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Marketing Kentucky Hay — An Update, J. Kenneth Evans

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Based on soil capabilities, Kentucky could grow 2-million acres of alfalfa while increasing the acreage of corn and soybeans. Even more than 2-million acres could be grown if Kentucky grown alfalfa should show market demands making it economically competitive with corn and soybeans. Marketing is the key to developing demand which could make hay a $1-billion Kentucky crop.

Many of you have heard or read my comments on marketing hay. In this presentation, I will present a brief review of what I have previously said and then bring you up to date on hay marketing activities since the alfalfa conference …

Evaluating Alfalfa Grazing — Dollars And Cents, Robert N. Barnes

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Returns on many Kentucky farms are declining due to reduced tobacco and feedgrain income. This fact, coupled with traditionally low (or negative) returns from typical cow/calf beef enterprises, has been associated with interest in alternative crop and livestock production systems. Alfalfa produced as a cash crop is increasing and many farmers are realizing substantial returns. In the Central Kentucky Area, many farmers have been stimulated to produce alfalfa since demand for high quality hay by horse farms has been strong. As interest in alfalfa is renewed, other farms have begun to introduce intensive or controlled grazing techniques in order to …

Grazing Options In Alfalfa Utilization, Paul D. Deaton

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Objective

1. The pure alfalfa stand would not be damaged during the grazing period.
2. For steers - animal performance while on the alfalfa was more important than pounds of beef produced per acre.
3. For cow/calf - animal density high enough to remove green leaf area in maximum of 5 days.
4. Initiate the demonstration with a minimal out-of-pocket cost for fence, water system, etc.
5. Minimize the occurrence of bloat where possible.

Comparison Of Electrical Moisture Meters For Baled Alfalfa Hay, W. H. Henson Jr., G. M. Turner, Michael Collins, O. J. Yeoman

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

A primary concern in producing quality alfalfa hay is moisture measurement. Some precision in moisture measurement is required since hay can be too wet, leading to dry matter and quality loss through mold; it can be too dry, leading to shatter loss during baling, handling and storage.

Moisture measurement in hay can take many forms. One form of subjective (personal judgment) evaluation is brittleness of leaves and stems in the windrow or bale. Typical objective methods consist of electric meters with calibration curves and oven drying.

Advances In Alfalfa Weed Control, James R. Martin

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

The most significant advances in weed control in alfalfa have originated from developments in herbicide technology, This method of weed control began over 20 years ago when such herbicides as EPTC and 2,4-DB were being used by alfalfa farmers. Since then, more than twelve herbicides have been added to the list of products recommended for weed control in alfalfa. (For specific recommendations, see Extension publication "Chemical Control of Weeds in Kentucky Farm Crops", AGR-6).

Influence Of Potato Leafhopper On Alfalfa Yield And Quality, C. M. Christensen

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

The potato leafhopper has the distinction of being one of the native insects that can have a very major impact on the production characteristics of alfalfa. This insect is very definitely the second most important pest of this crop, with the alfalfa weevil, an imported insect, holding the distinction of being the most damaging. These tiny insects (full grown potato leafhoppers are 1/8 inch long) have a very definite impact on alfalfa but their damage is very insidious and hard to recognize.

Quality Seed Production And Use, Garry D. Lacefield

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Quality seed is an important consideration and investment in an efficient alfalfa program. Farmers who depend on alfalfa need to be certain that the seed they purchase is of high quality. High quality seed means it must be free of noxious weeds, have a purity of 99.5 percent, a germination of approximately 90 percent or higher and be seed that is true to the variety stated.

Effects Of Soils And Fertility On Alfalfa Production, Monroe Rasnake

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Alfalfa can be grown anywhere in Kentucky and on a wide range of soil types. This statement seems to contrast with what we are accustomed to hearing in regard to alfalfa. The usual statement is: "Alfalfa requires a deep, well drained and highly fertile soil . . .". Actually, the two statements are not conflicting. They just represent the plant-soil interactions. The first looks at what is possible while the other is concerned with the ideal situation. In order to understand these different perspectives, we need to consider how soil characteristics affect the alfalfa plant.

Foreword [1987], Garry D. Lacefield

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

This is the front matter of the proceedings.

Reversible Tile Subsurface Drainage And Irrigation, Monroe Rasnake, Lloyd W. Murdock

Soil Science News and Views

There are more than 900.000 acres of cl ass IIw land and 800,000 acres of class IIIw land in Kentucky. All of this land is suitable for row crop farming if it can be drained. Most of the problems are with internal drainage, some of which can be improved by installing drainage title.

Control Of Peas And Lupins In Wheat, J. R. Peirce, B. J. Rayner

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 87A29

Lupins were easier to kill than peas.

Glean applied pre-sowing gave very poor control of both peas and lupins.

The treatment using higher rates of 2,4-D amine in diuron mix also caused lower yields.

The Tordon 242 treatment appeared to cause some yield depression.

Disease And Insect Resistance; Murex Medic Evaluation; Legume Species Phasic Development, D J. Gillespie

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

A summary of the performance of the control varieties (four replications) is shown in Table 3. A summary of the root rot ratings for some varieties showing a range of root rot susceptibility to all four pathogens is given in Table 4. Plant weights were recorded for all varieties tested against the three pathogens in the Western Australian experiments. Results for 12 of the 60 varieties are shown in Table 5. Murex medic evaluation. 86MT56 (Mount Barker), Gravelly loam pH 5.2 (water). 86NA46 (Darken) Loamy sand pH 5.4 86M037 (Regans Ford) Fine red sand pH 5.8 All sites were established …

Effect Of Different Chemical Treatments On Capeweed Control And Crop Yield., J. R. Peirce, B. J. Rayner

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 87WH60

Control of capweed was obtained using post-emergence in-crop herbicides. Good control was on most of the treatments applied before seeding.

Most products showed good ryegrass control are not usually effective, assume some other factor operating. Treatment usually associated with good ryegrass control have higher ryegrass densities than the treatments using herbicides with only broadleaved variety.

Although large reductions in density of silvergrass were obtained none was significantly better than the unsprayed. Some treatments particularly those favouring grass dominance allowed silvergrass density to build up.

Bromegrass appears to be very sensitive to competition from capeweed. Where there was high …

The Ecology Of Skeleton Weed In Western Australia. Survival And Reproduction Of Wild Radish Populations, F. D. Panetta

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

1.1 Skeleton weed demographic studies (84BA17)

To determine potential growth rates of skeleton weed populations on contrasting soil types.

2.1 Wild radish demography in lupin crops (87GE86) - the results are missing in the report please see in supplementary content

Control Of Peas And Lupins In Oats, J. R. Peirce, B. J. Rayner

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 87A30

All lupin treatments satisfactory.

Treaments 4, 8 and 9, ie Dicamba 500 ml and both treatments with diuron + 2,4-D amine would not control peas sufficiently to prevent rejection of line of oats. Peas are more difficult to control.

Saffrom Thistle, Seed Set Control, J. R. Peirce, B. J. Rayner

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 87ME119 - Saffron thistle, seed set control.

Trial 87TS38 - Saffron thistle control (seed set)

Trial 87JE42 - Seed set control in Saffron thistle.

All treatments had some measure of reducing seed production. Best control was obtained by applying chemicals just at or prior to flowering.

Control Of Wild Statice (Limonium Sinuatum) In Pasture., B. Kimber, R. Ramm

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 87LG64

Wild Statice is a prolific seeder. Glean + diuron treatments, which were not included in trial gave good control, as did the farmer's treatment using Tribunil followed by heavy grazing. Later applications may be more effective because they may prevent seed formation for that year and also prevent the plant from recovering from spraying, as apparently with the early spraying.

Most chemical treatments would cause damage to broadleaved pasture.

Topsoil Displacement Methods For Crop Establishment. (Wheat And Barley), J. H. Moore, G. R. Dean

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial No. 87AL28.

1. To create a reduced disease situation around the crop seed by placing surface soil from the seed row into the inter row zone.

2. to provide a more wettable, less weedy, less acidic environment for cereal seed by placing surface soil from the seed row into the inter row zone.

3. To improve seedling establishment and growth by packing the seeding rows only.

History Effects On Wheat Response., J. H. Moore, G. R. Dean

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 85AL42

To determine the effects of tillage, sowing density, and time of planting of Osprey and Aroona on the pest and disease incidence, early growth and yield.

The Tolerance Of Legumes To Broadleaf Herbicides., P. Stewart, L. Mann

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 87KA52

The control of broadleaf weeds in leguminous pasture is of major concern because of the ability of these weeds to compete strongly with the leguminous plants. The presence of broadleaf weeds in pasture reduces the pastures nutritional value as well as total nitrogen fixation. There are many herbicides which are available to control broadleaf weeds, but most of these are registered for use in cereals. The amount of tolerance that leguminous pasture plants show to many of these herbicides and herbicide mixes is not known.

The experiments were designed to screen a large number of herbicides for legume …

Phenological And Reproductive Development Of The Four Major Grass Species, P. Stewart, L. Mann

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 87KA51

The decision of when to spray is one of the major difficulties encountered when spraytopping grassy pasture for seed set control. Previous work has shown the general herbicide application timing window for the major grasses, but within this window, the amount of seed set control achieved can still be poor. Obviously timing within this window needs to be more rigorously defined. The fundamental question we need to answer is; when do the target grasses begin to produce viable seed in relation to their phenological development and in relation to other grass species? If we know this, then herbicide …

Effects Of Residue Levels Of Simazine On Wheat Growth, And Possible Synergism By Glean., Terry Piper, Patrick Pigott

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 87PE36

A previous field test 86N33 had suggested that an apparent simazine residue affect on wheat growth might be exacerbated by Glean. This trial was carried out to further test the herbicide combination.

Glean Use On Drier Alkaline Soils, Terry Piper, Patrick Piggott

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 86SG25 - Salmon Gums Research Station

There was no apparent evidence of chlorsulfuron carryover at either site, although the medic stand was visually assessed as thinned on 19/8/1987. In the absence of grazing pressure however, the remaining plants compensated by 25/9/1987.

Trial 87WH64 : The effects of low levels of Glean on lupins, in the presence of Hoegrass or Fusilade. Wongan Hills Research Station

This trial is a duplicate of 86WH53 and the results can be considered together.

Statistical analysis has shown a very highly significant effect of Glean on lupin growth in 1987, and on seed yield in …

Evaluation Of Risk Factors Leading To Soil Destabilisation On The South Coastal Sandplain Of Western Australia, R V R Gwynn, P A. Findlater, J R. Edwards

Resource management technical reports

The problems of wind erosion in part of the south coast of Western Australian sandplain area were described previously (Gorddard et al, 1981) with 7.3 per cent of cleared and 18.3 per cent of the cropped area showing evidence of sand blasting. Department of Agriculture trials have shown that the loss of the top four millimetres of top soil from pastured paddocks can reduce following crop yields by up to 20 per cent (Marsh and Carter, 1983). Animal production problems associated with wind erosion of soils have not been quantified, but a number of problems such as reduced carrying capacity …

The Economics Of Saltland Agronomy, John S. Salerian, Clive Malcolm, Eddie Pol

Resource management technical reports

No abstract provided.

The Land Resources And Carrying Capacity Of Gascoyne Locations 228 And 229, North Of Carnarvon, Western Australia, M R. Wells, Veronica P M Oma, Alexander Mcrae Holm

Resource management technical reports

No abstract provided.

Post Emergence Weed Control In Lupins., R. Madin, J. Buckley

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

As a general assessment in can be said that Tigrex is a safe and efficient herbicide for control of radish in wheat. Brodal alone was generally unsatisfactory for radish control. While Diuron + Brodal was safe and efficient, Ally and Brodal should not be used together. Diuron + MCPA gave poorer control than one would normally expect.
87WH67

Control Of Prickly Saltwort (Salsola Kali) In Pasture., G. Fleay, R. Ramm

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 87LG65

Glean post-em @ 10 and 15 g/ha gave good control.

A later trial gave good control with Garlon 4800 or 2,4-D amine when sheep grazed the weed after treatment. Considerable pasture damage would be done with all chemicals during the growing season.

Isoproturon Evaluation - Timing Of Application On Efficacy And Crop Damage., R. Madin, J. Buckley

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

The trial was effectively a tolerance trial. Best overall weed control was achieved with Glean and the higher rates of Isoproturon which in turn gave best control as a pre-plant, incorporated treatment.
87A23, 87WH54

Manipulation Of The Soil Seed Reserves Of Bromus Diandrus And B. Rigidus By Enhancing The Breakdown In Seed Dormancy., A H. Cheam

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Location: South Perth Field Plots

Previous studies on the seed bank of Bromus diandrus indicated that shallow burial of newly shed seeds enhanced the breakdown in seed dormancy over the summer period. To bury the Bromus seeds one practical approach is to introduce sheep into the paddock.
This study is a repeat of the previous work but included B. rigidus, another species of Bromus, that is commonly ground growing in association with B. diandrus.
Location: South Perth Field Plots.