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Moraxella Spp. Isolated From Field Outbreaks Of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis: A Retrospective Study Of Case Submissions From 2010 To 2013, John Dustin Loy, Bruce W. Brodersen

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), also known as pinkeye, is the most costly eye disease of cattle. The principal etiologic agent of IBK is the Gram-negative bacterium Moraxella bovis. However, there have been reports of IBK outbreaks associated with Moraxella bovoculi. A retrospective study of IBK diagnostic cases submitted from July 1, 2010, through October 31, 2013, was conducted. Included in the study were 1,042 Moraxella isolates from 1,538 swabs of lacrimal secretions collected from 282 herds from 30 U.S. states. Moraxella isolates were identified to the species level and were composed of M. bovoculi (701 isolates), M. bovis …

In Situ Detection Of Autoreactive Cd4 T Cells In Brain And Heart Using Major Histocompatibility Complex Class Ii Dextramers, Chandirasegaran Massilamany, Arunakumar Gangaplara, Ting Jia, Christian Elowsky, Qingsheng Li, You Zhou, Jay Reddy

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

This report demonstrates the use of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II dextramers for detection of autoreactive CD4 T cells in situ in myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) 139-151-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in SJL mice and cardiac myosin heavy chain-α (Myhc) 334-352-induced experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) in A/J mice. Two sets of cocktails of dextramer reagents were used, where dextramers+ cells were analyzed by laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM): EAE, IAs/PLP 139-151 dextramers (specific)/anti- CD4 and IAs/Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) 70-86 dextramers (control)/anti-CD4; and EAM, IAk/Myhc 334-352 dextramers/ anti-CD4 and IAk/bovine ribonuclease (RNase) 43-56 dextramers (control)/anti-CD4. LSCM analysis of …

Generation Of Calves Persistently Infected With Hobi-Like Pestivirus And Comparison Of Methods For Detection Of These Persistent Infections, F. V. Bauermann, S. M. Falkenberg, B. Vander Ley, N. Decaro, Bruce W. Brodersen, A. Harmon, B. Hessman, E. F. Flores, J. F. Ridpath

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The identification and elimination of persistently infected (PI) cattle are the most effective measures for controlling bovine pestiviruses, including bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and the emerging HoBi-like viruses. Here, colostrum-deprived calves persistently infected with HoBi-like pestivirus (HoBi-like PI calves) were generated and sampled (serum, buffy coat, and ear notches) on the day of birth (DOB) and weekly for 5 consecutive weeks. The samples were subjected to diagnostic tests for BVDV—two reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) assays, two commercial real-time RT quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), two antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ACE), and immunohistochemistry (IHC)—and to HoBi-like virus-specific RT-PCR and RT-qPCR assays. …

Generation And Screening Of A Comprehensive Mycobacterium Avium Subsp. Paratuberculosis Transposon Mutant Bank, Govardhan Rathnaiah, Elise A. Lamont, N. Beth Harris, Robert J. Fenton, Denise K. Zinniel, Xiaofei Liu, Josh Sotos, Zhengyu Feng, Ayala Livneh-Kol, Nahum Y. Shpigel, Charles J. Czuprynski, Srinand Sreevatsan, Raul G. Barletta

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiologic agent of Johne’s Disease in ruminants. This enteritis has significant economic impact and world wide distribution. Vaccination is one of the most cost effective infectious disease control measures. Unfortunately, current vaccines reduce clinical disease and shedding, but are of limited efficacy and do not provide long-term protective immunity. Several strategies have been followed to mine the MAP genome for virulence determinants that could be applied to vaccine and diagnostic assay developent. In this study, a comprehensive mutant bank of 13,536 MAP K-10 Tn5367 mutants (P>95% )was constructed and screened in …

Noninvasive Assessment Of Cardiac Abnormalities In Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis By Magnetic Resonance Microscopy Imaging In The Mouse, Chandirasegara Massilamany, Vahid Khalilzad-Sharghi, Arunakumar Gangaplara, David Steffen, Shadi F. Othman, Jay Reddy

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the myocardium, but only ~10% of those affected show clinical manifestations of the disease. To study the immune events of myocardial injuries, various mouse models of myocarditis have been widely used. This study involved experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) induced with cardiac myosin heavy chain (Myhc)-α 334-352 in A/J mice; the affected animals develop lymphocytic myocarditis but with no apparent clinical signs. In this model, the utility of magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) as a non-invasive modality to determine the cardiac structural and functional changes in animals immunized with Myhc-α 334-352 is shown. EAM and healthy mice …

Intricacies Of Cardiac Damage In Coxsackievirus B3 Infection: Implications For Therapy, Chandirasegara Massilamany, Arunakumar Gangaplara, Jay Reddy

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Heart disease is the leading cause of death in humans, and myocarditis is one predominant cause of heart failure in young adults. Patients affected with myocarditis can develop dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a common reason for heart transplantation, which to date is the only viable option for combatting DCM. Myocarditis/DCM patients show antibodies to coxsackievirus B (CVB)3 and cardiac antigens, suggesting a role for CVB-mediated autoimmunity in the disease pathogenesis; however, a direct causal link remains to be determined clinically. Experimentally, myocarditis can be induced in susceptible strains of mice using the human isolates of CVB3, and the disease pathogenesis of …

Direct Staining With Major Histocompatibility Complex Class Ii Dextramers Permits Detection Of Antigen- Specific, Autoreactive Cd4 T Cells In Situ, Chandirasegaran Massilamany, Arunakumar Gangaplara, Ting Jia, Christian Elowsky, Guobin Kang, Jean-Jack Riethoven, Qingsheng Li, You Zhou, Jay Reddy

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

We report here the utility of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II dextramers for in situ detection of self-reactive CD4 T cells in two target organs, the brain and heart. We optimized the conditions for in situ detection of antigen-specific CD4 T cells using brain sections obtained from SJL mice immunized with myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) 139–151; the sections were costained with IA^s/PLP 139–151 (specific) or Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) 70–86 (control) dextramers and anti-CD4. Analysis of sections by laser scanning confocal microscope revealed detection of cells positive for PLP 139–151 but not for TMEV 70–86 dextramers …

Influence Of Iron And Aeration On Staphylococcus Aureus Growth, Metabolism, And Transcription, Nagender Ledala, Bo Zhang, Javier Seravalli, Robert Powers, Greg Somerville

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Staphylococcus aureus is a prominent nosocomial pathogen and a major cause of biomaterial-associated infections. The success of S. aureus as a pathogen is due in part to its ability to adapt to stressful environments. As an example, the transition from residing in the nares to residing in the blood or deeper tissues is accompanied by changes in the availability of nutrients and elements such as oxygen and iron. As such, nutrients, oxygen, and iron are important determinants of virulence factor synthesis in S. aureus. In addition to influencing virulence factor synthesis, oxygen and iron are critical cofactors in enzymatic and …

Varestrongylus Eleguneniensis Sp. N. (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae): A Widespread, Multi-Host Lungworm Of Wild North American Ungulates, With An Emended Diagnosis For The Genus And Explorations Of Biogeography, Guilherme G. Verocai, Susan J. Kutz, Manon Simard, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Background: A putative new species of Varestrongylus has been recently recognized in wild North American ungulates based on the ITS-2 sequences of larvae isolated from feces during a wide geographic survey. No taxonomic description was provided, as adult specimens were not examined. Methods: Lungworm specimens were collected in the terminal bronchioles of muskoxen from Quebec, and a woodland caribou from central Alberta, Canada. The L3 stage was recovered from experimentally infected slugs (Deroceras spp.). Description of specimens was based on comparative morphology and integrated approaches. Molecular identity was determined by PCR and sequencing of the ITS-2 region of …

Sjl Mice Infected With Acanthamoeba Castellanii Develop Central Nervous System Autoimmunity Through The Generation Of Cross-Reactive T Cells For Myelin Antigens, Jay Reddy, Chandirasegaran Massilamany, Francine Marciano-Cabral, Bruno Da Rocha-Azevedo, Melissa Jamerson, Arunakumar Gangaplara, David Steffen, Rana Zabad, Zsolt Illes, Raymond Sobel

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

We recently reported that Acanthamoeba castellanii (ACA), an opportunistic pathogen of the central nervous system (CNS) possesses mimicry epitopes for proteolipid protein (PLP) 139–151 and myelin basic protein 89–101, and that the epitopes induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in SJL mice reminiscent of the diseases induced with their corresponding cognate peptides. We now demonstrate that mice infected with ACA also show the generation of crossreactive T cells, predominantly for PLP 139–151, as evaluated by T cell proliferation and IAs/dextramer staining. We verified that PLP 139–151-sensitized lymphocytes generated in infected mice contained a high proportion of T helper 1 cytokineproducing cells, …

Environmental Salmonella In Agricultural Fair Poultry Exhibits In Colorado, K. L. Pabilonia, K. J. Cadmus, T. M. Lingus, D. S. Bolte, M. M. Russell, D. C. Van Metre, M. M. Erdman

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Salmonella enterica is a common zoonotic pathogen in humans. Transmission typically occurs through consumption of contaminated food products or contact with infected animals, including poultry or their environment. The objective of this study was to estimate the frequency of Salmonella contamination in the environment in poultry exhibits at agricultural fairs. Samples were collected from cages, feed, floors and tables in the exhibit and cultured for Salmonella. At least one environmental sample was positive for Salmonella in 10 of 11 fairs (91%), and Salmonella was isolated from 28 of 55 environmental samples (50.9%). Eleven different serotypes were detected. Results of …

Tick-Bourne Pathogens Of Potential Zoonotic Importance In The Southern African Region, Simbarashe Chitanga, Holly Gaff, Samson Mukaratirwa

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The aim of this communication is to provide preliminary information on the tick-borne pathogens of potential zoonotic importance present in southern Africa, mainly focusing on their geographical distribution and host range, and to identify research gaps. The following tick-borne zoonoses have been reported to occur in southern Africa based mainly on case reports: Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever caused by Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever virus; ehrlichiosis caused by Ehrlichia ruminantium, Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum; babesiosis caused by Babesia microti; relapsing fever caused by Borrelia duttonii and rickettsioses caused by Rickettsia africae, Rickettsia aeschlimannii and Rickettsia conorii. The …

Calving Assistance Influences The Occurrence Of Umbilical Cord Pathologies Treated Surgically In Calves, Carlos Moscuzza, Horacio Milicich, Guadalupe Alvarez, Betiana Gutierrez, Mariano Nahum

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Ninety-two umbilical pathologies were surgically treated in Holstein, Aberdeen Angus, and Polled Hereford calves, both males and females, whose ages ranged between 2 and 8 months. The pathology diagnosis was performed considering the main anatomical elements involved in the umbilical cord, the inflammation progression, and the macroscopic characteristics of injuries. The umbilical cord pathologies were related to calving characteristics. The proportion of affected umbilical cords in calves born via assisted calving (77%) was significantly higher than that observed in calves born from normal parturition. The umbilical cord pathology of highest occurrence was omphalophlebitis (53.2%). A considerable proportion of infectious diseases …

Outer Surface Lipoprotein Layer Homeostasis And Gene Regulation In Borrelia Burgdorferi, Poonam Dadhwal

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The outer surface lipoprotein (osp) layer forms an interface between the internal and the external environment of the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi. The homeostatic maintenance of the osp layer effectuates adaptation of B. burgdorferi as it gets transmitted from the tick vector to a mammalian host and vice-versa. However, the regulation of the outer surface lipoproteins (osps) is still a conundrum for borrelia scientists. Part of this dissertation inquires about the homeostatic maintenance of the osp layer. We found that the deletion of the dominantly expressed tick phase osp, OspA, induces expression of two other osps. OspD, and BBJ41. …

Animal Health Matters, Russ Daly, Jane Hennings

Animal Health MATTERS Newsletter

[Page] 1- SDSU’s ADRDL Receives Full Accreditation through AAVLD [Page] 2- Director's Message: Being a “Game Changer” [Page] 2- Bailey Herd Health Conference to Focus on Food Animal Vaccination Considerations [Page] 3- SDSU Creates Extension Position for Livestock Stewardship [Page] 3- Development of an Indirect ELISA for Detection of Antibodies Against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) [Page] 4- ADRDL Bacteriology Section Working at the Cutting Edge [Page] 5- MALDI-TOF Technology Speeds Bacteriology Results [Page] 6- New Hires [Page] 6- Use Computer Spreadsheets or Word Processing for Large Sample Submissions [Page] 6- Tularemia in a South Dakota Cat [Page] 7- Animal …

Animal Health Matters, Russ Daly

Animal Health MATTERS Newsletter

[Page] 1- Hennings named Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Department Head [Page] 2- Director's Message: How Can We Serve You Better? [Page] 2- SDSU Pre-Veterinary Students Accepted to Veterinary Schools for Fall 2013 [Page] 3- SDVMA and SDSU Honor Pre-Veterinary Students with Stethoscopes [Page] 3- 2013-2014 SDSU Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Department Scholarship Award Winners [Page] 4- Molecular Diagnostics Section Remains on the Cutting Edge [Page] 5- SDSU’s ADRDL Demonstrates Rapid Response to Need for Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) Diagnostic Tests [Page] 6- Comings and Goings [Page] 6- New Faces Medicine [Page] 7- ADRDL Participates in SDVMA Annual Meeting [Page] …

Growing South Dakota (Fall 2013), College Of Agriculture &. Biological Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

[Page] 2 Crop Watchers: Plant Science Department Research Efforts Strive To Enhance Farming Practices
[Page] 5 Profiles In Leadership: David Wright; Collegiate Leadership Matters
[Page] 6 Fall Collegiate News
[Page] 8 Opportunities To Explore: College’s Summer Camps Help Spark Career Interests
[Page] 10 Collaborative Campaign: Sales Of Cull Cows Helping Fund New SDSU Cow-Calf Facility
[Page] 12 Notable
[Page] 13 A Message From The SDSU Foundation

Small Molecule Antagonists Of Melanopsin-Mediated Phototransduction, Kenneth A. Jones, Megumi Hatori, Ludovic S. Mure, Jayne R. Bramley, Roman Artymyshyn, Sang-Phyo Hong, Mohammad Marzabadi, Huailing Zhong, Jeffrey Sprouse, Quansheng Zhu, Andrew T. E. Hartwick, Patricia J. Sollars, Gary E. Pickard, Satchidananda Panda

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Melanopsin, expressed in a subset of retinal ganglion cells, mediates behavioral adaptation to ambient light and other non-image forming photic responses. This has raised the possibility that pharmacological manipulation of melanopsin can modulate several CNS responses including photophobia, sleep, circadian rhythms and neuroendocrine function. Here we describe the identification of a potent synthetic melanopsin antagonist with in vivo activity. Novel sulfonamide compounds inhibiting melanopsin (opsinamides) compete with retinal binding to melanopsin and inhibit its function without affecting rod/cone mediated responses. In vivo administration of opsinamides to mice specifically and reversibly modified melanopsin-dependent light responses including the pupillary light reflex and …

Structural, Antigenic, And Evolutionary Characterizations Of The Envelope Protein Of Newly Emerging Duck Tembusu Virus, Kexoang Yu, Zhi-Zhang Sheng, Bing Huang, Xiuli Ma, Yufeng Li, Xiaoyuam Yuan, Zhuoming Qin, Dan Wang, Suvobrata Chakravarty, Feng Li, Minxun Song, Huaichang Sun

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Since the first reported cases of ducks infected with a previously unknown flavivirus in eastern China in April 2010, the virus, provisionally designated Duck Tembusu Virus (DTMUV), has spread widely in domestic ducks in China and caused significant economic losses to poultry industry. In this study, we examined in detail structural, antigenic, and evolutionary properties of envelope (E) proteins of six DTMUV isolates spanning 2010–2012, each being isolated from individual farms with different geographical locations where disease outbreaks were documented. Structural analysis showed that E proteins of DTMUV and its closely related flavivirus (Japanese Encephalitis Virus) shared a conserved array …

Osmotic Stress, Not Aldose Reductase Activity, Directly Induces Growth Factors And Mapk Signaling Changes During Sugar Cataract Formation, Peng Zhang, Kuiyi Xing, James Randazzo, Karen Blessing, Marjorie F. Lou, Peter Kador

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

In sugar cataract formation in rats, aldose reductase (AR) actitvity is not only linked to lenticular sorbitol (diabetic) or galactitol (galactosemic) formation but also to signal transduction changes, cytotoxic signals and activation of apoptosis. Using both in vitro and in vivo techniques, the interrelationship between AR activity, polyol (sorbitol and galactitol) formation, osmotic stress, growth factor induction, and cell signaling changes have been investigated. For in vitro studies, lenses from Sprague Dawley rats were cultured for up to 48 hrs in TC-199-bicarbonate media containing either 30 mM fructose (control), or 30 mM glucose or galctose with/without the aldose reductase inhibitors …

A Joint Matrix Completion And Filtering Model For Influenza Serological Data Integration., Xiao-Tong Yuan, Tong Zhang, Xiu-Feng Wan

CVM Publications

Antigenic characterization based on serological data, such as Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) assay, is one of the routine procedures for influenza vaccine strain selection. In many cases, it would be impossible to measure all pairwise antigenic correlations between testing antigens and reference antisera in each individual experiment. Thus, we have to combine and integrate the HI tables from a number of individual experiments. Measurements from different experiments may be inconsistent due to different experimental conditions. Consequently we will observe a matrix with missing data and possibly inconsistent measurements. In this paper, we develop a new mathematical model, which we refer to …

Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein K Supports Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Replication By Regulating Cell Survival And Cellular Gene Expression, Phat X. Dinh, Anshuman Das, Rodrigo Franco, Asit K. Pattnaik

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) is a member of the family of hnRNPs and was recently shown in a genome-wide small interfering RNA (siRNA) screen to support vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) growth. To decipher the role of hnRNP K in VSV infection, we conducted studies which suggest that the protein is required for VSV spreading. Virus binding to cells, entry, and nucleocapsid uncoating steps were not adversely affected in the absence of hnRNP K, whereas viral genome transcription and replication were reduced slightly. These results indicate that hnRNP K is likely involved in virus assembly and/or release from …

Envelope Determinants Of Equine Lentiviral Vaccine Protection, Jodi K. Craigo, Corin Ezzelarab, Sheila J. Cook, Chong Liu, David W. Horohov, Charles J. Issel, Ronald C. Montelaro

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Lentiviral envelope (Env) antigenic variation and associated immune evasion present major obstacles to vaccine development. The concept that Env is a critical determinant for vaccine efficacy is well accepted, however defined correlates of protection associated with Env variation have yet to be determined. We reported an attenuated equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) vaccine study that directly examined the effect of lentiviral Env sequence variation on vaccine efficacy. The study identified a significant, inverse, linear correlation between vaccine efficacy and increasing divergence of the challenge virus Env gp90 protein compared to the vaccine virus gp90. The report demonstrated approximately 100% protection …

The 23rd Annual Research Conference Abstract Booklet, Mulu Aderie Alemu, Nikki Lynn Rogers

University of Gondar Research Conferences

Staff members, postgraduate and senior undergraduate students of the University, invited guests and speakers participated in the conference. The annual conference of the University is meant to share experiences in research activities among juniors and seniors, staff and students, and invited guests. It is also meant to motivate students and young faculty to engage in research and also to initiate and strengthen interdisciplinary collaborations. The findings of the studies and the resulting recommendations are expected to be used in solving the diverse societal problems we have been facing.

Research activities at the University of Gondar are primarily aimed at solving …

Assessment Of Introduction Pathway For Novel Avian Influenza Virus Into North America By Wild Birds From Eurasia, Ryan S. Miller, Steven J. Sweeney, Judy E. Akkina, Emi K. Saito

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

A critical question surrounding emergence of novel strains of avian influenza viruses (AIV) is the ability for wild migratory birds to translocate a complete (unreassorted whole genome) AIV intercontinentally. Virus translocation via migratory birds is suspected in outbreaks of highly pathogenic strain A(H5N1) in Asia, Africa, and Europe. As a result, the potential intercontinental translocation of newly emerging AIV (e.g. A(H7N9) from Eurasia to North America via migratory movements of birds) remains a concern. An estimated 1.48 to 2.91 million aquatic birds, principally Anseriformes (ducks, geese, and swans) and Charadriiformes (gulls, terns, and shorebirds) move annually between Eurasia and North …

A Perspective On Multiple Waves Of Influenza Pandemics, Anna Mummert, Howard Weiss, Li-Ping Long, José M. Amigó, Xiu-Feng Wan

CVM Publications

BACKGROUND: A striking characteristic of the past four influenza pandemic outbreaks in the United States has been the multiple waves of infections. However, the mechanisms responsible for the multiple waves of influenza or other acute infectious diseases are uncertain. Understanding these mechanisms could provide knowledge for health authorities to develop and implement prevention and control strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We exhibit five distinct mechanisms, each of which can generate two waves of infections for an acute infectious disease. The first two mechanisms capture changes in virus transmissibility and behavioral changes. The third mechanism involves population heterogeneity (e.g., demography, geography), where …

Animal Health Matters, Russ Daly

Animal Health MATTERS Newsletter

[Page] 1- Dave Zeman Retires as Department Head and Director [Page] 2- Interim Director's Message: Transitions [Page] 3- Dr. Ying Fang Awarded Distinguished Researcher Award at SDSU [Page] 3- Ag Day at Washington Pavilion Specimen Receiving and Necropsy Sections [Page] 4- Serology Section at ADRDL [Page] 5- Effect of Safe-Guard Free-Choice Mineral Blocks on Tri-Chostrongyle Nematodes in Pastured Cattle from Eastern South Dakota [Page] 6- Travis Clement Recognized for Professional Staff Excellence [Page] 6- Lucinda Bloker Joins ADRDL Workforce [Page] 7- Bailey Herd Health Conference Covers Sheep and Goat Medicine [Page] 7- Continuing Education Events

Svsxp: A Strongylus Vulgaris Antigen With Potential For Prepatent Diagnosis, Ulla V. Andersen, Daniel K. Howe, Sriveny Dangoudoubiyam, Nils Toft, Craig R. Reinemeyer, Eugene T. Lyons, Susanne N. Olsen, Jesper Monrad, Peter Nejsum, Martin K. Nielsen

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Strongyle parasites are ubiquitous in grazing horses. Strongylus vulgaris, the most pathogenic of the large strongyles, is known for its extensive migration in the mesenteric arterial system. The lifecycle of S. vulgaris is characterised by a long prepatent period where the migrating larvae are virtually undetectable as there currently is no test available for diagnosing prepatent S. vulgaris infection. Presence of S. vulgaris larvae in the arterial system causes endarteritis and thrombosis with a risk of non-strangulating intestinal infarctions. Emergence of anthelmintic resistance among cyathostomins has led to recommendations of reduced treatment intensity by targeting horses that exceed a …

Navigating Diversity And Inclusion In Veterinary Medicine, Lisa M. Greenhill, Kauline Cipriani Davis, Patricia M. Lowrie, Sandra F. Amass

New Directions in the Human-Animal Bond

This book addresses the continued lack of the diversity in veterinary medicine, the least inclusive of all medical professions. Effective navigation of the complexity of diversity and inclusion in veterinary medicine requires clear enumeration, recognition, and understanding of key issues, challenges, and opportunities. In a nation with rapidly changing demographics, public needs and expectations of the veterinary profession will continue to evolve. A more diverse scientific workforce is required to feed the veterinary profession, not just for the purposed of equity, but as necessity for its sustainability and relevance.The book lays out the history of diversity in the veterinary profession, …

The Herpesvirus Vp1/2 Protein Is An Effector Of Dynein-Mediated Capsid Transport And Neuroinvasion, Sofia V. Zaichick, Kevin P. Bohannon, Ami Hughes, Patricia J. Sollars, Gary E. Pickard, Gregory A. Smith

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Microtubule transport of herpesvirus capsids from the cell periphery to the nucleus is imperative for viral replication and, in the case of many alphaherpesviruses, transmission into the nervous system. Using the neuroinvasive herpesvirus, pseudorabies virus (PRV), we show that the viral protein 1/2 (VP1/2) tegument protein associates with the dynein/dynactin microtubule motor complex and promotes retrograde microtubule transport of PRV capsids. Functional activation of VP1/2 requires binding to the capsid protein pUL25 or removal of the capsid-binding domain. A proline-rich sequence within VP1/2 is required for the efficient interaction with the dynein/ dynactin microtubule motor complex as well as for …