Digital Commons Network^™

Tourism Was Not The Only Purpose: Jacksonville Republicans And Newark's Sentinel Of Freedom, John T. Foster

Florida Historical Quarterly

Florida tourism grew during the Reconstruction period, and it became a major force in the economy along the St. Johns River. Some of this development occurred as a result of stories about Florida published in northern newspapers and magazines. Among these articles are a series which appeared in a Newark, New Jersey, paper, the Sentinel of Freedom.

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

TAMPA: THE TREASURE CITY, by Gary R. Mormino and Anthony P. Pizzo, reviewed by Janet Snyder Matthews; MIZNER’S FLORIDA, AMERICAN RESORT ARCHITECTURE, by Donald W. Curl, reviewed by Ivan A. Rodriguez; STETSON UNIVERSITY: THE FIRST 100 YEARS, by Gilbert L. Lycan, reviewed by Charlton W. Tebeau; THEIR NUMBER BECOME THINNED, by Henry F. Dobyns, reviewed by Kathleen A. Deagan; CATHOLICS IN THE OLD SOUTH, edited by Randall M. Miller and Jon L. Wakelyn, reviewed by Michael V. Gannon; JOHN BELL HOOD AND THE WAR FOR SOUTHERN INDEPENDENCE, by Richard M. McMurry, reviewed by K. Jack Bauer; THE SOUTH RETURNS TO …

Cracker-Spanish Florida Style, James A. Lewis

Florida Historical Quarterly

Over the years the regional diversity of the United States has coined scores of colorful words to describe groups of people perceived to have something in common. On occasion, these words, often pejorative in connotation, have worked their way into other languages, a classic example being the term Yankee. One of the more expressive regional terms to find its way into a foreign language has been the word cracker, defined in the Oxford English Dictionary as a “contemptuous name in [the] Southern States of N. America [applied] to the ‘poor whites’: Whence familiarly, to the native whites of Georgia and …

Military Duty In Antebellum Florida: The Experiences Of John Henry Winder, Arch Fredric Blakey

Florida Historical Quarterly

Two Catholic priests escorted and partially carried a dying man to the gallows at the Old Capital Prison in Washington, D.C. The condemned man was Heinrich Hartmann Wirz. Branded by his executioners as the “beast of Andersonville prison,” he was hanged on November 10, 1865. He had been found guilty of conspiring to murder Union prisoners and was executed as a war criminal, the only such casualty of the Civil War.

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

THE OLDEST CITY, edited by Jean Parker Waterbury, reviewed by Eugene Lyon; SPANISH ST. AUGUSTINE: THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF A COLONIAL CREOLE COMMUNITY, By Kathleen Deagan, reviewed by John S. Otto; FORT LAUDERDALE AND BROWARD COUNTY, by Stuart B. McIver, reviewed by Thelma Peters; EDGE OF WILDERNESS: A SETTLEMENT HISTORY OF MANATEE RIVER AND SARASOTA BAY, by Janet Snyder Matthews, reviewed by Steven F. Lawson; THE PLOT TO STEAL FLORIDA: JAMES MADISON’S PHONY WAR, by Joseph Burkholder Smith, reviewed by J. Leitch Wright, Jr.; DOGS OF THE CONQUEST, by John Grier Varner and Jeanette Johnson Varner, reviewed by Amy Turner Bushnell; …

Florida's Cattle-Ranching Frontier: Hillsborough County (1860), John Solomon Otto

Florida Historical Quarterly

In 1860, the southern edge of settlement— which delimited the “settled” areas with more than two persons per square mile from the “frontier” areas with fewer than two inhabitants per square mile— stood in central Florida. With the exception of a settled enclave about eastern Tampa Bay, the southern half of the Florida peninsula was a true frontier. It was the largest remaining frontier east of the Mississippi River. By 1860, the bulk of the south Florida frontier fell within the boundaries of five counties— Hillsborough, Manatee, Monroe, Brevard, and Dade whose total population was only 7,077.

Changing Face Of Jacksonville, Florida: 1900-1910, James B. Crooks

Florida Historical Quarterly

Compelled by a devastating fire, May 3, 1901, that laid waste to most of downtown, Jacksonville not only rebuilt, but changed notably in other ways during the first decade of the twentieth century. Its population more than doubled. New or expanding suburbs, skyscrapers, hotels, theaters, automobiles, streetcar lines, parks, and city services reflected urban development. Substantial economic growth took place in banking, trade, and transportation. Public and private efforts to provide health, education, and human services increased. In addition, the community’s popular culture became more diversified.

Wagon Tracks Volume 36, Issue 1 (November 2021)

Wagon Tracks

Contents

2 On the Cover: East Meets West, by Cally Krallman

4 Insights from your President

5 Joanne’s Jottings

2, 6-9, 13, 19 Trail News

10-12 Remembering Faye Gaines

14 Faces at the Symposium By Dotti Russell

15-20 A Million Ways to Die in the West: Three Pandemics by John F. Steinle

21-28 Santa Fe Trail Association Hall of Fame Inductees

29-35 Chapter Reports

33 Membership Form

36 Calendar

Diary Of Kena Fries, Jean Yothers

Florida Historical Quarterly

In 1870, a few Swedes led by Dr. William A. Henschen and his brother Esaias settled on Henry S. Sanford’s lands lying on the south shore of Lake Monroe. Other Swedes were not long in following them to central Florida. Sanford, in need of labor for the development of his new town and the care of his groves, employed Henschen as his agent to return to Sweden to recruit immigrants. In May 1871, Henschen returned with the first of two groups of Swedes. Many of their countrymen, hearing of the Swedish colony at New Uppsala near Sanford, came and established …

New Light On Gálvez's First Attempt To Attack Pensacola, Everett C. Wilkie

Florida Historical Quarterly

Bernardo de Gálvez’s proposed siege of Pensacola, Florida, in 1780 started inauspiciously when his fleet was overtaken by an October hurricane that seriously compromised prospects for an assault that year on the British garrison. Concrete information about the hurricane’s destruction is, however, sketchy concerning those ships that returned to Havana. The contemporary reports that are known are fairly brief and contain little or no specific information about the damage that befell the fleet as a result of the storm.

T. Gilbert Pearson: Young Ornithologist In Florida, Oliver H. Orr

Florida Historical Quarterly

In the introduction to T. Gilbert Pearson’s autobiography, Adventures in Bird Protection, Frank M. Chapman praised Pearson as the “leading bird conserver of his generation,” the person who, more than any other, must be credited with having “secured legal rights for Citizen Bird.“

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

ANATOMY OF A LYNCHING, THE KILLING OF CLAUDE NEAL, by James R. McGovern, reviewed by Raymond Arsenault; GEORGE GAULD: SURVEYOR AND CARTOGRAPHER OF THE GULF COAST, by John D. Ware, reviewed by Louis DeVorsey; THE LOG OF H.M.S. Mentor, 1780-1781, A NEW ACCOUNT OF THE BRITISH NAVY AT PENSACOLA, edited by James A. Servies, reviewed by Frank L. Owsley, Jr.; BONNIE MELROSE, THE EARLY HISTORY OF MELROSE, FLORIDA, by Zonira Hunter Tolles, reviewed by Merlin G. Cox; WILLIAM LAUDERDALE: GENERAL ANDREW JACKSON’S WARRIOR, by Cooper Kirk, reviewed by Frank Laumer; THE GLORIOUS CAUSE: THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, 1763-1789, by Robert Middlekauff, …

John Ellis, Royal Agent For West Florida, Roy A. Rauschenberg

Florida Historical Quarterly

When Britain acquired West Florida in 1763, John Ellis was appointed royal agent for West Florida. Found only in Nova Scotia, Georgia, and East and West Florida, royal or crown agents were used in underdeveloped but strategically important colonies that lacked the revenue to finance their own government. In these cases the crown assumed the financial load, and the agent was the London-based fiscal officer— the comptroller— supervising the crown’s allocations to the colony. Though easily confused with the better known and more widely used colonial agent, the royal agent was an entirely different kind of office. The royal agent …

Following Bartram's "Track": Titian Ramsay Peale's Florida Journey, Charlotte M. Porter

Florida Historical Quarterly

On Christmas Day 1817, Titian Ramsay Peale, the seventeen-year-old son of Charles Willson Peale, noted painter and founder of the nation’s first museum, left Philadelphia with zoologist George Ord and sailed to Savannah, Georgia. There they joined the wealthy geologist, William Maclure, and Thomas Say, whose pioneering work on American insects the self-styled “Dr. T. R. Peale” had begun to illustrate for publication. All four men, including young Titian, were officers of the newly incorporated Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. As Academy president, Maclure generously supported members’ fieldwork, although the exact scientific expectations for this collecting trip into Florida …

Timucuan Rebellion Of 1656: The Rebolledo Investigation And The Civil-Religious Controversy, Fred Lamar Pearson, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

The Timucuan Indians rebelled in 1656 because they had been mistreated by the Spaniards. In particular, the Indians reacted against the forced labor policy which Governor Diego de Rebolledo had sought to impose on them. Forced labor had not originated in Florida during the Rebolledo Administration, but the manner in which the governor sought to carry out his policy proved galling to the Indians. Often when St. Augustine experienced frequent food shortages because of the uncertainty of the situado, governors turned to the provinces to procure corn to see the settlers through the difficulty. Apparently such a shortage existed in …

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

THE KING'S COFFER, PROPRIETORS OF THE SPANISH FLORIDA TREASURY, 1565-1702, by Amy Bushnell, reviewed by Light T. Cummins; VICENTE FOLCH, GOVERNOR IN SPANISH FLORIDA, 1787-1811, by David Hart White, reviewed by Carole W. Troxler; FLORIDA'S “FRENCH" REVOLUTION, 1793-1795, by Charles E. Bennett, reviewed by William S. Coker; THE BILLY BOWLEGS WAR, 1855-1858: THE FINAL STAND OF THE SEMINOLES AGAINST THE WHITES, by James W. Covington, reviewed by John K. Mahon; THE PAPERS OF HENRY LAURENS, VOLUME 8, OCT. 10, 1771-APRIL 18, 1773; THE PAPERS OF HENRY LAURENS, VOLUME 9, APRIL 19, 1773-DEC. 12, 1774, edited by George C. Rogers, Jr. …

German Tourists In Florida: A Two-Century Record, Earl R. Beck

Florida Historical Quarterly

In 1981, 74,219 West German tourists landed in the airport in Miami. This figure, which represents over a ten per cent increase over 1980, does not take account of many Germans who came to Florida after landing elsewhere in the United States. Those thousands of Germans who visit Florida today are continuing the lively interest in this state which began more than two hundred years ago. But, strangely enough, the number of German accounts of Florida and its myriad lures has been quite small. Stranger still, while tourism has grown, German writing about Florida has declined, and some recent accounts …

An Integrated Free School In Civil War Florida, Gerald Schwartz

Florida Historical Quarterly

During the Federal occupation of Jacksonville in February 1864, an attempt was made by Dr. Esther Hill Hawks, an abolitionist lady from New Hampshire, to operate there the state’s first racially integrated free school. This kind of an integrated facility, fleeting though it proved to be, was among the first in any southern state.

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

JOSÉ DE EZPELETA, GOBERNADOR DE LA MOBILA, 1780-1781, by Francisco de Borja Medina Rojas, reviewed by Robin F. A. Fabel; SUN, SAND AND WATER: A HISTORY OF THE JACKSONVILLE DISTRICT U. S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, 1821-1975, by George E. Buker, reviewed by Nelson M. Blake; THE WESTWARD ENTERPRISE: ENGLISH ACTIVITIES IN IRELAND, THE ATLANTIC AND AMERICA, 1480-1650, edited by K. R. Andrews, N. P. Canny, and P. E. H. Hair, reviewed by Eugene Lyon; LETTERS OF DELEGATES TO CONGRESS, 1774-1789, VOLUME 5, AUGUST 16-DECEMBER 31, 1776, edited by Paul H. Smith, Gerard W. Gawalt, Rosemark Fry Plakas, and Eugene …

Engineers Vs Florida's Green Menace, George E. Buker

Florida Historical Quarterly

In the late 1880s or early 1890s (sources are vague as to the exact time), people living along the St. Johns River were enthralled by the addition of a beautiful floating water plant to the river’s scenery. Above a luxuriant green base towered a spike of purple flowers. Steamboat operators were pleased when the tourists admired the drifting bouquets gliding by their vessels. Cattlemen along the river were enthused at the prospect of a new cheap fodder for their stock. They gathered bundles of the floating greenery to carry upriver for propagation in their ponds and streams. Mr. Fuller, owner …

Tampa And The New Urban South: The Weight Strike Of 1899, Gary R. Mormino

Florida Historical Quarterly

"The decade of the nineties is the watershed of American history," wrote Henry Steele Commager in The American Mind. The case of Tampa, Florida, in this period reinforces Commager’s suggestive thesis that the ten years before the beginning of the twentieth century ushered in modern values accompanied by a profound population change, economic transformation, and urban problems. War, immigration, urbanization, racial turmoil, labor strife, and industrialization— crises of the nineties— helped forge the transformation of Tampa during this era which resulted in the 1899 “Huelga de la Pesa,” (the Weight Strike) and its aftermath.

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

ABORIGINAL SUBSISTENCE TECHNOLOGY ON THE SOUTHEASTERNCOASTAL PLAIN DURING THE LATE PREHISTORIC PERIOD, by Lewis H. Larson, reviewed by Elizabeth J. Reitz; THIS SO REMOTE FRONTIER: THE CHATTAHOOCHEE COUNTRY OF ALABAMA AND GEORGIA, by Mark E. Fretwell, reviewed by J. Leitch Wright, Jr.; PREHISTORIC ARCHITECTURE IN THE EASTERN UNITED STATES, by William N. Morgan, reviewed by Jerald T. Milanich; THE SPANISH CROWN AND THE DEFENSE OF THE CARIBBEAN, 1535-1585: PRECEDENT, PATRIMONIALISM, AND ROYAL PARSIMONY, by Paul E. Hoffman, reviewed by Stanley M. Hordes; FIREARMS IN COLONIAL AMERICA: THE IMPACT ON HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY, 1495-1792, by M. L. Brown, reviewed by Albert …

Florida Seminoles And The Census Of 1900, Harry A. Kersey, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

One of the most persistent problems confronting historians dealing with the Seminole Indians in Florida during the late-nineteenth century has been a paucity of reliable population data. In the first four decades of the modern tribal era, the years following cessation of the Third Seminole War in 1858, there was only one attempt at a comprehensive account of Florida Seminoles. That was a survey conducted in the winter of 1880-1881 by Clay MacCauley for the Smithsonian Institution, which yielded what has become the generally accepted base line population figures. He found 208 Seminoles residing in the state, the unhappy remnant …

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

FLORIDA’S POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT, edited by Manning J. Dauer, reviewed by Charlton W. Tebeau; FLORIDA’S AVIATION HISTORY: THE FIRST 100 YEARS, by Warren J. Brown, reviewed by John P. Ingle, Jr.; FLORIDA ARCHAEOLOGY, by Jerald T. Milanich and Charles H. Fairbanks, reviewed by Stephen J. Gluckman; THE REVOLUTION REMEMBERED: EYEWITNESS ACCOUNTS OF THE WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE, edited by John C. Dann, reviewed by Geraldine M. Meroney; CORRESPONDENCE OF JAMES K. POLK. VOLUME V, 1839-1841, edited by Wayne Cutler, reviewed by Joseph H. Parks; VIOLENCE AND CULTURE IN THE ANTEBELLUM SOUTH, by Dickson D. Bruce, Jr., reviewed by Ernest M. Lander, …

War Clouds On The Mississippi: Spain's 1785 Crisis In West Florida, Gilbert C. Din

Florida Historical Quarterly

"I look forward to a time, not very far distant, when . . . the whole [of Georgia] will be settled and connected . . . to the banks of the Mississippi." Judge George Walton of Wilkes County, Georgia, who spoke these words in 1785, visualized the expansion of his state after the assembly had that year enacted a law for the erection of Bourbon County on the Mississippi’s east bank. The new county extended along the Father of Waters from the Yazoo River to the thirty-first parallel. In creating it, Georgia based itself on the 1783 peace treaty with …

Wagon Tracks Volume 35, Issue 4 (August 2021)

Wagon Tracks

Contents

2 On the Cover: Cheyenne Horse Guard by Ron Kil

4 Insights from your President

5 Joanne’s Jottings

2, 6-11 Trail News

12-16 2021 SFTA Symposium

29-30 Book Reviews: David C. Beyreis, Blood in the Borderlands; Conflict, Kinship, and the Bent Family, 1821-1920. Reviewed by John Porter Bloom. Richard L. Miller, John P. Slough: The Forgotten Civil War General. Reviewed by Leo Oliva. Lee M. Cullimore, To Make a Fortune in Missouri: Meredith Miles Maramduke 1791-1864. Reviewed by Rich Lawson.

31-36 Chapter Reports

33 Membership Form

36 Calendar

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

LA POBLACION DE LUISIANA ESPANOLA (1763-1803), by Antonio Acosta Rodríguez, reviewed by Paul E. Hoffman; FIFTY YEARS OF PLEASURE: THE ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF PUBLIX SUPER MARKETS, INC., by Pat Watters, reviewed by Charlton W. Tebeau; ARCHEOLOGY AND A SCIENCE OF MAN, by Wilfred T. Neill, reviewed by John W. Griffin; DISCOVERING AMERICA, 1700-1875, by Henry Savage, Jr., reviewed by Richard A. Bartlett; THE PAPERS OF HENRY LAURENS, VOLUME SEVEN: AUG. 1, 1769-OCT. 9, 1771, edited by George C. Rogers, Jr., David R. Chestnutt, and Peggy J. Clark, reviewed by Richard Walsh; LETTERS OF DELEGATES TO CONGRESS, 1774-1789, VOLUME 4: MAY …

Art Is Long; Life Isn't Randolph Caldecott In America And In Florida, John Cech

Florida Historical Quarterly

Randolph Caldecott, the noted British illustrator, began his first and last visit to the United States and eventually to Florida in November 1885. Born in 1846, Caldecott was nearly forty and near the end of his life at the time of the journey. Friends had encouraged him to spend the worst part of the winter of 1885-1886 in St. Augustine, Florida, and the American South, away from the bleak English weather that often threatened to break his fragile health. Caldecott suffered, for most of his relatively short life, from a heart condition, the aftereffects of a childhood bout with rheumatic …

Abner Doubleday And The Third Seminole War, David Ramsey

Florida Historical Quarterly

Abner Doubleday, the grandson of a veteran of the American Revolution, was born June 26, 1819, at Ballston Spa, New York, twenty miles north of Albany. Abner attended school in Auburn and later Cooperstown, New York, before entering the United States Military Academy in 1838. Graduating in 1842, he stood number twenty-four academically in a class of fifty-six.

Spain's Sixteenth-Century North American Settlement Attempts: A Neglected Aspect, Eugene Lyon

Florida Historical Quarterly

A somewhat neglected aspect of Spanish colonial aims and deeds in eastern North America was the settlement impulse. Due to historical hindsight and cultural stereotyping, the colonizing powers have often mistakenly been categorized: the English as settlers-farmers and artisans; the Spaniards as exploiters-bullion-seekers; and the Dutch and the French as traders devoted primarily to the Indian trade. In fact, comparative investigation would likely disclose more similarities than differences among the colonizing efforts in North America, given the varying cultural and institutional bases of the European powers.