Digital Commons Network^™

Jury Responsibility In Capital Sentencing: An Empirical Study, Theodore Eisenberg, Stephen P. Garvey, Martin T. Wells

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

The law allows executioners to deny responsibility for what they have done by making it possible for them to believe they have not done it. The law treats members of capital sentencing juries quite differently. It seeks to ensure that they feel responsible for sentencing a defendant to death. This differential treatment rests on a presumed link between a capital sentencer's willingness to accept responsibility for the sentence she imposes and the accuracy and reliability of that sentence. Using interviews of 153 jurors who sat in South Carolina capital cases, this article examines empirically whether capital sentencing jurors assume responsibility …

Litigation Outcomes In State And Federal Courts: A Statistical Portrait, Theodore Eisenberg, John Goerdt, Brian Ostrom, David Rottman

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

"U.S. Juries Grow Tougher on Plaintiffs in Lawsuits," the New York Times page-one headline reads. The story details how, in 1992, plaintiffs won 52 percent of the personal injury cases decided by jury verdicts, a decline from the 63 percent plaintiff success rate in 1989. The sound-byte explanations follow, including the notion that juries have learned that they, as part of the general population, ultimately pay the costs of high verdicts. Similar stories, reporting both increases and decreases in jury award levels, regularly make headlines. Jury Verdict Research, Inc. (JVR), a commercial service that sells case outcome information, often is …

Linear Models For Multivariate Repeated Measures Data, Shantha S. Rao

Mathematics & Statistics Theses & Dissertations

In this dissertation we focus mainly on the analysis of continuous multivariate repeated measurements data based on the assumption of multivariate normality. However certain aspects of the analysis of univariate repeated measures data are also considered. Typically, we have measurements on p variables (possibly correlated) in the form of px1 vectors y_ijk observed at k = 1,2, ...,t_ij occasions on j = 1,2, ..., n_i individuals from i = 1,2, ..., g groups. We assume a naturally occurring covariance structure V_ij ⊗ ∑ among the p variables on the j^th individual from i^th group …

Adaptive Integration Of Audio And Visual Information Using Discrete And Semi-Continuous Hidden Markov Models In Audiovisual Automatic Speech Recognition, Qin Su

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

An audiovisual semi-continuous hidden Markov model (HMM)-based Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system and an improved method of integrating audio and visual information in an audiovisual discrete HMM-based ASR system are investigated.

In the audiovisual discrete HMM, an adaptive integration formulation is employed, which incorporates the integration into the HMM at a pre-categorical stage. A visual weighting parameter is determined automatically, which allows the relative contribution of audio and visual information to be adjusted adaptively. Using an adaptive weight, the accuracy increased by 13% compared to the same model with no adaptive weight.

The semi-continuous HMM is a class of models …

Association Between Nutrient Intake And Risk Of Coronary Heart Disease In California Seventh-Day Adventists, Peter Pribiš

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Dietary habits are believed to be major determinants of risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Studies of high and low risk populations have suggested several nutrients to be protective or hazardous against CHD. Most published work since 1984 on diet and CHD in the Adventist Health Study (AHS) population examined either foods or food groups. This study investigated ten nutrients as exposure variables and their relationship to CHD risk. A cohort of 23,616 nonsmoking, non-Hispanic white California Seventh-day Adventists was followed for six years beginning in 1976. Extensive dietary information was collected at baseline, as well as values of traditional …

Xenophilia In American Courts, Kevin M. Clermont, Theodore Eisenberg

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

Foreigner! The word says it all. Verging on the politically incorrect, the expression is full of connotation and implication. A foreigner will face bias. By such a thought process, many people believe that litigants have much to fear in courts foreign to them. In particular, non-Americans fare badly in American courts. Foreigners believe this. Even Americans believe this.

Such views about American courts are understandable. After all, the grant of alienage jurisdiction to the federal courts, both original and removal, constitutes an official assumption that xenophobic bias is present in state courts. As James Madison said of state courts: “We …

Courts In Cyberspace, Theodore Eisenberg, Kevin M. Clermont

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Evolutionary Semigroups And Dichotomy Of Linear Skew-Product Flows On Locally Compact Spaces With Banach Fibers, Y. Latushkin, S. Montgomery-Smith, Timothy W. Randolph

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We study evolutionary semigroups generated by a strongly continuous semi-cocycle over a locally compact metric space acting on Banach fibers. This setting simultaneously covers evolutionary semigroups arising from non-autonomous abstract Cauchy problems and C0-semigroups, and linear skew-product flows. The spectral mapping theorem for these semigroups is proved. The hyperbolicity of the semigroup is related to the exponential dichotomy of the corresponding linear skew-product flow. To this end a Banach algebra of weighted composition operators is studied. The results are applied in the study of: "roughness" of the dichotomy, dichotomy and solutions of nonhomogeneous equations, Green's function for a linear skew-product …

Weighing Evidence In Sexual Abuse Evaluations: An Introduction To Bayes's Theorem, James Wood

Selected Works Temporary Series

This article introduces readers to Bayes' theorem, a simple mathematical formula that can illuminate general issues and assist evaluators in the field of child sexual abuse. The theorem is applied to a case study of sexual abuse allegations that arose during a custody dispute.

Weighing Evidence In Sexual Abuse Evaluations: An Introduction To Bayes's Theorem, James Wood

Departmental Papers (Psych)

This article introduces readers to Bayes' theorem, a simple mathematical formula that can illuminate general issues and assist evaluators in the field of child sexual abuse. The theorem is applied to a case study of sexual abuse allegations that arose during a custody dispute.

Applications Of The Upside-Down Normal Loss Function, David Drain, A. M. Gough

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The upside-down normal loss function (UDNLF) is a weighted loss function that has accurately modeled losses in a product engineering context. The function''s scale parameter can be adjusted to account for the actual percentage of material failing to work at specification limits. Use of the function along with process history allows the prediction of expected loss-the average loss one would expect over a long period of stable process operation. Theory has been developed for the multivariate loss function (MUDNLF), which can be applied to optimize a process with many parameters-a situation in which engineering intuition is often ineffective. Computational formulae …

Asymptotic Analysis Of Oseen Equations For Small Viscosity, R. Temam, X. Wang

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this article, we derive explicit asymptotic formulas for the solutions of Oseen's equations in space dimension two in a channel at large Reynolds number (small viscosity ε). These formulas exhibit typical boundary layers behaviors. Suitable correctors are defined to resolve the boundary obstacle and obtain convergence results valid up to the boundary. We study also the behavior of the boundary layer when simultaneously time and the Reynolds number tend to infinity in which case the boundary layer tends to pervade the whole domain.

Acer Quest: The Interactive Test Analysis System. Version 2.1., Raymond J. Adams, Siek-Toon Khoo

Measurement and statistics

This is a guide to using Quest. Quest offers a comprehensive test and questionnaire analysis environment by providing a data analyst with access to the most recent developments in Rasch measurement theory, as well as a range of traditional analysis procedures. It includes an easy to use control language with flexible and informative output. Quest can be used to construct and validate variables based on both dichotomous and polychotomous observations. It scores and analyses such instruments as multiple choice tests, Likert type rating scales, short answer items, and partial credit items.

Download the legacy ACER Quest software here

Download the …

Federal Legislation Needed To Improve Towing Vessel Safety, Paul J. Keenan Jr.

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

To the casual observer, towing vessels and barges, with their low profile and unassuming presence, may seem to be an uninspiring and small part of the shipping scene. However, tank and dry cargo barges actually carry sixty-nine percent of our nation's domestic waterborne commerce. Regulations for large ships, especially oil tankers, have touched every aspect of the shipping industry, including naval architecture, engineering, damage control, manning, training, licensing, etc. Towing vessels and barges however, have largely managed to escape the proliferation of regulation. Current legislation does not provide for the inspection of sea-going towing vessels under three hundred gross tons …

Sources Of Epidemiological Equivocacy, Timothy Sly

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Mr. Sly discusses five sources of uncertainty and ambiguity in health and medical research that can interfere with decision making.

Inverse Limits On [0,1] Using Logistic Bonding Maps, Marcy Barge, William Thomas Ingram

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper we investigate inverse limits on [0,1] using a single bonding map chosen from the logistic family, fλ (x) = 4λx(1-x) for 0 ≤ λ ≤ 1. Many interesting continua occur as such inverse limits from arcs to indecomposable continua. Among other things we observe that up through the Feigenbaum limit the inverse limit is a point or is hereditarily decomposable and otherwise the inverse limit contains an indecomposable continuum. © 1996 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Ua56/1 Fact Book, Wku Institutional Research

WKU Administration Documents

Statistical and demographic profile of WKU.

On An Investment-Consumption Model With Transaction Costs, Marianne Akian, José Luis Menaldi, Agnès Sulem

Mathematics Faculty Research Publications

This paper considers the optimal consumption and investment policy for an investor who has available one bank account paying a fixed interest rate and n risky assets whose prices are log-normal diffusions. We suppose that transactions between the assets incur a cost proportional to the size of the transaction. The problem is to maximize the total utility of consumption. Dynamic programming leads to a variational inequality for the value function. Existence and uniqueness of a viscosity solution are proved. The variational inequality is solved by using a numerical algorithm based on policies, iterations, and multigrid methods. Numerical results are displayed …

A New Archaeoastronomical Investigation Of The Irish Axial-Stone Circles, Frank T. Prendergast, Clive L. Ruggles

Conference Papers

This paper presents the preliminary results of a project undertaken in 1994 to investigate the astronomical potential of the axial-stone circles (ASCs) of seven or more stones in Counties Cork and Kerry, south-west Ireland. This group of sites is of particular interest in that the monuments in the group bear a striking resemblance to the recumbent stone circles (RSCs) of Aberdeenshire, eastern Scotland, which appear to exhibit a strong pattern of alignment in relation to prominent hilltop summits and the rising and setting position of the moon. The first indications from the Irish data are that similar patterns of alignment …

Control Uniqueness In Reconstructability Analysis, Martin Zwick

Complex Systems Faculty Publications and Presentations

When the reconstructability analysis of a directed system yields a structure in which a generated variable appears in more than one subsystem, information from all of the subsystems can be used in modeling the relationship between generating and generated variables. The conceptualization and procedure proposed here is discussed in relation to Klir's concept of control uniqueness.

Detecting Trends And Patterns In Reliability Data Over Time Using Exponentially Weighted Moving-Averages, Harry F. Martz, Paul H. Kvam

Department of Math & Statistics Faculty Publications

A simple, easy-to-use graphical method is presented for use in determining if there is any statistically significant trend or pattern over time in an underlying Poisson event rate of occurrence or binomial failure on demand probability. The method is based on the combined use of both an exponentially weighted moving-average (EWMA) and a Shewhart chart. Two nuclear power plant examples are introduced and used to illustrate the method. The false alarm probability and power when using the combined procedure are also determined for both cases using Monte Carlo simulation. The results indicate that the combined procedure is quite effective in …

A Center-Unstable Manifold Theorem For Parametrically Excited Surface Waves, Larry Turyn

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

When fluid in a rectangular tank sits upon a platform which is oscillating with sufficient amplitude, surface waves appear in the ''Faraday resonance.'' Scientists and engineers have done bifurcation analyses which assume that there is a center manifold theory using a finite number of excited spatial modes. We establish such a center manifold theorem for Xiao-Biao Lin's model in which potential flow is assumed but an artificial dissipation term is included in the system of partial differential equations on the free surface. We use interpolation spaces developed by da Prate and Grisvard, establish maximal regularity for a family of evolution …

Curing A Summing Error That Occurs Automatically When Fitting A Function To Binomial Or Poisson Distributed Data, Edwin S. Braithwaite, Wilfred J. Braithwaite

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Without special precautions a sum-rule error occurs automatically when a chi-squared procedure is used to fit a funtion to binomial or Poisson distributed histogram data if the function has at least one linear parameter. Since the square of the variance per channel is equal to the mean population, errors are usually approximated using (G2~=yi>0)}; this choice for approximating the variance gives a per-channel error weighting of 1/yi that automatically results in a sum-rule error. This sum-rule error consistently and systematically underestimates the total sum of the data points by an amount equal to the value of %*, resulting in …

Exact Multiplicity Results For Boundary Value Problems With Nonlinearities Generalizing Cubic, Philip Korman, Yi Li, Tiancheng Ouyang

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

"Duel" Diligence: Second Thoughts About The Supremes As The Sultans Of Swing, Paul H. Edelman, Jim Chen

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

We respond to Professor Lynn A. Baker's criticisms of our article, The Most Dangerous Justice: The Supreme Court at the Bar of Mathematics. Professor Baker fundamentally misunderstands our measure of Supreme Court voting power. Moreover, she erroneously presumes that the "median Justice" wields the bulk of the Court's power. Even if there were a median Justice, it is far from clear whether he would be the Most Dangerous Justice. We conclude with a clarification of the median voter theorem and its implications for the distribution of voting power within the Supreme Court.

Power Analysis For The Mixed Linear Model, Cheryl Annette Dixon

Theses and Dissertations

Power analysis is becoming standard in inference based research proposals and is used to support the proposed design and sample size. The choice of an appropriate power analysis depends on the choice of the research question, measurement procedures, design, and analysis plan. The "best" power analysis, however, will have many features of a sound data analysis. First, it addresses the study hypothesis, and second, it yields a credible answer.

Power calculations for standard statistical hypotheses based on normal theory have been defined for t-tests through the univariate and multivariate general linear models. For these statistical methods, the approaches to power …

Mandibular Asymmetry In Unilateral Class Ii Malocclusion : A Cephalometric Study, Raed Z. Moussa

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study is to evaluate skeletal and dental asymmetry in unilateral class II malocclusion. A study group of 25 unilateral subdivision patients was compared to 25 class I malocclusion patients serving as the control group. Submento-vertical and frontal radiographs were used for the evaluation. Symmetry was evaluated by comparing measurements between right and left sides for both groups and matching the middle points with the midsagittal axis. Statistical paired and simple t-test were used to evaluate the difference between the two sides for both groups. The measurements showed no significant skeletal and dental asymmetries except for three …

The Questionable Probability Theory Behind The Strange Story Of The Bell Curve's Bell Curve, Miriam Lipschütz-Yevick

Humanistic Mathematics Network Journal

No abstract provided.

Student Fact Book, Fall 1995, Wright State University, Office Of Student Information Systems, Wright State University

Wright State University Student Fact Books

The student fact book has general demographic information on all students enrolled at Wright State University for Fall Quarter, 1995.

The Support Of Measure-Valued Branching Processes In A Random Environment, Donald A. Dawson, Yi Li, Carl Mueller

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

We consider the one-dimensional catalytic branching process intro­duced by Dawson and Fleischmann, which is a modification of the super­ Brownian motion. The catalysts are given by a nonnegative infinitely divisible random measure with independent increments. We give sufficient conditions for the global support of the process to be compact, and sufficient conditions for noncompact global support. Since the catalytic process is related to the heat equation, compact support may be surprising. On the other hand, the super-Brownian motion has compact global support. We find that all nonnegative stable random measures lead to compact global support, and we give an example …