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Adaptasi Dan Validasi Skala Kelekatan Terhadap Kecerdasan Artifisial, Theda Renanita, Julaibib Julaibib, Yohanes Budiarto

Jurnal Psikologi Sosial

Recent years have witnessed renewed interest in how attachment is no longer limited to human figures. Instead, the attachment discourses now also encompass artificial intelligence (AI). Attachment to AI could be caused by a number of factors which could potentially lead to some psychological consequences, hence this new dynamic calls for further in-depth inquiries to understand it better.

To date, no previous study has developed an Indonesian version scale to measure AI attachment that is adequate in terms of its psychometric properties. The primary aim of this study is to demonstrate the adaptation and validation of the attachment to AI …

Editorial Note: Navigating Institutional Complexity Across State, Civil, And Market Sectors, Muhammad Ramaditya, Rijal Ramdhani

BISNIS & BIROKRASI: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi dan Organisasi

No abstract provided.

Pemaknaan Perilaku Phubbing Dalam Interaksi Sosial Pada Generasi Z Dan Generasi Milenial: Sebuah Studi Kasus Berganda, Ikhwanul Ihsan Armalid, Zidan Achmad, Wulan Zaesa Aurellia, Azimatul Mardliyah

Jurnal Psikologi Sosial

The development of digital technology has transformed patterns of social interaction and given rise to the phenomenon of phubbing, which refers to ignoring one’s interlocutor due to smartphone use. This study aims to examine the meaning-making of phubbing behavior among the Millennial Generation and Generation Z in social interactions, focusing on differences in meaning, emotional responses, and ethical judgments. This study employed a qualitative approach with a multi-case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations involving seven participants selected using purposive sampling techniques. Data analysis was conducted through verbatim transcription, coding, and thematic analysis using the constant …

The Value Of Information Shared By Indonesian Social Media Influencers Living In Germany, Atika Aisyarahmi Munzir

Jurnal Wacana Politik

This article examines the informational value and influence of Indonesian Social Media Influencers (SMIs) in Germany as informal information intermediaries, highlighting how they disseminate knowledge about living in Germany and shape Indonesians' perceptions of educational and employment opportunities abroad. The study adopts a critical narrative literature review combined with reflexive digital observation of publicly available content produced by Indonesian SMIs residing in Germany. The findings suggest that the informational value of SMI content is shaped by three interrelated dimensions: utility, relatability, and credibility. Indonesian SMIs provide practical information about education, employment, migration, culture, and everyday life in Germany, while their …

An Evaluation Of Southern Nevada’S Pediatric Care Ecosystem, David Damore, Tina Quigley, Nick Fiore

Policy Briefs and Reports

In 2024, The Lincy Institute and the Nevada Health and Bioscience Corporation released a report prepared by the consulting firm Tripp Umbach detailing the case for a stand-alone children’s hospital in Southern Nevada. Shortly thereafter, Intermountain Health announced it would build Nevada’s first such facility in Las Vegas, expected to open in 2030. To complement the hospital’s development, The Lincy Institute undertook an independent evaluation of the regional pediatric care landscape. The analysis draws on secondary data and discussions with advocates, health system administrators, practitioners, and providers. The report examines:

• Fiscal, resource, and workforce challenges underlying Nevada’s poor population-level pediatric …

Cso’S Strategic Approaches For Improvement Of Health Services: A Case Of Ccbrt Hospital Dar Es Salaam Region, Tanzania, Andrew Abia Mushi, Emelda Kivumbi Lwena

BISNIS & BIROKRASI: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi dan Organisasi

Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) play an increasingly important role in complementing government efforts to improve access to and quality of health services, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. However, limited empirical attention has been given to the strategic approaches through which CSOs contribute to health service improvement in Tanzania. This study explored the strategic approaches employed by the Comprehensive Community Based Rehabilitation in Tanzania (CCBRT) to improve health services in Tanzania. The study adopted a qualitative approach and a descriptive research design. Twenty respondents were purposively and conveniently selected from a study population of 100 participants. Data were collected through …

Leadership And Integrated Governance: New Recipe To Transforming Institutional Capacity For Sustainable Village-Owned Enterprises (Bum Desa), Amni Zarkasyi Rahman, Satria Aji Imawan, Prihantoro Prihantoro, Dyah Lituhayu, Ika Riswanti Putranti

BISNIS & BIROKRASI: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi dan Organisasi

This study aims to investigate the interaction between integrated leadership and governance in strengthening the institutional capacity and resilience of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUM Desa). It addresses the academic gap where leadership and governance are rarely explored as an integrated framework for rural economic transformation. Using a qualitative case study approach, the research compares two contrasting models: BUM Desa Tirta Mandiri, which utilizes a hierarchical governance structure, and BUM Desa Puspa Jagad, which employs an egalitarian, community-based approach. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with key stakeholders and a comprehensive analysis of internal policy documents. The results reveal that integrated governance …

Consumer Perceptions Of Diversity, Equity And Inclusion In A Heritage Beauty Branding: Pathways To Brand Image, Connection, Love, And Loyalty, Nuzul Riska, Anni Rahimah, Kadarisman Hidayat

BISNIS & BIROKRASI: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi dan Organisasi

In an increasingly competitive and socially conscious marketplace, Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) initiatives are emerging as powerful strategic tools for brand differentiation and consumer engagement. This study investigates the influence of DEI-driven marketing strategies on brand image and brand connection, and their subsequent impact on brand loyalty, with brand love examined as a moderating variable within the beauty industry. Employing a quantitative, explanatory research design, data were collected from 250 respondents using purposive sampling and analyzed through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that DEI significantly enhances both brand image and brand connection. While brand …

Youth Participation In Kediri, Indonesia: An Urban Communication Perspective, Nissa C. Adinia, Budi Guntoro, Roso Witjaksono

JURNAL KOMUNIKASI INDONESIA

This article examines how young people in a mid-sized Indonesian city participate in producing the meaning of urban space, and how far a participatory communication intervention succeeds in opening dialogue with city stakeholders. Urban communication scholarship has developed primarily around metropolitan cities in the Global North, while participatory communication research often assumes that facilitated dialogue leads to empowerment. This article addresses both gaps through a Photovoice study conducted in Kediri, East Java, involving 37 young people from three social typologies: pelajar (students), santri (Islamic boarding school-affiliated youth), and pekerja/wirausaha (young workers and entrepreneurs). Drawing on Lefebvre’s spatial triad and Couldry’s …

Financial Stress Among Low- And Moderate-Income Latino Adults In California: The Role Of Price Pressures And Holiday Spending, Luisa Blanco, Philip Husband, Nataly Luna, Enrique Torres, Sara Weiss

School of Public Policy Working Papers

We examine financial stress among low- and moderate-income Latino adults in California during a period of elevated prices and the 2025 holiday season. Participants from the Mobile Financial Diary cohort (n = 69; 218 person-wave observations) completed four monthly surveys covering November 2025 through February 2026. We compare four measures of financial health, wellbeing, stress, and anxiety across income groups and analyze open-ended responses using the RADaR technique. Respondents below the sample median income had lower financial health and higher financial stress and anxiety, whereas perceived financial wellbeing did not differ significantly. Holiday stress was similar across groups, but lower-income …

Digital Companions Or Relational Substitutes? Understanding The Use Of Generative Ai As Storytelling Companion Among Young Adults, Lail Queeny Nurfaizah, Syurawasti Muhiddin Ms

Jurnal Psikologi Sosial

Objectives. This study aims to explore the factors underlying the use of GenAI as a storytelling companion among young adults. Method. A qualitative approach was employed within an interpretivist paradigm, using an open-ended questionnaire as the primary data collection instrument. A total of 412 participants aged 19–33 years were recruited through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using data-driven thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke's six-phase framework. Results. Two major themes emerged: Driving Factors and Barriers to Continuing Interaction. Each theme comprised four sub-themes organized around cognitive, affective, instrumental, and social dimensions, yielding 26 sub-themes in total. Driving factors were predominantly …

The Algorithmic Narcissus: Ai Validation And The Atrophy Of The 'Athletic' Social Self, Ilham Phalosa Reswara, Anggi Mayangsari

Jurnal Psikologi Sosial

Artificial intelligence systems designed around continuous affirmation and minimal friction are becoming increasingly prominent as social and relational partners in everyday life. This article examines how sustained interaction with such frictionless AI systems may reshape the developmental conditions under which social selfhood forms and is maintained. Drawing on Cooley's (1902) looking glass self, Kohut's (1971) concept of optimal frustration, and the developmental literature on social competence, the article argues that frictionless AI may distort the social mirror through which identity forms, remove the manageable frustration that appears necessary for psychological growth, weaken empathic capacity, and erode the social stakes that …

Penerapan Digital Parenting Untuk Menangani Dampak Negatif Bermain Gawai Terhadap Kemampuan Prososial Anak Usia Dini, Pria Dita Anis Wari, Muqowim Muqowim

Jurnal Psikologi Sosial

Implementing digital parenting is an alternative for parents to address the negative impacts of gadget use on the prosocial abilities of early childhood. This is particularly relevant for working mothers who have limited time to accompany their children's digital activities. This study aims to examine the perceptions of working mothers regarding the implementation of digital parenting as an effort to enhance the prosocial abilities of early childhood, the forms of implementation, and the dynamics experienced. This research is qualitative and phenomenological in nature. The subjects of the study consist of three working mothers with different professions and children aged 5-6 …

Sharing Toys, Sharing Talks, Sharing Thoughts: Siblings’ Role In Language Skills And Theory Of Mind In Children, Khansa Nabila Anjani, Ike Anggraika Kuntoro

Jurnal Psikologi Sosial

Background: Theory of mind (ToM) refers to the ability to understand one’s own and others’ mental states and is closely related to children’s prosocial behavior. Previous research has linked ToM to language skills and sibling factors; however, findings remain inconsistent. Siblings may function as early social partners who support language use and social–cognitive development, thereby influencing ToM. This study examined whether sibling presence moderates the relationship between language skills and ToM in children. Methods: Participants were 117 children aged 4–7 years from the Jabodetabek area, recruited using convenience sampling. A simple moderation analysis with bootstrapping was conducted. Results …

Gambaran Generasi Z Yang Kesepian Dalam Penggunaan Chat Ai Sebagai Pemenuhan Kebutuhan “Someone To Talk”, Ikhwanul Ihsan Armalid, Febty Zahra Arsiwi, Qisthi Fathiyyah, Ratri Mayzakky Afra Syahida

Jurnal Psikologi Sosial

This study aims to understand the experiences of Generation Z individuals who experience loneliness in utilizing Chat AI to fulfill their need for someone to talk to within a socio-emotional context. The study employed a qualitative approach using a phenomenological method involving six Generation Z participants aged 18 to 25 who had used Chat AI for emotional sharing or venting. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. The thematic analysis yielded six main themes: the dynamics of Generation Z social interactions, experiences of loneliness in social life, patterns of Chat AI usage, Chat AI as a …

“Playing Mental Gymnastics”: Exploring Black Women College Athletes' Mental Health Experiences At Historically White Division I Universities, Ezinne D. Ofoegbu

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

Between 2002 and 2022, over 125 college athletes died by suicide, and Division I athletes represented 45% of these deaths. In 2023, Black women college athletes at Division I universities identified racism as a mental health stressor at a higher rate than their non-Black peers. The intersectional nature of social identities and athlete status may create gendered and racialized stressors that are uniquely experienced by Black women athletes. Given the underrepresentation of Black students (i.e., athletes and nonathletes), coaches, faculty, and staff at historically white institutions (HWIs), Black women athletes are likely navigating campus relationships and environments that are shaped …

The Impact Of Toxic Leadership On Intercollegiate Athletics: Gender-Differentiated Perceptions, Tara Tietjen-Smith, Haley Blount

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

While some investigative research has been conducted to examine the impact of toxic, or destructive, leadership in sport, few studies have focused on intercollegiate athletics departments. The purpose of this study was to examine how common toxic leadership is in intercollegiate athletics departments as well as its impact. A quantitative cross-sectional survey study was designed to examine NCAA Division I and II athletics employee experiences using the Toxic Triangle of Sport Management (TToSM) as a theoretical framework. Respondents (N = 2,051) were asked questions concerning their perceptions of work environments, leadership, and organizational culture procured from three distinct and well-established …

Elite Esports Players And Their Physical Health: A Systematic Review Of Injuries, Musculoskeletal Pain, And Fitness-Related Factors, Michal Steffl, Daniel Opelik, Vladimir Hlinka, Grzegorz Mikrut, Petra Hospodkova

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The rapid rise of competitive esports has sparked concerns over the physical health of elite players. Prolonged sedentary behaviour, repetitive movements, and poor ergonomic practices may predispose these athletes to injuries, musculoskeletal pain, and unfavourable body composition. Materials and methods: A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted by searching Pub-Med, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and Web of Science for cross-sectional studies on physical activity (PA), body composition, physical fitness, and musculoskeletal health in elite esports players. Data from 22 peer-reviewed studies involving 5,035 participants aged 16 to 35 were synthesized. Results: Findings consistently show that esports players engage in lower …

Perspectives Of Trauma Among Licensed Trauma Therapists: A Concept Mapping Study, Sean W. Bullock

Master's Theses

To address gaps between research and psychotherapeutic intervention for trauma and trauma-related issues, the current study elicited and analyzed the perspectives of licensed trauma therapists via a concept mapping process. A literature review was conducted to explore the history and limitations of trauma’s current medical use as outlined by Criterion A of posttraumatic stress disorder in the DSM-5-TR. To answer the research question regarding how practitioners understand trauma, the researcher recruited licensed trauma therapists (n = 17) to participate in concept mapping. Participants generated 126 unique statements, which they then sorted based on similarity and rated individually on importance. Hierarchical …

แนวทางการคุ้มครองสิทธิอนามัยเจริญพันธุ์สตรีและผู้ที่มีความหลากหลายทางเพศในบริบทของประเทศไทย (The Protection Of Reproductive Health Rights Of Women And Lgbtqian+ Persons In The Context Of Thailand), Chattrika Napatanapong, Nichakorn Khonthong

Chulalongkorn University Law Journal

บทความนี้มุ่งศึกษาถึงการคุ้มครองสิทธิอนามัยเจริญพันธุ์ของสตรีและผู้มีความหลากหลายทางเพศในบริบทประเทศไทย ภายใต้พันธกรณีระหว่างประเทศด้านสิทธิมนุษยชน เช่น อนุสัญญาว่าด้วยการขจัดการเลือกปฏิบัติต่อสตรีในทุกรูปแบบ (CEDAW) หลักการยอกยาการ์ตา และเป้าหมายการพัฒนาที่ยั่งยืนข้อที่ 5 ซึ่งต่างยืนยันถึงสิทธิในการเข้าถึงสุขภาพทางเพศและอนามัยเจริญพันธุ์อย่างเสมอภาคและปราศจากการเลือกปฏิบัติ จากการศึกษาพบว่า แม้ประเทศไทยจะมีความก้าวหน้าในเชิงกฎหมายและนโยบาย แต่ยังคงเผชิญอุปสรรคสำคัญ อาทิ อคติจากผู้ให้บริการ ความเหลื่อมล้ำทางเศรษฐกิจและภูมิศาสตร์ ตลอดจนข้อจำกัดทางกฎหมายที่ยังไม่สอดคล้องกับมาตรฐานสิทธิมนุษยชนสากล การศึกษาวิจัยนี้จึงมุ่งศึกษาพัฒนาการและปัญหาทางกฎหมายและนโยบายของประเทศไทยที่เกี่ยวข้อง เช่น การยุติการตั้งครรภ์ การขยายสิทธิประโยชน์ด้านการคุมกำเนิด การบริการอนามัยเจริญพันธุ์ รวมถึงสิทธิในการเข้าถึงบริการยาฮอร์โมนและการยืนยันเพศสภาพ โดยศึกษาเปรียบเทียบกับการคุ้มครองสิทธิอนามัยเจริญพันธุ์ในสหราชอาณาจักร เยอรมนี และอินเดีย อันเป็นตัวอย่างการพัฒนากลไกกฎหมายและนโยบายที่ช่วยลดความเหลื่อมล้ำและสร้างระบบบริการที่เป็นมิตร เพื่อยกระดับกลไกทางกฎหมายและนโยบายสาธารณะของไทยให้สามารถส่งเสริมและสนับสนุนสิทธิอนามัยเจริญพันธุ์เกิดขึ้นจริง ภายใต้พันธกรณีระหว่างประเทศด้านสิทธิมนุษยชน และบรรลุเป้าหมายการพัฒนาอย่างยั่งยืนได้ต่อไป

The Cognitive Construction Of Sustainable Environmental Awareness Through Green Language Pedagogy In Second Language Acquisition, Meral Yavuz Kartal, Osman Yılmaz Kartal

Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development

The escalating global ecological crisis highlights the need for new approaches to sustainability education, while the cognitive role of Second Language Acquisition (SLA) remains underexplored. This study employs a critical literature review with a systematic search and qualitative thematic synthesis to develop a proposed Green Language Pedagogy (GLP) model. The review followed a four-stage screening protocol (identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion) and analyzed 50 theoretical and empirical sources published between 2014 and 2025. This analysis of the selected literature reveals a stark disparity: an estimated 85% of the reviewed environmental education research focuses on factual knowledge transfer, whereas only 15% …

Mental Health, Personality, Identity, And Adjusting To Life After Sports, Jovana Babic

Master's Theses

This study looked at how athletes adapt to life after competitive sports in relation to psychological issues. In publicly accessible podcast interviews, 95 former athletes, most competing at the collegiate or professional level, were examined using their own words. Claude and Gemini, two large multimodal models, independently coded each interview for four mental health outcomes: depression, anxiety, dependency, and identity confusion, as well as for a set of predictor variables, such as neuroticism, emotion regulation, athletic identity, identity foreclosure, intrinsic motivation, grit, social support, and retirement planning. A binary present or absence coding system was employed, and Gwet's AC1 was …

Age Differences In Perceived Individual And Community Recovery After Tornadoes: Implications For Community-Centered Recovery Policy In An Aging Society, Sizhuo Chen, Zhen Cong

Health Sciences and Kinesiology Faculty Articles

"This study examines perceived individual recovery and perceived community recovery among tornado survivors across three waves spanning four years. Using three-wave longitudinal survey data from survivors in Dallas, Texas; Nashville, Tennessee; and Birmingham, Alabama collected in 2021, 2022, and 2025, we estimate recovery trajectories using linear mixed-effects growth models. We link respondents to tract-level SVI 2020 component measures to examine whether tract-level social vulnerability contextualizes age differences in recovery perceptions. We ask: (1) How do perceived individual recovery and perceived community recovery change over time? (2) Do these trajectories differ by age group? (3) Do community social vulnerability measures contextualize …

Eeg-Emg Coupling And Functional Neuroplasticity In Elite Combat Athletes: Effects Of Neurofeedback Training On Corticomuscular Coherence And Performance, Alicja Markiel, Kinga Łosińska, Marcin Żak, Adam Maszczyk

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Neurofeedback training has gained attention as a neuroplasticity based intervention for athletic performance, yet pathways linking cortical oscillatory modulation to neuromuscular adaptation and strength remain poorly characterized in elite combat athletes. Objective: This study examines whether EEG neurofeedback targeting sensorimotor alpha upregulation and frontal theta/delta modulation enhances cortico-muscular coherence, neuromuscular function, and maximal strength in elite MMA athletes. Methods: Thirty elite male MMA athletes (n = 10/arm) were randomized to intensive neurofeedback (E20G, 20 sessions), abbreviated neurofeedback (E15G, 15 sessions), or sham control. EEG spectral indices, EMG parameters (RMS, MF, iEMG, onset latency), beta band CMC, and maximal strength …

New Basketball Venues And Attendance In Men's College Basketball: Insights For Facility Planning And Athletic Department Strategy, Brad Stinnett

Global Sport Business Journal

As college athletic departments continue to put considerable resources into basketball facilities, understanding the impact these venues can have on attendance has become increasingly vital. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of new basketball facilities on attendance among NCAA Division I men's basketball programs. Using a longitudinal pre-post comparative research design, 20 programs that opened new venues since the 2015-16 season served as the sample. A dataset was created using publicly available secondary archival data sources. Findings highlight attendance patterns after the opening of the new venue, facility capacity utilization, and changes in program winning percentage. …

Enhancing Visitor Experiences Through Storytelling In Interpretive Tour Guiding, Naoko Yamada

International Journal of Tour Guiding and Visitor Attraction Research

Heritage interpretation enables visitors to make sense of their experiences by communicating meaningful messages at natural and cultural heritage sites. By fostering understanding, appreciation, and personal relevance, interpretation enriches visitor experiences and encourages responsible attitudes and behaviors. Among various interpretive approaches, storytelling has emerged as a particularly promising means of achieving these outcomes. However, research examining how storytelling enriches heritage interpretation and promotes deeper visitor engagement remains limited. This conceptual paper synthesizes literature from storytelling, psychology, marketing, tourism, and heritage interpretation to develop a framework explaining how storytelling influences interpretive outcomes. The framework proposes that story elements activate psychological mechanisms, …

One Land, “Different Owners”: Theoretical Explanations Of Communal Conflicts In Nigeria, Chukwudi G. Njoku

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

Communal conflicts are prevalent in Nigeria, with thousands of fatalities recorded. Literature suggests that an overwhelming percentage of these conflicts are land ownership related. Through a systematic review of literature and an analysis of conflict data, this study provides further understanding of the role of land ownership and competition in the occurrence and lethality of communal conflicts. It argues that land competition, more than other socio-economic factors is the key driver of communal conflicts in Nigeria. The findings from the analyses are explained with three theories – the tragedy of the commons which proved that the conflicts are triggered by …

Victims Of Bravery (2): Secondary Trauma And Impacts Of Acts Of Bravery On Key Family Members Of Australian Civilian Bravery Award Recipients, Tom Voigt, Susan Balandin, Angela Dew

Heroism Science

We explored the experiences of key family members of Australian civilian bravery award recipients using a constructed grounded theory approach. Twenty-four family members participated in qualitative interviews during 2019–2020. Eighteen reported experiences consistent with possible secondary trauma and negative impacts on mental health and well-being. Participants described helplessness in supporting award recipients, limited knowledge of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSS), and insufficient support for managing their own emotional responses. They also reported anxiety, uncertainty, hypervigilance, behavioral adjustments, social isolation, and sadness associated with living with a person they perceived as changed by the aftermath of heroic …

Intimate Partner Violence And Child Wasting Across Countries: An Ecological Cross-Sectional Study, Wanri Lumbanraja, I Ketut Kasta Arya Wijaya, Ruben Cornelius Siagian

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health issue that can affect the well-being of women, their families, and the child-rearing environment. Meanwhile, wasting in under-five children reflects acute malnutrition linked to food insecurity, infectious diseases, poverty, and access to healthcare services. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the prevalence of IPV among women in the past 12 months and the prevalence of wasting in children under the age of five at the national level. This study addresses the gap in cross-national research, which remains limited in linking IPV as an indicator of social vulnerability with wasting as …

Perceived Susceptibility And Automatic Compliance In Indonesia's Triple Elimination Screening: A Mixed-Methods Study, Ratna Dewi Puspita Sari, Josef Maria Seno Adjie

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

Despite global commitments to eliminating mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, syphilis, and hepatitis B, gaps remain in understanding the behavioral and systemic drivers of screening coverage in decentralized health systems such as Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze individual behavioral determinants and structural health system barriers affecting triple elimination screening coverage among pregnant women, focusing on perceived susceptibility and automatic compliance. A mixed-methods sequential explanatory study was conducted in Central Jakarta, Surabaya, and Karawang. The quantitative phase involved a cross-sectional survey of 1,224 pregnant women, with Health Belief Model variables analyzed using logistic regression. The qualitative phase comprised three …