cellular mechanisms for toxin production and that deliver their toxins during a biting (rattlesnake) or stinging (black widow spider) act. Poisonous organisms are generally …

Chemical Toxins (Field Manual Of Wildlife Diseases), Milton Friend

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Many kinds of potentially harmful chemicals are found in environments used by wildlife. Some chemicals, such as pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), are synthetic compounds that may become environmental contaminants through their use and application. Other materials, such as selenium and salt, are natural components of some environments, but contaminants of others. Natural and synthetic materials may cause direct poisoning and death, but they also may have adverse effects on wildlife that impair certain biological systems, such as the reproductive and immune systems. This section provides information about some of the environmental contaminants and natural chemicals that commonly cause avian …

Field Manual Of Wildlife Diseases: General Field Procedures And Diseases Of Birds, Milton Friend, J. Christian Franson

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

The “Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases: General Field Procedures and Diseases of Birds” presents practical, current information and insights about wild bird illnesses and the procedures to follow when ill birds are found or epidemics occur. Section 1 of the Manual provides information about general field procedures. Sections 2 through 5 describe various bird diseases. Sections 6 and 7 provide information about toxins that affect birds, and Section 8 describes miscellaneous diseases and hazards that affect birds. Manual lists institutions and laboratories that offer diagnostic services; sources of supplies for collecting, preserving, and shipping specimens; and it contains color illustrations …

Introduction To General Field Procedures (Field Manual Of Wildlife Diseases), J. Christian Franson, Milton Friend, Dale E. Toweill, Robert L. Brownell Jr., Victor F. Nettles, Donald S. Davis, William J. Foreyt

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Section 1 of the Manual provides basic information regarding general field procedures for responding to wildlife disease events. Field biologists provide a critical linkage in disease diagnostic work and greatly affect the outcome of the laboratory efforts by the quality of the materials and information that they provide. The chapters in this section are oriented towards providing guidance that will assist field biologists in gathering the quality of information and specimens that are needed. Readers will find information regarding what to record and how; guidance for specimen collection, preservation, and shipment; and how to apply euthanasia when such actions are …

Bacterial Diseases (Field Manual Of Wildlife Diseases), Milton Friend

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Diseases caused by bacteria are a more common cause of mortality in wild birds than are those caused by viruses. In addition to infection, some bacteria cause disease as a result of potent toxins that they produce. Bacteria of the genus Clostridium are responsible for more wild bird deaths than are other disease agents. Clostridium botulinum, which causes avian botulism, is primarily a form of food poisoning and it is included within the section on biotoxins (see Chapter 38). Other Clostridium sp. that colonize intestinal tissues produce toxins that cause severe hemorrhaging of the intestine, thus leading to tissue …

Viral Diseases (Field Manual Of Wildlife Diseases), Douglas E. Docherty

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Historically, viral diseases have not been recognized as major causes of illness and death in North American wild birds. Until relatively recently, this may have been due to inadequate technology to culture and identify these organisms. Unlike bacteria, viruses are too small to be seen under the light microscope and they cannot be grown on artificial media. Nevertheless, studies of infectious diseases caused by viruses have often predated discovery of the causative agents by many years as evidenced by smallpox immunizations being used centuries before that virus was identified. The isolations of a tobacco mosaic virus in 1892 and foot …

Miscellaneous Diseases (Field Manual Of Wildlife Diseases), Milton Friend, Nancy J. Thomas

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

The fact that “Nature is far from benign” is clearly evident from the preceding chapters of this Manual. The diseases and other conditions described are the proverbial “tip of the iceberg” relative to the number of specific causes of ill health and death for free-ranging wild birds, but the wild bird health problems described account for most major wild bird disease conditions seen within the United States. However, the full toll from disease involves many other causes of illness and death that individually may cause substantial die-offs. Two examples of these other causes of die-offs are the deaths of Canada …

Introduction, Foreword, Table Of Contents (Field Manual Of Wildlife Diseases)

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Cover
credits
Title page
Foreword by Thomas M. Yuill
Introduction by Milton Friend
Table of Contents

Appendices, Glossary, And Index (Field Manual Of Wildlife Diseases)

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

A. Sample specimen history form
B. Sources of wildlife diagnostic assistance in the United States
C. Sources of supplies used for collecting, preserving, and shipping specimens
D. Normal brain cholinesterase activity values
E. Common and scientific names of birds in text
F. Common and scientific names other than birds
G. Chemical names
H. Conversion table

Glossary
Index

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE

An Investigation Into The Possibility Of Transmission Of Tick-Borne Pathogens Via Blood Transfusion, P. M. Arguin, J. Singleton, L. D. Rotz, E. Marston, T. A. Treadwell, K. Slater, M. Chamberland, A. Schwartz, A. Tengelsen, J. G. Olson, J. E. Childs, Transfusion-Associated Tick-Borne Illness Task Force

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Donors and recipients were asked to complete questionnaires regarding symptoms and risk factors for infection and to provide blood samples for laboratory analysis.

RESULTS: Among National Guard personnel who donated blood, 12 individuals were found to have a confirmed or probable case of Rocky Mountain spotted fever or ehrlichiosis. A total of 320 units (platelets or packed red cells) from 377 donors were transfused into 129 recipients. Although 10 recipients received units from National Guard personnel with confirmed or probable infection, none became ill.

CONCLUSION: Transfusion-transmitted illness did not occur. Despite the awareness of the risk …

Optimal Replication Activity Of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Rna Polymerase Requires Phosphorylation Of A Residue(S) At Carboxy-Terminal Domain Ii Of Its Accessory Subunit, Phosphoprotein P, Leroy N. Hwang, Nathan Englund, Tapas Das, Amiya K. Florida, Asit K. Pattnaik

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The phosphoprotein, P, of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a key subunit of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex. The protein is phosphorylated at multiple sites in two different domains. We recently showed that specific serine and threonine residues within the amino-terminal acidic domain I of P protein must be phosphorylated for in vivo transcription activity, but not for replication activity, of the polymerase complex. To examine the role of phosphorylation of the carboxy-terminal domain II residues of the P protein in transcription and replication, we have used a panel of mutant P proteins in which the phosphate acceptor sites …

Nucleotide Sequences For Detection Of Serpulina Hyodysenteriae, Gerald E. Duhamel, Robert Elder

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The invention provides a method for detecting the presence of Serpulina hyodysenteriae in a biological Sample, an oligonucleotide primer and an S. hyodysenteriae-specific oligonucleotide probe useful in that method, and an article of manufacture that contains the primers and/or probe. Also provided are an about 2.3-kb DNA fragment derived from genomic DNA of S. hyodysenteriae and encoding for an about 56 kDa polypeptide, a recombinant expression vector containing the DNA fragment, the 56 kDa polypeptide and a monoclonal antibody reactive with the peptide, and a method of assaying for antibodies reactive with the 56 kDa peptide.

Common Parasites, Diseases And Injuries Of Freshwater Fishes In The Northwest Territories And Nunavut, D. B. Stewart, L. M. J. Bernier

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

This booklet gives basic information on common parasites, diseases and injuries of fish harvested from fresh water in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut (Canada). It answers some of the more common questions asked by Aboriginal, domestic, sport and commercial harvesters, and by fisheries researchers. It is not an in depth treatment of fish health. Parasites that are uncommon or too small to be seen with the naked eye and diseases that are poorly known are not discussed. Relatively little research has been conducted on fish parasites in the region, less still on fish diseases and injuries.