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Racial Terror Lynching In Northwest Arkansas: Recounting Of The Story Of Three Enslaved Males Lynched In 1856 In Washington County - Documentary, Obed Lamy May 2021

Racial Terror Lynching In Northwest Arkansas: Recounting Of The Story Of Three Enslaved Males Lynched In 1856 In Washington County - Documentary, Obed Lamy

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

While Northwest Arkansas is considered as diverse and progressive today, it also shares a common history of racial violence, and yet almost unknown, with the Southern United-States. Little is being said about the slave plantations in Elkins, racial cleansing in Springdale, or public spectacle lynchings in Fayetteville. This is because white people who hold political and economic power also control how history is written and decide what is to be learned from their perspectives. Marginalized communities, especially Black people, have not always had agency to tell their own stories. The lynchings of three enslaved males, Anthony, Aaron, and Randall, in …

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Positive Rhetoric, Prejudiced Policy: The Contradiction Of Islamophobia In American Government After 9-11., Molly Bilz May 2021

Positive Rhetoric, Prejudiced Policy: The Contradiction Of Islamophobia In American Government After 9-11., Molly Bilz

College of Arts & Sciences Senior Theses

Following the tragic terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, local and national leaders responded to the security crisis by uniting the country under the American ideals of freedom and democracy while condemning the Islamic terrorist group responsible. With beliefs rooted in historical American and European prejudice, Western scholarship promoted a “clash of civilizations” between Islam and the West wherein the cultures’ supposed irreconcilable differences would inevitably lead to warfare. Simultaneously, many Americans grew suspicious of Muslims after the attacks, including government officials. As hate crimes against Muslim and Middle Eastern Americans soared in the U.S., government leaders used positive rhetoric …

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Stories From Both Sides Of The Hedge: A History Of And Digital Exhibit For The National Hansen's Disease Museum, Laura Turner May 2021

Stories From Both Sides Of The Hedge: A History Of And Digital Exhibit For The National Hansen's Disease Museum, Laura Turner

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The national leprosarium of the United States, located in Carville, Louisiana, started as the Louisiana Leper Home in 1894. Since Louisiana contained the largest endemic population in the contiguous United States of people suffering from leprosy, or Hansen’s disease as it would later be known, and maintained a successful institution dedicated to the care of such patients, the federal government purchased the leprosarium for national use in 1921. Although the national leprosarium was closed as a hospital in 1999, a small analog museum located on site preserves the history of the facility, the lives of the former patients, and tireless …

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The Infinite Crisis: How The American Comic Book Has Been Shaped By War, Winston Andrus May 2021

The Infinite Crisis: How The American Comic Book Has Been Shaped By War, Winston Andrus

War, Diplomacy, and Society (MA) Theses

This thesis project argues that war has been the greatest catalyst for the American comic book medium to become a socio-political change agent within western society. Comic books have become one of the most pervasive influences to global popular culture, with superheroes dominating nearly every popular art form. Yet, the academic world has often ignored the comic book medium as a niche market instead of integrated into the broader discussions on cultural production and conflict studies. This paper intends to bridge the gap between what has been classified as comic book studies and the greater academic world to demonstrate the …

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“Otherwise, It’S War”: Us-Taiwan Defense Ties And The Opening Of The People’S Republic Of China (1969-1974), Robert 'Bo' Kent May 2021

“Otherwise, It’S War”: Us-Taiwan Defense Ties And The Opening Of The People’S Republic Of China (1969-1974), Robert 'Bo' Kent

War, Diplomacy, and Society (MA) Theses

In 1969, President Richard Nixon inherited a much different Cold War than that which existed in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Writ large, the project of ‘containing’ communism appeared to be falling apart. The Soviet Union was ascendant in Eurasia, the Vietnam War was continuing to grind down American power projection, and the People’s Republic of China (PRC) was emerging as a potential partner on the world stage. Despite the uncertainty of the situation, both President Nixon and National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger saw these circumstances as an opportunity to reshape the global balance of power. Key to this …

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The Legend Of Neptune: A Portrait Of Enslavement And Emancipation In 18th-Century Worcester County, Massachusetts, Brigitte Lewis May 2021

The Legend Of Neptune: A Portrait Of Enslavement And Emancipation In 18th-Century Worcester County, Massachusetts, Brigitte Lewis

Honors Theses

“The Legend of Neptune” tracks the life of a man named Neptune, who was enslaved at my childhood home in Still River, MA 01467 for fifteen years during 1742-1757. The general topic of this undergraduate thesis is slavery in seventeenth and eighteenth-century central Massachusetts; the main topic is uncovering the voice, history, and stories of an identified enslaved and then free Black man named Neptune. The project uses a vast array of primary sources to construct a narrative that centers Neptune’s life and experiences, supported by secondary historical research. This project also tells a counternarrative to the official history of …

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Distinctly American: The Roots Of Secessionism And Nullification In The United States, Patrick F. Ryan May 2021

Distinctly American: The Roots Of Secessionism And Nullification In The United States, Patrick F. Ryan

History Theses

A retrospective study of the role that secessionism played throughout American history, beginning in the late 18th century. The purpose of this work is to show how John C. Calhoun's (and other Southerners') ideas and rhetoric were not novel. This paper investigates the early whispers of nullification and secessionism in the United States; the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, Essex Junto, Hartford Convention, indecision by the founders, and how they shaped later American politicians in the mid-19th century.

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Failoure On All Fronts: The United States Army In The First Year Of The War Of 1812, Gary H. Nobbs Jr. May 2021

Failoure On All Fronts: The United States Army In The First Year Of The War Of 1812, Gary H. Nobbs Jr.

History Theses

The United States declared war on the United Kingdom in the hopes of defending the nation's national honor. However, the United States Army was unprepared to go wage war. The army's supply system, militia system, and field commanders failed and led to a disastrous first year of conflict.

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More Than A Museum: Museums' Past, Current, And Future Involvement With Racial Issues, Madeline B. Friedler May 2021

More Than A Museum: Museums' Past, Current, And Future Involvement With Racial Issues, Madeline B. Friedler

Museum Studies Theses

The year 2020 has been universally acknowledged as an extraordinary point in activist history. The Black Lives Matter organization has spearheaded a new wave of activism comparable to the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s and 70s. By evaluating how cultural learning centers such as museums have presented racial history in the past, an effective plan can be made on how museums should interpret this present-day history. Museums should not only recognize #BlackLivesMatter as an important part of history in an academic sense, but they should also actively promote positive racial change in the communities they serve. Research shows that …

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The United States And Portuguese Angola: Space, Race, And The Cold War In Africa, Alex J. Marino May 2021

The United States And Portuguese Angola: Space, Race, And The Cold War In Africa, Alex J. Marino

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation is an international history of the role of the United States in the process of decolonization in Angola, a former colony of Portugal. I argue that the United States embraced Portugal, Angola, and neighboring Democratic Republic of Congo as irreplaceable Cold War allies. Decolonization in Africa challenged America’s relationship with all three countries, as competing forces within the American public called for Washington to adopt an anti-colonial, anti- racist ideology, while others demanded their government to support white supremacy at home and abroad. Decolonization in Angola, a protracted liberation struggle that started in 1961 and lasted until 1974, …

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Education Inequity By Design: A Case Study Of The Duval County Public School System, 1954–1964, Carolyn B. Edwards May 2021

Education Inequity By Design: A Case Study Of The Duval County Public School System, 1954–1964, Carolyn B. Edwards

Graduate Doctoral Dissertations

This historical case study examined inequity by design of the Duval County Public Schools in Jacksonville, Florida, between 1954 and 1964. Duval County’s response to the Supreme Court’s Brown v. Board of Education decision in 1954 highlighted the historical influence of White supremacy within this school system, suppressing Black education through a dual school system. Political, economic, and judicial decisions supported the system’s resistance to desegregation and perpetuated education inequity. The author sought to understand the overt and covert political, economic, and judicial influences behind the Duval County Public Schools’ inequity by design to determine if these influences are generally …

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Bears Ears National Monument: An Integration Of Social And Environmental Justice, Helen Greene May 2021

Bears Ears National Monument: An Integration Of Social And Environmental Justice, Helen Greene

Honors Theses

In 2015, the Bears Ears Inter-Tribal Coalition of the Hopi, Navajo, Uintah and Ouray Ute, Ute Mountain Ute, and Zuni Tribes submitted a proposal to President Barack Obama for the creation of Bears Ears National Monument. In 2016, using the power given to the president in the Antiquities Act, President Obama issued a presidential proclamation establishing the monument. But in 2017, President Donald Trump issued a proclamation that significantly reduced the acreage of the monument. Bears Ears is located in the southeast corner of Utah, and is a remote and geographically unique area of land that holds historical, cultural, and …

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Maine Bisexual People's Network (Mbpn), Kat Hartford Apr 2021

Maine Bisexual People's Network (Mbpn), Kat Hartford

POP 101: Queering the Archives

This presentation attempts to construct a history of the Maine Bisexual People’s Network (MBPN), drawing from primary sources from USM’s Special Collections, specifically from the LGBTQ+ Collection in the Jean Byers Sampson Center. Information includes when, why, and how the MBPN was founded, who founded the organization, important events in the MBPN’s history, and the experience of bisexuality for Mainers. Also included are images of the primary sources, such as clips from Our Paper: Serving the Alternative Community, a publication that served queer Mainers. While the MBPN was just one of several examples from Maine’s history of LGBTQ+ organizations, the …

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The Grizzly, April 29, 2021, Simra Mariam, Samirah Deshields, Carli Heimann, Craig Schrager, Layla Halterman, Shannon Blessing, Zoe Cougoul, Abigail Schwerdt, Griffin Banks, Claire Vance Apr 2021

The Grizzly, April 29, 2021, Simra Mariam, Samirah Deshields, Carli Heimann, Craig Schrager, Layla Halterman, Shannon Blessing, Zoe Cougoul, Abigail Schwerdt, Griffin Banks, Claire Vance

Ursinus College Grizzly Newspaper, 1978 to Present

Ursinus College Dance Department Presents Spring Concert • The Celebration of Ursinus Students: CoSA 2021 • Get to Know Simra Mariam '21 • Spotlight on the 2020-2021 Grizzly Editorial Staff • Opinions: Vaccinations on Campus; Parting Thoughts: Seniors on Commencement • A Memorable Senior Day • Bears vs. Blue Jays Recap

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Mapping Renewal: How An Unexpected Interdisciplinary Collaboration Transformed A Digital Humanities Project, Elise Tanner, Geoffrey Joseph Apr 2021

Mapping Renewal: How An Unexpected Interdisciplinary Collaboration Transformed A Digital Humanities Project, Elise Tanner, Geoffrey Joseph

Digital Initiatives Symposium

Funded by a National Endowment for Humanities (NEH) Humanities Collections and Reference Resources Foundations Grant, the UA Little Rock Center for Arkansas History and Culture’s “Mapping Renewal” pilot project focused on creating access to and providing spatial context to archival materials related to racial segregation and urban renewal in the city of Little Rock, Arkansas, from 1954-1989. An unplanned interdisciplinary collaboration with the UA Little Rock Arkansas Economic Development Institute (AEDI) has proven to be an invaluable partnership. One team member from each department will demonstrate the Mapping Renewal website and discuss how the collaborative process has changed and shaped …

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Who Lives, Who Dies, Who Tells Your Story? A Marxist Analysis Of "Hamilton" And Its Relationship To The Broadway Economic System, Alana Ritt Apr 2021

Who Lives, Who Dies, Who Tells Your Story? A Marxist Analysis Of "Hamilton" And Its Relationship To The Broadway Economic System, Alana Ritt

Honors Projects

Lin-Manuel Miranda’s mega-hit Hamilton: An American Musical has been both a critical and academic darling since its premiere in 2015. A historical retelling of America’s inception through the eyes of an oft-ignored founding father, the musical weaves together a diverse cast and hip-hop musical stylings in order to tell the story of “America then, as told by America now.” While many critics and scholars alike have praised the musical for putting an exciting and accessible twist to American history, others have argued that the musical is not nearly as “revolutionary” as it claims to be. This essay is designed to …

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Who Lives, Who Dies, Who Tells Your Story? A Marxist Analysis Of "Hamilton" And Its Relationship To The Broadway Economic System, Alana Ritt Apr 2021

Who Lives, Who Dies, Who Tells Your Story? A Marxist Analysis Of "Hamilton" And Its Relationship To The Broadway Economic System, Alana Ritt

Honors Projects

Lin-Manuel Miranda’s mega-hit Hamilton: An American Musical has been both a critical and academic darling since its premiere in 2015. A historical retelling of America’s inception through the eyes of an oft-ignored founding father, the musical weaves together a diverse cast and hip-hop musical stylings in order to tell the story of “America then, as told by America now.” While many critics and scholars alike have praised the musical for putting an exciting and accessible twist to American history, others have argued that the musical is not nearly as “revolutionary” as it claims to be. This essay is designed to …

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Actions Above Words: A Biography Of Vice Admiral Clifton “Ziggy” Sprague, John Kirwan Apr 2021

Actions Above Words: A Biography Of Vice Admiral Clifton “Ziggy” Sprague, John Kirwan

Undergraduate Theses

Among the many larger than life and fascinating figures of the Second World War, one who is seldom spoken of is the late Vice Admiral Clifton A.F. "Ziggy" Sprague. A quiet man from New England, Admiral Sprague was an accomplished pilot, administrator, and commander. From service during the First World War to assisting in the testing of nuclear devices following the end of the Second World War, Sprague was a force behind the scenes. He was devoted to his profession and refused to play the political game those above him did, preferring that his actions speak greater volumes than any …

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Oregon's Racial Purity Regime: The Influence Of International Scientific Racism On Law Enforcement, Legislation, Public Health, And Incarceration In Portland, Oregon During The Victorian And Progressive Eras (1851-1917), Katherine N. Bush Apr 2021

Oregon's Racial Purity Regime: The Influence Of International Scientific Racism On Law Enforcement, Legislation, Public Health, And Incarceration In Portland, Oregon During The Victorian And Progressive Eras (1851-1917), Katherine N. Bush

Dissertations and Theses

In 1983, the Oregon State legislature repealed the eugenic sterilization law that had been in use for 60 years. Initially passed during the Progressive era, this law epitomized the State's legacy of surveilling, policing, caging, and inflicting brutality on marginalized and racialized communities who were deemed dangerous, threatening, or contagious. Public health leaders, political officials, law enforcement authorities, and private charities worked together as a multivalent system to maintain racial purity in the State. This racial purity regime drew upon a legacy of international pseudo-scientific racism to justify and bolster policies, legislation, and practices that targeted impoverished communities, people of …

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Military Operations On The St. Johns, September-October 1862 (Part I), Edwin C. Bearss Apr 2021

Military Operations On The St. Johns, September-October 1862 (Part I), Edwin C. Bearss

Florida Historical Quarterly

As the months passed the Union blockade of the Southern coast increased in effectiveness. To make matters worse for the Confederacy, Union amphibious commands were put ashore at a number of points, vital ports and strategic forts were seized, and the number of points at which blockade runners could land their valuable cargos were constantly reduced. On the east coast of Florida, Fernandina, Fort Clinch, Jacksonville, and St. Augustine had been occupied by the Federals in March, 1862. The following month, Jacksonville was evacuated by the Unionists.

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Apr 2021

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Reviews of General Leonidas Polk, C. S. A., The Fighting Bishop. By Joseph H. Parks. (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1962. x, 408 pp. Illustrations, maps, notes, critical essay on authorities, index. $7.50.); Josephus Daniels Says: An Editor’s Political Odyssey From Bryan to Wilson to FDR, 1894-1913. By Joseph L. Morrison. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1962. x, 281 pp. Notes, bibliography, index. $7.50.); Boss Cermak of Chicago: A Study of Political Leadership. By Alex Gottfried. (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1962. xiii, 459 pp. Index. $6.50.); The South and the Southerner. By Ralph McGill. (Boston: Atlantic-Little, …

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Newspaper Mottoes In Ante-Bellum Florida, William Warren Rogers Apr 2021

Newspaper Mottoes In Ante-Bellum Florida, William Warren Rogers

Florida Historical Quarterly

Southern newspapers before the Civil War were individualistic, caustic, and for the most part politically partisan. The typical newspaper devoted a page to foreign news, contained a section devoted to literary items, and had an outspoken editorial page. Editors borrowed liberally from each other, usually but not always citing the sources of their borrowings. The last page was filled with advertisements but they were also scattered throughout the paper, frequently appearing on page one.

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Federal Relations With The Apalachicola Indians, 1823-1838, James W. Covington Apr 2021

Federal Relations With The Apalachicola Indians, 1823-1838, James W. Covington

Florida Historical Quarterly

In Grant Foreman's outstanding book Indian Removal, the classic account of the Five Civilized Tribes’ movement from the southeastern United States into Indian Territory, the author introduces the Seminole section with the following words: "In the dishonorable record of our dealings with the Indians there is perhaps no blacker chapter than that relating to the Seminole people." l Certainly when we think of the Seminoles we recall broken treaties, dogs tracking Indians through the swamps and the capture of Osceola while protected by a flag of truce. One rather shady phase of the Seminole removal which has been somewhat neglected …

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Florida's First Railroad Commission, 1887-1891, Durward W. Long Apr 2021

Florida's First Railroad Commission, 1887-1891, Durward W. Long

Florida Historical Quarterly

The purchase of four million acres of land from the State of Florida by Hamilton Disston at the rate of $.25 an acre brought with it several important developments. Funds received by the state from this purchase enabled the trustees of the Internal Improvement Fund to free state land from litigation which had prevented the sale of land under their control. After the sale, the trustees were free once more to extend land grants to railroad companies. The practical effect was a great increase in railroad construction in the years following. Between 1880 and 1888 the mileage of track increased …

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A Scientist Observes Florida: 1870, John Large, Jr. Apr 2021

A Scientist Observes Florida: 1870, John Large, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

No roll of nineteenth century America’s eminent men of science would be complete without the name of Jared Potter Kirtkurd. His noteworthy career was no less of an ornament to the historical recollection of northeastern Ohio than to the scientific fraternity of the country as a whole. Kirtland’s endeavors led him into many areas of public enlightenment. Born in Connecticut in 1793, of deeply-rooted New England ancestry, young Jared had shown an early enthusiasm for horticulture and natural history. At the age of fifteen years he made an original scientific contribution. Later in 1815, at Yale Medical College, he received …

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Apr 2021

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Reviews of The American Tory. By William H. Nelson. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1961. vi, 194 pp. Index. $4.80.); Catholics and the American Revolution: A Study in Religious Climate. By Charles H. Metzger, S. J. (Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1962. 306 pp. $5.00.); Prologue to War: England and the United States, 1805-1812. By Bradford Perkins. (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1961. 457 pp. $7.95.); North of Slavery: The Negro in the Free States, 1790-1860. By Leon F. Litwack. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961. 318 pp. Bibliographical essay and index. $6.00.); Reflections of the Civil War …

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Tampa At The Close Of The Nineteenth Century, Jose Rivero Muniz Apr 2021

Tampa At The Close Of The Nineteenth Century, Jose Rivero Muniz

Florida Historical Quarterly

Before the advent of the tobacco industry, Tampa was a population center of slight importance in the State of Florida. Fishing, wood-cutting, and the cultivation of certain vegetables were the principal occupation of its few inhabitants. Located on sandy and relatively arid ground which was covered by few trees other than stunted pines and unexploitable palmetto palms, the extensive prairies of the region were marked principally by numerous marshes and a few sulphur springs. It was not an infrequent occurrence among the isolated thickets to stumble upon an apparently sleeping alligator or a scarcely less dangerous rattlesnake or water moccasin.

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La Floride: 1565, James W. Covington Apr 2021

La Floride: 1565, James W. Covington

Florida Historical Quarterly

The coming of the French Huguenots to Florida in 1564 and their establishment of an outpost known as Fort Caroline proved to be a remarkable event both for Spanish imperialism and the student of Indian customs and law. When the King of Spain learned that the French had invaded land which he considered to be his own and that renegade groups had raided nearby islands, he ordered Pedro Menendez de Aviles to organize a force and expel the invaders. Part of the contract signed by Menendez included the founding of two towns in Florida. Thus, when Menendez landed in Florida …

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Memoir Of A West Pointer In Florida: 1825, Cecil D. Eby, Jr. Apr 2021

Memoir Of A West Pointer In Florida: 1825, Cecil D. Eby, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

In the early summer of 1825 the group of Seminoles relegated to the Big Swamp area of central Florida by the treaty of Moultrie Creek, signed two years before, were subjected to a drought so severe that nearly their whole crop was destroyed. Forced to subsist upon game, the Indians obtained permission from Major Gad Humphreys, their agent at the post that later became known as Fort King, to send hunting parties beyond the boundaries of their reservation to the north. While the incursion of Indian hunters into territories belonging legally to white settlers was absolutely necessary for the survival …

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The Story Of Captain John C. Casey, Fred W. Wallace Apr 2021

The Story Of Captain John C. Casey, Fred W. Wallace

Florida Historical Quarterly

One link in the chain of off-shore islands extending from Anclote Key southward along Florida’s Gulf coast is Casey Key in Sarasota County. This little Key has more than its share of natural beauty and charm yet remains one of the least known islands. Although little is heard of Casey Key, except locally, for which the residents who value privacy are grateful, even more obscure is the origin of the name. One historian has written, “When and how Casey’s Pass was named no one knows. According to waterfront legend an Irishman named Casey settled there for a number of years …

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