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Intensive Archaeological Survey For The Lake Leon Dam Improvements Project, Megan Koszarek, Kristin Morgan Jan 2017

Intensive Archaeological Survey For The Lake Leon Dam Improvements Project, Megan Koszarek, Kristin Morgan

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Eastland County Water Supply District has contracted with HDR Engineering, Inc. (HDR) to conduct an intensive archaeological survey in advance of the proposed improvements to the Lake Leon Dam in Eastland County, Texas (Figure 1). The Area of Potential Effects (APE) includes an approximately 6-acre emergency spillway area located east of Farm-to-Market Road (FM) 2461, approximately 400 feet (ft; 122 meters [m]) south of its intersection with County Road (CR) 569, in Eastland County, Texas. Correspondence with the Texas Historical Commission (THC) recommended that a survey be conducted within the emergency spillway area on the east side of FM 2461, …


Intensive Archaeological Survey For The City Of Midland Water Pollution Control Plant Rehabilitation Project, Melanie Johnson, Diana Garnett, Kristin Morgan Jan 2017

Intensive Archaeological Survey For The City Of Midland Water Pollution Control Plant Rehabilitation Project, Melanie Johnson, Diana Garnett, Kristin Morgan

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The City of Midland is proposing to install a new 12-inch (in; 30.5-centimeter [cm]) water pipeline at the Water Pollution Control Plant (WPCP) located south of the intersection of IH 20 and Farm-to-Market (FM) 307 on the east side of the City of Midland in Midland County, Texas (Figure 1-1). This pipeline installation is part of the 2017 WPCP Rehabilitation Project. In advance of the proposed project, the City of Midland contracted HDR, Inc. (HDR) to conduct an intensive archaeological survey of the project area in order to be in compliance with Chapter 191 of the Texas Natural Resources Code, …


Intensive Cultural Resources Survey Of The Tnmp Worsham To Wickett Transmission Line Improvements Project, Melanie Johnson, Ann Keen Jan 2017

Intensive Cultural Resources Survey Of The Tnmp Worsham To Wickett Transmission Line Improvements Project, Melanie Johnson, Ann Keen

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Texas and New Mexico Power Company (TNMP) is proposing to rebuild a 69 kV transmission line from the Worsham substation to the Wickett substation consisting of approximately 28 miles (mi; 45 kilometers [km]) of line in Ward and Reeves counties, Texas. In advance of the proposed project, TNMP contracted HDR, Inc. (HDR) to conduct a cultural resources survey of the portion of the project that crosses land owned by the University of Texas under the Antiquities Code of Texas (13 Texas Administrative Code [TAC] 26.12)

The Area of Potential Effects (APE) included the 100-foot (ft; 30.5 meter [m])) wide …


Intensive Cultural Resources Survey Of The Proposed Bagdad Road At County Road 278 Improvements Project, Williamson County, Texas, Mercedes C. Cody, Christina Nielsen, Victoria Myers Jan 2017

Intensive Cultural Resources Survey Of The Proposed Bagdad Road At County Road 278 Improvements Project, Williamson County, Texas, Mercedes C. Cody, Christina Nielsen, Victoria Myers

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

At the request of Lockwood, Andrews & Newnam, Inc., and on behalf of Williamson County, Texas, SWCA Environmental Consultants conducted an intensive cultural resources survey of the proposed approximately 4,500-foot-long (1371.6 meters [m]) Bagdad Road (County Road [CR] 279) Improvements Project extending 1,000 feet (304.8 m) north and south of CR 278 and 2,500 feet (762.0 m) west-southwest of CR 278 in western Williamson County, Texas. The project area is located between the communities of Liberty Hill and Leander along the intersection of CR 279, also known as Bagdad Road, and CR 278. Since the project involves lands that will …


Cultural Resources Survey For The Proposed Warehouse Center Drive Project Located In Harris County, Texas, Jacob Hilton, Tony Scott Jan 2017

Cultural Resources Survey For The Proposed Warehouse Center Drive Project Located In Harris County, Texas, Jacob Hilton, Tony Scott

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In October 2017, Gray & Pape, Inc., of Houston, Texas, performed an intensive pedestrian cultural resources survey of approximately 13.8 hectares (34 acres) of land proposed for development in northeast Harris County, Texas. The Lead Federal Agency for this project has been identified as the United States Army Corps of Engineers, Galveston District.

The goals of the survey were to establish whether previously unidentified buried archaeological resources were located within or immediately adjacent to the project’s Area of Potential Effects and if so to provide management recommendations for such resources. The survey was undertaken in accordance with requirements set forth …


Intensive Cultural Resources Survey Of The Proposed 407 Mckinney No. 1 To Princeton No. 1 72-Inch And 24-Inch Pipeline, Collin County, Texas, Ashely E. Jones, J. Eric Gilliland Jan 2017

Intensive Cultural Resources Survey Of The Proposed 407 Mckinney No. 1 To Princeton No. 1 72-Inch And 24-Inch Pipeline, Collin County, Texas, Ashely E. Jones, J. Eric Gilliland

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

On behalf of Lockwood, Andrews, and Newnam, Inc. (LAN), SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) conducted an intensive archaeological survey of the proposed 407 McKinney No. 1 to Princeton No. 1 72-inch and 24-inch Pipeline in Collin County, Texas. The proposed 7.6-mile water pipeline will consist of 4,357-feet of new 72-inch-diameter pipeline and 35,843-feet of new 24-inch-diamater pipeline in order to connect an existing 60-inch-diameter pipeline in McKinney, Texas, to an existing connection to the pump station Princeton, Texas. The investigation included an archaeological background literature and records review and an intensive pedestrian survey augmented by shovel tests. As the undertaking will …


Archaeological Monitoring Of The Histroric Gan's Dam At Berry Creek Preserve For The Williamson County Parks Department, Williamson County Parks Department, Williamson County, Texas, Michael R. Bradle, Herbert G. Uecker Jan 2017

Archaeological Monitoring Of The Histroric Gan's Dam At Berry Creek Preserve For The Williamson County Parks Department, Williamson County Parks Department, Williamson County, Texas, Michael R. Bradle, Herbert G. Uecker

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Archaeological monitoring of repairs to the historic Gan’s Dam, previously recorded as one historic component of archaeological site (41WM17), was conducted October 2-12, 2013 at the Berry Springs Preserve in Williamson County, Texas. Previous storm damage caused the dam to fail and impounded pond waters pushed the surface portion of the historic dam downstream. Williamson County Parks Department contracted with a construction firm to make repairs to the dam. Consequently, AAG was contacted about the discovery of the subsurface old historic dam limestone blocks and this led to discussions with the Texas Historical Commission, Archeology Division, and with the U.S. …


Cultural Resource Survey Of 2.23 Miles (11,780 Feet) For Proposed Construction And Improvements To An Overhead Electric Transmission Line Located In El Paso, El Paso County, Texas, Michael A. Stowe Jan 2017

Cultural Resource Survey Of 2.23 Miles (11,780 Feet) For Proposed Construction And Improvements To An Overhead Electric Transmission Line Located In El Paso, El Paso County, Texas, Michael A. Stowe

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

On September 23 and 24, 2017, Advanced Archaeological Solutions (ADAS) conducted a linear right-of-way (ROW) survey of two separate segments of overhead electric transmission line corridor area that total 2.23 miles (11,780 linear feet) located within the City of El Paso, El Paso County, Texas (Figures 1-3).

The Project consists of two parallel single circuit transmission lines in El Paso County, Texas and Doña Ana County, New Mexico. The first segment is located just west of the University of Texas at El Paso Main campus and measures 6,910 linear feet (Figure 2), the second segment is located slightly north of …


Cultural Resources Survey For Proposed Water Development Board Construction Activities, Sienna Plantation, Fort Bend County, Texas, Michael Quennoz, James Hughey Jan 2017

Cultural Resources Survey For Proposed Water Development Board Construction Activities, Sienna Plantation, Fort Bend County, Texas, Michael Quennoz, James Hughey

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Gray & Pape, Inc. of Houston, Texas was contracted by BIO-WEST, Inc. of Houston, Texas to conduct an intensive pedestrian cultural resources survey of two proposed water line segments (North Segment and South Segment) totaling 6.7 kilometers (4.4 miles) in length, and a waste water treatment plant covering 6.6 hectares (16.2 acres) in Fort Bend County, Texas. Portions of the project area are on property owned by Sienna Plantation Municipal Utility District Number 1 and the City of Missouri City. As political subdivisions of the state, a Texas Antiquities Permit was acquired prior to the commencement of fieldwork (Permit Number …


Cultural Resources Survey Deep Testing Of Two Proposed Bore Locations For The West Harris County Regional Water Authority’S Second Source Transmission Line - Segment 3 Alignment In Harris County, Texas, Miichael Quennoz Jan 2017

Cultural Resources Survey Deep Testing Of Two Proposed Bore Locations For The West Harris County Regional Water Authority’S Second Source Transmission Line - Segment 3 Alignment In Harris County, Texas, Miichael Quennoz

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In 2016, Gray & Pape, Inc., of Houston, Texas, performed a preliminary archaeological and historical desktop assessment of 22.2-kilometers (13.8 miles) proposed for the West Harris County Regional Water Authority, Second Source Transmission Line Project – Segment 3 Alignment, in Harris County, Texas. The conclusion of that study was that most of the project’s Area of Potential Effects occurred within areas that had previously been disturbed by the construction of roads, parking lots, and artificial drainages. Gray & Pape, Inc. recommended that only the areas on either side of Buffalo Bayou warranted further investigation due to the potential for intact …


Archaeological And Metal Detector Survey In Support Of Site Selection For A Museum And Visitors Center At The San Jacinto Battleground State Historic Site, Harris County, Texas, Michael Quennoz, Vincent Valenti, Tony Scott Jan 2017

Archaeological And Metal Detector Survey In Support Of Site Selection For A Museum And Visitors Center At The San Jacinto Battleground State Historic Site, Harris County, Texas, Michael Quennoz, Vincent Valenti, Tony Scott

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

At the request of the San Jacinto Museum of History Association, Gray & Pape, Inc., of Houston, Texas, conducted an archaeological survey of approximately 8.2 hectares (20.3 acres) in support of a potential future construction location for a museum and visitors center. The project area consisted of two polygon boundaries, Area A and Area B, located southwest of the San Jacinto Monument. Area A was further subdivided into three sections for ease of analysis.

The Lead Agency for this project has been identified as the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. The project is located on state-owned lands; thus, requiring permitting …


Intensive Cultural Resources Survey Of 3 Usace Jurisdictional Impact Areas Within The Proposed Bryson Development, Leander, Williamson County, Texas, Briana N. Smith Jan 2017

Intensive Cultural Resources Survey Of 3 Usace Jurisdictional Impact Areas Within The Proposed Bryson Development, Leander, Williamson County, Texas, Briana N. Smith

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

On May 4, 2017, Horizon Environmental Services, Inc. (Horizon) conducted an intensive cultural resources survey of 3 US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) jurisdictional areas within the Bryson Development, located east of US Highway (US) 183-A tollway north of Leander in Williamson County, Texas. Crescent Leander is proposing to construct a residential subdivision that would include residential lots, roadways, utilities, and detention ponds. The 3 impact areas identified within the proposed development consist of 2 detention ponds and 1 road crossing that would affect 2 unnamed ephemeral tributaries of the South Fork of the San Gabriel River. Although the proposed …


An Intensive Cultural Resources Survey Of The Proposed Uvalde Memorial Hospital Demolition And Reconstruction Project Uvalde County, Texas, Daniel J. Prikryl, Eric A. Schroeder Jan 2017

An Intensive Cultural Resources Survey Of The Proposed Uvalde Memorial Hospital Demolition And Reconstruction Project Uvalde County, Texas, Daniel J. Prikryl, Eric A. Schroeder

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Uvalde County Hospital Authority has applied for a U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Rural Development funding to demolish its existing Uvalde Memorial Hospital complex and construct a new hospital and associated facilities. The new complex will be constructed on an undeveloped 11.5-acre tract immediately south of the existing complex. Those facilities proposed for demolition consist of the original Uvalde Memorial Hospital building, the current main hospital building, a warehouse building, and the central plant building. The original hospital building dates to 1949 while all other buildings to be demolished date to 1971 or later. The Kate Marmion Regional Cancer …


Early Sixteenth Century Caddo Population Distributions, Timothy K. Perttula Jan 2017

Early Sixteenth Century Caddo Population Distributions, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Milner’s (2015:Figure 2.1) summary of the distribution of Native American population aggregates in eastern North America in the early sixteenth century depicts much of the southern Caddo area (of southwestern Arkansas, northwestern Louisiana, southeastern Oklahoma, and East Texas) as being sparsely settled or uninhabited in the early sixteenth century. Rather, as attested to by many years of archaeological investigations of a variety of Caddo sites across the southern Caddo area, as well as the 1542 accounts of the de Soto-Moscoso entrada, the distribution and density of Caddo farming groups and communities reached its full and peak extent at around this …


Theories On The Blue Wing Road Burial (41bx34) In The Context Of The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition, Brandon K. Richards Jan 2017

Theories On The Blue Wing Road Burial (41bx34) In The Context Of The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition, Brandon K. Richards

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In 1968, the skeletal remains of an individual believed to have been involved in the Gutiérrez-Magee expedition of 1812-1813 were exhumed south of San Antonio. Since then, the circumstances surrounding what became known as the “Blue Wing Road burial” have remained somewhat of a mystery. This article introduces a new theory that posits that the burial is not directly related to the major battles fought in the region (the Battles of Rosalis and Medina), but more likely an incident involving a Republican detachment encountering Royalists stationed along a well-travelled route.


Desperate And Determined Men: West Virginia's Lincoln County Feud, Brandon Ray Kirk Jan 2017

Desperate And Determined Men: West Virginia's Lincoln County Feud, Brandon Ray Kirk

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The Lincoln County Feud occurred between 1878 and 1890 in the Harts Creek community of Lincoln and Logan counties, West Virginia. The aim of this thesis is to determine the causes of the feud, explore factors that contributed to its escalation, and identify reasons for its conclusion. The Lincoln County Feud arose out of personal grievances between prominent residents Paris Brumfield and Canaan Adkins, intensified due to the changing socioeconomic nature of the Harts Creek community, transformed into a contest among merchants for economic and political supremacy, and concluded with the elimination or outmigration of anti-Brumfield factions. Late nineteenth century …


The "Noble Savage" In American Music And Literature, 1790-1855, Jacob Mathew Somers Jan 2017

The "Noble Savage" In American Music And Literature, 1790-1855, Jacob Mathew Somers

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

In the aftermath of the War of 1812, America entered a period of unprecedented territorial expansion, economic growth, and political unity. During this time American intellectuals, writers, and musicians began to contemplate the possibility of a national high culture to match the country’s glorious social and political achievements. Newly founded periodicals urged American authors and artists to adopt national themes and materials to replace those imported from abroad, and for the first time Americans began producing their own literary, artistic, and musical works on a previously inconceivable scale. Though American writers and composers explored a wide range of “national themes,” …


Bowling Green Civil War Round Table Newsletter (Jan. 2017), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives Jan 2017

Bowling Green Civil War Round Table Newsletter (Jan. 2017), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Bowling Green Civil War Round Table Newsletter

No abstract provided.


2017 O'Callahan Society Newsletter, O'Callahan Society, College Of The Holy Cross Jan 2017

2017 O'Callahan Society Newsletter, O'Callahan Society, College Of The Holy Cross

O'Callahan Society Newsletters

This annual newsletter of the O'Callahan Society includes articles about the 75th anniversary of the Holy Cross NROTC Unit, the 16th annual dinner, women from the Holy Cross NROTC Unit, unit news, President's Review, commissioning and orders, notes from the 2016 annual meeting, new Society logo, O'Callahan Society initiatives, and a memoir by Captain Tom Kelly and his wife.


"Our Captain Is A Gentleman”: Officer Elections Among Virginia Confederates, 1861-1862, Ryan C. O'Hallahan Jan 2017

"Our Captain Is A Gentleman”: Officer Elections Among Virginia Confederates, 1861-1862, Ryan C. O'Hallahan

Theses and Dissertations

Enlisted soldiers preferred to elect company- and regimental-level officers during the first year of the American Civil War. This thesis explores how early Confederate mobilization, class conflict between elites and non-elites, and Confederate military policies affected officer elections from spring 1861 to spring 1862 among Virginia Confederates. Chapter 1 explores how the chaotic nature of mobilization and common soldiers' initial expectations regarding their military service influenced elections from April 1861 until late July 1861. Chapter 2 details the changing nature of elections as elite officers faced challenges from non-elites and Confederate policies regarding furloughs and conscription forced officers to reconcile …


Cry Havoc: The Rise And Collapse Of America's Contractors In Iraq, Samuel Brown Jan 2017

Cry Havoc: The Rise And Collapse Of America's Contractors In Iraq, Samuel Brown

Murray State Theses and Dissertations

This work aims at examining the development of Private Security Contracting, specifically Blackwater, and their role in destabilizing the United States’ mission in Iraq. In that examination, it looks at existing literature on the subject and the efforts that people involved in the Bush Administration made regarding the War on Terror that allowed these companies and Blackwater to develop. Choices made by Vice President Dick Cheney, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, and CPA leader Paul Bremer all added to the chaos and the shortage of manpower that would see these companies fill in the gaps in American planning. This work …


Our Nuclear Quandary: Deliberating U.S. Nuclear Armament & Its Alternatives For Execution 1946-1961, Andrew Ross Jan 2017

Our Nuclear Quandary: Deliberating U.S. Nuclear Armament & Its Alternatives For Execution 1946-1961, Andrew Ross

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

Sitting amongst his National Security Councilors in 1958, President Eisenhower quipped of how he “could remember well when the military used to have no more than 70 targets in the Soviet Union and believed that destruction of these 70 targets would be sufficient.” Yet moments later, Eisenhower would grant his approval of a nuclear targeting plan which would strike all Soviet cities over the population of 25,000—a plan requiring thousands, not dozens, of nuclear weapons. The potential consequences of this dramatic surge in nuclear armament has led scholars to dispute how to characterize operational planning during the Nuclear Arms Race. …


They Called It Patriotism, Darla C. Shelton Jan 2017

They Called It Patriotism, Darla C. Shelton

Undergraduate Theses, Professional Papers, and Capstone Artifacts

What is the real cost of war for average citizens?


Full Circle: The New Deal And The Great Recession, Donald Lewis Roberts Jan 2017

Full Circle: The New Deal And The Great Recession, Donald Lewis Roberts

Honors College Theses

In this paper I will show how the mindset of liberalism has evolved since the Great Depression. It merged with progressive movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries to become a politically left ideology that intertwined with power hungry politicians who perverted liberalism and used sudden economic and social phenomena to engineer a new type of American government. One that has constantly expanded, reaching and entrenching itself further and further into the lives of Americans, starting with President Franklin Roosevelt. Roosevelt’s work would be expanded in the name of progress and equality by several of his …


How The Willowbrook Consent Decree Has Influenced Contemporary Advocacy Of Individuals With Disabilities, Kristen S. Addessi Jan 2017

How The Willowbrook Consent Decree Has Influenced Contemporary Advocacy Of Individuals With Disabilities, Kristen S. Addessi

Student Theses

The existence of the Willowbrook State School was a culmination, of over a one-hundred-year history of Western society’s attempts to provide adequate care, and treatment for individuals with disabilities. The residents housed there, suffered violations of their human and civil rights in various forms of severe abuse, neglect, and violence. Following a three-year legal battle in 1975, as a result of the travesties that occurred, the legal doctrine known as the Willowbrook Consent Decree was written. The Consent Decree was implemented to ensure that the residents’ human and civil rights are met and protected. The Willowbrook State School and the …


Grave Breaches: American Military Intervention In The Late Twentieth- Century And The Consequences For International Law, Calla Cameron Jan 2017

Grave Breaches: American Military Intervention In The Late Twentieth- Century And The Consequences For International Law, Calla Cameron

CMC Senior Theses

The duality of the United States’ relationship with international criminal law and human rights atrocities is a fascinating theme that weaves through all of American history, but most distinctly demonstrates the contradictory nature of American foreign policy in the latter half of the 20th century. America is both protector of human rights and perpetrator of human rights atrocities, global police force and aggressor. The Cold War exacerbated the tensions caused by American military dominance. The international political and physical power of the American military allowed the United States to do as it pleased in the 20th century with few consequences, …


Supplementary Studies In Rio Grande Valley History, Milo Kearney, Anthony K. Knopp, Antonio Zavaleta, Thomas Daniel Knight Jan 2017

Supplementary Studies In Rio Grande Valley History, Milo Kearney, Anthony K. Knopp, Antonio Zavaleta, Thomas Daniel Knight

Studies in Rio Grande Valley Regional History Series

Corrupted, a poem / Tom Emrick -- Primal Matamoros : ancient refuge among the Estuaries of the Rio Bravo / Craig H. Roell -- U.S.-Mexico relations during the establishment of the American Consulate in Matamoros : 1826-1842 / Melisa C. Galvan -- Captain King’s Cotton : the Civil War blockade-running adventures of Richard King and Mifflin Kenedy / Walter E. Wilson -- The sad saga of John V. Singer / Norman Rozeff -- Ulster and the Texas-Mexico Border : John McAllen and his family / Thomas Daniel Knight -- Joseph Kleiber and his letter press book / Anthony K. Knopp …


The Russian Mission: Seventh-Day Adventism, Bolshevism, And The Imminent Apocalypse, 1881 - 1946, Garett B. Tree Jan 2017

The Russian Mission: Seventh-Day Adventism, Bolshevism, And The Imminent Apocalypse, 1881 - 1946, Garett B. Tree

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The first Adventist missionaries made their way into Russia in the late 1880’s, where they experienced imprisonment, exile, and sometimes both. The scope of my thesis concerns the Seventh-Day Adventist Church and how Adventist missionaries and leaders endeavored on the Russian Mission. Using the writings, letters, and correspondence of these missionaries, as well as the myriad Adventist periodicals, I explain and analyze the evolution of the Mission from its inception to the end of the Second World War. In what ways did Adventist missionaries or Adventist media outlets abroad understand, explain, or justify the Russian Mission and its hardships? What …


The Central Intelligence Agency And Cuba: How The Trap Of Success Led To The Bay Of Pigs, Yandy Orozco Jan 2017

The Central Intelligence Agency And Cuba: How The Trap Of Success Led To The Bay Of Pigs, Yandy Orozco

Theses and Dissertations

This research looks at how covert operations in Iran and Guatemala shaped the decision to launch the Bay of Pigs invasion, and why the United States government embarked on an operation that had little chance of success. Key areas of discussion are the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and its role in the removal of Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadeq (Iran) and President Jacobo Arbenz (Guatemala), the Dulles faction, the anti-Castro program, and President Kennedy’s relationship with the CIA. Upon examining these areas, the study shows that the covert action success in Iran and Guatemala fueled American hubris and obviated the recognition …


A Short History Of The 9th Illinois Volunteer Infantry, William Gay Jan 2017

A Short History Of The 9th Illinois Volunteer Infantry, William Gay

A with Honors Projects

A critical price was paid at the Battle of Shiloh by the Ninth Illinois, a regiment made up of mostly German immigrants who had not even been born in the United States but gave their lives willingly and bravely in the face of grim odds to defend the land they called home. In the end, the Ninth had one of the war’s highest single-day casualty rates of any regiment of troops, North or South. Without one of the greatest shows of military strength, commitment, and discipline which the Ninth exhibited on that bloody Sunday, the Union would have suffered a …