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The American Loyalists In The Bahama Islands: Who They Were, Thelma Peters Apr 2021

The American Loyalists In The Bahama Islands: Who They Were, Thelma Peters

Florida Historical Quarterly

The American loyalists who moved to the Bahama Islands at the close of the American Revolution were from many places and many walks of life so that classification of them is not easy. Still, some patterns do emerge and suggest a prototype with the following characteristics: a man, either first or second generation from Scotland or England, Presbyterian or Anglican, well-educated, and “bred to accounting.” He was living in the South at the time of the American Revolution, either as a merchant, the employee of a merchant, or as a slave-owning planter. When the war came he served in one …


News And Notes, Florida Historical Society Apr 2021

News And Notes, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Notice of the annual meeting, Junior Historical Writing Contest, local historical societies


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Apr 2021

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Reviews of Confederate Strategy from Shiloh to Vicksburg. By Archer Jones. (Baton Rouge, Louisiana State University Press, 1961. 240 pp. Maps, bibliography, and index. $5.00.); Why the North Won The Civil War. Edited by David Donald. (Baton Rouge, Louisiana State University Press, 1960. xv, 128 pp. Suggested Readings and index. $2.95.); Americans at War, The Development of the American Military System. By T. Harry Williams. (Baton Rouge, Louisiana State University Press, 1960. 139 pp. Illustrations. $3.50.); Marquette Legends. By Francis Borgia Steck. Edited by August Reyling. (New York, Pageant Press, 1960. xxii, 350 pp. Facsimiles, maps, notes, bibliography, and index. …


A Naval Visitor In British West Florida, Robert R. Rea Apr 2021

A Naval Visitor In British West Florida, Robert R. Rea

Florida Historical Quarterly

The world-wide explansion of the British Empire in the eighteenth century was dependent upon a navy whose officers were, of necessity, the most widely travelled men of their times. No less than frontiersmen, the holders of His Majesty’s commission were empire-builders. Seldom, however, were they fully conscious of the broader significance of their work or capable of literary exploitation of their experiences. John Blankett was an exception to this generalization. His career extended from the inland waters of North America to the Indian Ocean, from Russia to South Africa, from the English Channel to the Red Sea where he last …


The Editor's Corner, Florida Historical Society Apr 2021

The Editor's Corner, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Mr. James Willard Milgram of 216 Columbia Heights, Brooklyn 1, New York, had an interesting cover and letter in a recent issue of the Weekly Philatelic Gossip. With the permission of that publication, a condensation of his article with the letter is reproduced for our readers.


The Avero Story: An Early Saint Augustine Family With Many Daughters And Many Houses, Charles W. Arnade Apr 2021

The Avero Story: An Early Saint Augustine Family With Many Daughters And Many Houses, Charles W. Arnade

Florida Historical Quarterly

By November 10, 1702, the English forces led by the ruthless James Moore, Governor of English Carolina, had occupied the town of St. Augustine. Over 1500 people took refuge in the Spanish fort which the English never were able to conquer. For two months Moore besieged the fort. The Spanish artillery was weak and ineffectual in driving away the enemy; the English artillery was inadequate against the massive walls of the fort. Moore tried to place his guns within closer range of the moat. The Spanish, afraid of this maneuver, dispatched a patrol with orders to burn all houses within …


News And Notes, Florida Historical Society Apr 2021

News And Notes, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Notes from local historical societies, National Historic Sites Registry


Philemon Thomas And The West Florida Revolution, Henry Eugene Sterkx Apr 2021

Philemon Thomas And The West Florida Revolution, Henry Eugene Sterkx

Florida Historical Quarterly

During the first decade of the nineteenth century many Americans moved into the Spanish province of West Florida. Some came to establish new homes or to engage in conspiracies against the weak Spanish government. Others came to escape justice or seek asylum from slavery. The province had a strange population made up of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Americans, traders, land speculators, army deserters, fleeing debtors, fugitives from justice, filibusterers, and others of infamous background. Moving into this milieu in 1805 was Philemon Thomas. This native of Virginia and ex-Kentuckian had led an interesting and exciting life. He was born in Orange County, …


News And Notes, Florida Historical Society Apr 2021

News And Notes, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Notice of the annual meeting, Notes from local historical societies


A 16th Century French "Mug Book" Brings To Light Interesting Comments On, Charles E. Bennett Apr 2021

A 16th Century French "Mug Book" Brings To Light Interesting Comments On, Charles E. Bennett

Florida Historical Quarterly

In 1584 Andre Thevet published in Paris a 16th century counterpart of the type of thing we call today a “mug book,” a book containing portraits and biographies of leading citizens of the time and place involved. He titled his book “Les Vrais Pourtraits et Vies des Hommes” and it was printed by Keruert. It deals with the important French leaders of the 16th century - 150 of them. One of them was Charles IX, for whom Fort Caroline was named. The last article in the book is about Saturiba, the well known Indian chief who befriended the Fort Caroline …


A 16th Century French Manuscript Bearing The Only Known Signature Of Rene Laudonniere, Charles E. Bennett Apr 2021

A 16th Century French Manuscript Bearing The Only Known Signature Of Rene Laudonniere, Charles E. Bennett

Florida Historical Quarterly

The Fort Caroline National Memorial at Jacksonville, Florida, has been for several years assembling for ultimate display at its museum various objects illustrative of the methods of navigation used by the explorers and settlers of the 16th century. I have been assisting in this search, and as a by product of it we recently discovered and purchased by private donations the only known signature of Rene Laudonniere, the French Governor of Fort Caroline. Under this man’s leadership the permanent settlement of what is now the United States was begun. A map dealer in England (Maggs Brothers) told us about the …


Andrew Ranson: Seventeenth Century Pirate?, J. Leitch Wright, Jr. Apr 2021

Andrew Ranson: Seventeenth Century Pirate?, J. Leitch Wright, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

The later half of the seventeenth century saw the swashbuckling heyday of piracy in the West Indies. Here, English, French, and Dutch buccaneers, and audacious seafarers claiming no nation, roamed the seas almost at will, delighting particularly in preying on galleons flying the Spanish flag and in sacking and ransoming cities along the Spanish Main. It is true that the policy of European nations was changing from encouraging or winking at buccaneer activities to supporting legitimate trade with Spanish America, and some serious efforts were made to curb these seagoing marauders. Nevertheless, this was of little consolation to the inhabitants …


The Spanish Conquest Of British West Florida, 1779-1781, Albert W. Haarmann Apr 2021

The Spanish Conquest Of British West Florida, 1779-1781, Albert W. Haarmann

Florida Historical Quarterly

Florida passed to British control in 1763 with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. A Royal Proclamation on October 7 of that year established West Florida as a colony and Pensacola was designated as its capital.


The Coeducation Decade: The Fiftieth Anniversary Of Women At Wofford, Phillip Stone, Luke Meagher Apr 2021

The Coeducation Decade: The Fiftieth Anniversary Of Women At Wofford, Phillip Stone, Luke Meagher

Library Exhibits

THE COEDUCATION DECADE: The 50th anniversary of Women at Wofford In February 1971, four women enrolled as day students at Wofford under a new policy that allowed for day student coeducation. The Board of Trustees had changed the policy to allow the admission of women in greater numbers, although women had been part of the student body in small numbers since the 1890s. Within five years, the college moved to full residential coeducation. No matter the status at Wofford, women have made contributions to the campus community. This exhibit celebrates the history of women at Wofford and the ways that …


Stories Behind The Brick And Mortar: Voices Of Mississippi University For Women, Lauren Harmon Apr 2021

Stories Behind The Brick And Mortar: Voices Of Mississippi University For Women, Lauren Harmon

Merge

No abstract provided.


Documents Pertaining To The Georgia-Florida Frontier, 1791-1793, Richard K. Murdoch Apr 2021

Documents Pertaining To The Georgia-Florida Frontier, 1791-1793, Richard K. Murdoch

Florida Historical Quarterly

During the period from 1784 to 1821, one of the major causes of friction along the St. Marys River, the dividing line between the United States and East Florida, was the frequent disappearance of Negro slaves, usually fleeing from the American bank of the river into the sparsely populated Spanish colony where they hoped to find a refuge with the Indian population or among the freed Negroes and mulattoes in St. Augustine. Frequent arrangements were made by the authorities on both sides to return the runaways as soon as possible to their legitimate owners to avoid unnecessary diplomatic wrangling.


The Journal Of A. B. Meek And The Second Seminole War, 1836, John K. Mahon Apr 2021

The Journal Of A. B. Meek And The Second Seminole War, 1836, John K. Mahon

Florida Historical Quarterly

Alexander Beaufort Meek was born in Columbia, South Carolina, March 17, 1814, the son of a methodist minister. While he was still young his parents migrated to Tuscaloosa, Alabama, taking him with them. Although inclined to be indolent, learning came easily to the boy. Proof of this is that at a tender age he memorized the entire Old Testament. At age nineteen he was graduated from the University of Alabama (1833), and at twenty-two was awarded a master’s degree from the same school. Meanwhile, in 1835 he had begun the practice of law in Tuscaloosa.


The Episcopal Church In Florida During The Civil War, Joseph D. Cushman, Jr. Apr 2021

The Episcopal Church In Florida During The Civil War, Joseph D. Cushman, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

As the Civil War approached, the Episcopal Church in Flor- ida found herself for the first time since the opening of the territory in a position of stability. She had weathered the hardships and uncertainties of the territorial period; her older parishes had become self-supporting congregations, and were embarking on vigorous parochial and educational projects; and a new group of lively missions was springing up in towns like Fernandina, Ocala, and Palatka, and in agricultural villages like Waukeena and Milton. The Diocese of Florida, which had been bishopless for thirteen years after its organization in 1838, had enjoyed the episcopal …


Sixteenth Century English-Spanish Rivalry In La Florida, Leitch Wright, Jr. Apr 2021

Sixteenth Century English-Spanish Rivalry In La Florida, Leitch Wright, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

For many years after its discovery la Florida was a vague geographical concept. Discovered by Ponce de Leon in 1513, it was first considered an island, though later recognized to be a diminutive tail wagging an immense dog. During much of the sixteenth century it embraced a large part of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts and stretched mysteriously inland an infinite way. Ponce de Leon was followed by numerous other conquistadors such as Vazquez de Ayllon, Panfilio de Narvaez, Hernando de Soto, and Tristan de Luna y Arrellano, but they garnered little gold or silver and endured many privations, shipwrecks, …


The 1789 Saint Augustine Celebration, Helen Hornbeck Tanner Apr 2021

The 1789 Saint Augustine Celebration, Helen Hornbeck Tanner

Florida Historical Quarterly

One of the most elaborate celebrations of Saint Augustine’s colonial history occurred in December, 1789, when the civilian and military populations joined in honoring Charles IV’S ascension to the Spanish throne. Parades, theatricals, religious services and soirees with dancing till dawn were features of the three day festival beginning the afternoon of December 2.


Governor Folch And The Burr Conspiracy, Adam Szaszdi Apr 2021

Governor Folch And The Burr Conspiracy, Adam Szaszdi

Florida Historical Quarterly

The strange episode of American history, the Burr conspiracy, can be considered nowadays a well-known story, and the more so since the publication of Professor Abernethy’s work, The Burr Conspiracy (1954). However, even though pertinent Spanish documents have been taken into consideration, the usual tendency is to view the subject from the perspective of those operating within the United States. Therefore, it should be an interesting experiment to cross the Florida boundary and place ourselves in the shoes of the Spanish authorities of that time.


Suggestions For Research In The Culture And Society Of A Spanish Florida, William B. Griffen Apr 2021

Suggestions For Research In The Culture And Society Of A Spanish Florida, William B. Griffen

Florida Historical Quarterly

Florida was established as a functional part of the Spanish colonies in 1565. Saint Augustine was from the beginning the focal point of the Spanish Empire in Florida from which the social and cultural influences of the Iberian civilizers were radiated into the hinterland, transforming to some degree both the physical environment and the human groups bearing different ways of life which were encountered. But, not only from the standpoint of Spanish-Indian culture contact and acculturation does early Florida hold interest for the anthropologist. The imported European culture is also of tremendous importance to be understood in the development of …


Trade Relations Between Southwestern Florida And Cuba, 1600-1840, James W. Covington Apr 2021

Trade Relations Between Southwestern Florida And Cuba, 1600-1840, James W. Covington

Florida Historical Quarterly

When Cuba had been settled by the Spanish, heavy inroads were made into the nearby supply of edible fish, and the Havana fishing interests were forced to look elsewhere for a ready source. Southwestern Florida with its almost inexhaustible schools of drum, redfish, mullet, pompano, and grouper was situated only a short distance away and easily fitted into the Havana market situation. The combination of the excellent Cuban market and the nearby available supply of edible fish proved to be a business opportunity which would be profitable for many years for the inhabitants of both the island of Cuba and …


The Return Of Runaway Slaves 1790-1794, Richard K. Murdoch Apr 2021

The Return Of Runaway Slaves 1790-1794, Richard K. Murdoch

Florida Historical Quarterly

Among the duties assumed by the federal government after the ratification of the constitution was the general supervision over relations with the Indians living both within and without what were generally claimed to be the national boundaries. This assumption of authority was resented by many of the frontier residents long accustomed to dealing directly with the Indians. They were convinced, rightfully or wrongfully, that all savages were to be mistrusted, that the so-called Indian lands were open to seizure and settlement by the first to arrive on the scene, and that there was nothing illegal or immoral in acquiring the …


News And Notes, Florida Historical Society Apr 2021

News And Notes, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

News of local historical societies


Manrique De Rojas' Report On French Settlement In Florida, Lucy L. Wenhold Apr 2021

Manrique De Rojas' Report On French Settlement In Florida, Lucy L. Wenhold

Florida Historical Quarterly

The French Huguenot Jean Ribaut had led an expedition to Florida in 1562, where he set up stone columns bearing the arms of France and established the tiny settlement of Charlesfort at Port Royal. Philip II of Spain protested to the French government against this threat to Spanish trade and territorial claims, and then, in 1563, he directed the governor of Cuba to remove the French markers and to destroy the French fort. The mission was assigned by the governor of Cuba to Hernando Manrique de Rojas. Captain Manrique’s instructions and his report, given here in translation, were taken from …


The Shaker Community In Florida, Russell H. Anderson Apr 2021

The Shaker Community In Florida, Russell H. Anderson

Florida Historical Quarterly

Many residents of Osceola County, Florida, recall a kindly though strange religious group, the Shakers, who once lived near present day St. Cloud-but the memory of these good people is fading. It should be recorded that beginning in 1894, Osceola County was the scene of one of the later efforts of an outstanding utopian movement in America-that of the Shaker religious group.


Zespedes And The Southern Conspiracies, Helen Hornbeck Tanner Apr 2021

Zespedes And The Southern Conspiracies, Helen Hornbeck Tanner

Florida Historical Quarterly

The peace treaty by which the American colonists gained their independence in 1783 created a situation along their southern border almost designed, it seemed, to provoke hostility. By the treaty, the provinces of East and West Florida, which had belonged to Britain for the previous twenty years and had remained loyal to the Crown, were returned to Spain. Thus Europe’s oldest colonial power regained a foothold on the southeastern seaboard of North America, but now was threatened by an ambitious young republic - the first independent nation in the western hemisphere. Furthermore, a portion of the border remained in dispute …


Contents Of Volume Xxxviii, Florida Historical Society Apr 2021

Contents Of Volume Xxxviii, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Contains a list of articles and authors for Vol. 38


Early Churches Of Pensacola, Lelia Abercrombie Apr 2021

Early Churches Of Pensacola, Lelia Abercrombie

Florida Historical Quarterly

The church is certainly among the most important factors in the building of any city. Neither wealth nor a large population of themselves make a community a pleasant place in which to live; more important is an atmosphere of goodwill and kindness. To develop such an atmosphere the fundamental religious principles of the Church are needed.