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The Role Of Organizational Support In The Relationship Between Safety Climate And Organizational Outcomes, Lee Chambers May 2023

The Role Of Organizational Support In The Relationship Between Safety Climate And Organizational Outcomes, Lee Chambers

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Organizations employing individuals in high-risk or safety-sensitive occupations (e.g., construction workers, commercial drivers, pilots, and oil rig workers) face the challenge of ensuring their employees’ safety and well-being amidst various hazards and dangerous situations. To address this, cultivating a positive safety climate has been identified as a crucial factor in reducing workplace accidents or injuries. However, despite its importance, the link between safety climate and non-safety outcomes remains underexplored in the literature. In response, this study proposed a model based on social exchange theory, which highlights the crucial role of organizational support in explaining the relationship between safety climate and …

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Carrying The Weight : The Racialized Labor Of Multicultural Center Directors Of Color In Higher Education, Sherlene Iris Ayala May 2023

Carrying The Weight : The Racialized Labor Of Multicultural Center Directors Of Color In Higher Education, Sherlene Iris Ayala

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Race-based cultural centers (e.g., Black Cultural Centers) were established on college campuses in the 1960s in response to the neglect experienced by Black students (Chessman & Wayt, 2016; Gorski, 2019; Gorski & Chen, 2015; Hurtado et al., 1998; Joseph & Hirshfield, 2011; Smith, 2008). During the multiculturalism movement of the 1980s, some institutions eliminated race- based cultural centers and established Minority Student Services (MSS) to support all historically marginalized students under a centralized center (Patton, 2011; Patton & Hannon, 2008). Since the establishment of these cultural centers, scholars reported that directors experienced institutional roadblocks (e.g., lack of funding) and resistance …

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Brutality Behind Bars: A Look At Prison Violence In Ecuador, Zulema Alejandra Palacios Jaramillo May 2023

Brutality Behind Bars: A Look At Prison Violence In Ecuador, Zulema Alejandra Palacios Jaramillo

Graduate Masters Theses

Prisons are frequently perceived as spaces where those unwanted by society are placed. Thus, they are often purposefully ignored and left under-served. This is the reality of prisons and inmates in Ecuador, where violence has reached unprecedented levels, raising concerns about its causes. As this thesis shows, violence inside prisons is not an isolated incident only provoked by the restrictive nature of detention centers, or the character of inmates, but rather a manifestation of a complex mix of institutional, organizational, criminological, and social factors at play in the country. This thesis aims at understanding, from a conflict resolution perspective, what …

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The Role Of Gender And Curiosity On Transformational Leadership: A Mixed-Methods Study, Brooke Colleen Mott May 2023

The Role Of Gender And Curiosity On Transformational Leadership: A Mixed-Methods Study, Brooke Colleen Mott

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Environmental leaders are tasked with finding innovative solutions to dynamic environmental challenges. Leaders must gain and use new knowledge and experiences that motivate resolving gaps in one’s knowledge (i.e., curiosity) and thereby find forward-thinking solutions. Although curiosity is an integral part of human existence, it may be experienced in various ways. Studies have shown that men and women may possess different leadership styles. Nevertheless, the influence of curiosity on leadership between genders has not been as readily explored. Women exhibit unique characteristics for successful leadership in many contexts, but they are often underrepresented in natural resource management overall. Characteristics of …

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Owed Work Ahead: Public Service Motivation, Corporate Social Responsibility, And The Deconstruction Of Davis-Bacon Noncompliance In Transportation Contracting, Jasmine Platt May 2023

Owed Work Ahead: Public Service Motivation, Corporate Social Responsibility, And The Deconstruction Of Davis-Bacon Noncompliance In Transportation Contracting, Jasmine Platt

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

Noncompliance with the Davis-Bacon Act (1931)—the accidental or intentional disregard of a federal prevailing wage law—is among the most unethical crimes committed against a business’s own workforce. With the threat of sanctions unpersuasive to preventing fraud, a more forbearing eye may be required to understand the understudied construction companies pressed to ‘serve two masters’ in public-private partnerships. This dissertation uses nested data from 26,903 highway and bridge construction- and construction-adjacent firms, funded by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and contracted by 28 state Departments of Transportation between 2010-2019, to answer the overall question: do firms that feel like government comply …

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Exploring Factors That Influence Disagreements In Self-Other Ratings In 360-Degree Feedback Systems, Robert Allen Miller May 2023

Exploring Factors That Influence Disagreements In Self-Other Ratings In 360-Degree Feedback Systems, Robert Allen Miller

Theses and Dissertations

360-degree feedback systems are some of the most widely used ratings systems in organizations today. The current study examined the use of 360-degree feedback systems as a method for capturing job performance in organizations and the challenges associated with accuracy in ratings due to individual differences in perception. The study investigated the links between self-other rating tendencies and narrow facets of personality and examined how an individual’s personality affects self- and other-ratings of their performance behaviors. The findings suggest that various aspects of personality differentially affect both self- and other-ratings of performance, providing a deeper understanding of how individual differences …

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University School Training Model Consultation Practica: Dismantling Anti-Black Racism With Predominately White Educators To Improve School, Family, Community Collaborations With Black Families And Community Stakeholders, Katherine L. Nelson, Joseph R. Morris Apr 2023

University School Training Model Consultation Practica: Dismantling Anti-Black Racism With Predominately White Educators To Improve School, Family, Community Collaborations With Black Families And Community Stakeholders, Katherine L. Nelson, Joseph R. Morris

Journal of Human Services: Training, Research, and Practice

This article outlines a consultation case study facilitated in an urban elementary school through the University School Training Model (USTM) (Colles et al., 2019; Morris et al., 2016). The USTM is a collaboration between an APA accredited Counseling Psychology doctoral program and an urban school district to provide racially responsive counseling and consulting services and graduate level training. The case study details a consultation practica to improve school, family, and community collaborations in an urban elementary school with predominantly Black stakeholders and a predominantly White female school staff. The introduction, background, and self-evaluation of the consultation process are reviewed. Project …

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Examining The Role Of Authentic Leadership In Job Embeddedness And Turnover Intent, Abigail J. Jamison Apr 2023

Examining The Role Of Authentic Leadership In Job Embeddedness And Turnover Intent, Abigail J. Jamison

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Hospital turnover has increased at alarming rates, particularly since the onset and in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. While traditional theories of turnover look at why employees leave, job embeddedness is both a theory and a framework that examines why people stay. Authentic leadership is a relational leadership style comprised of components of self-awareness, internalized moral perspective, relational transparency, balanced processing, and caring. This quantitative correlational research investigated the relationship of authentic leadership as mediator between job embeddedness and turnover intent, as well as the relationships between the five constructs of authentic leadership, to determine which, if any, caused …

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The Role Of Spiritual Fitness On Burnout And Organizational Commitment In High-Stress Environments, Amy Mcdonald Stevens Apr 2023

The Role Of Spiritual Fitness On Burnout And Organizational Commitment In High-Stress Environments, Amy Mcdonald Stevens

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This quantitative study examined the relationships between burnout, spiritual fitness, and organizational commitment in National Guard servicemembers. Recent deployments and chronic stressors have resulted in an emergence of mental health concerns, burnout, and turnover intentions in this population. Research has indicated that elements of spirituality address these concerns and suggest that more spiritual individuals are more resilient, less susceptible to burnout, and find positive meaning in work. This study examined these variables using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach & Jackson, 1981), the Organizational Commitment Scale (Meyer & Allen, 1997), and the SOCOM Spiritual Fitness Scale (Alexander et al., 2020). Correlations …

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Increasing Access To Doulas In Oregon: A Delphi Study, Courtney Elizabeth Crane Apr 2023

Increasing Access To Doulas In Oregon: A Delphi Study, Courtney Elizabeth Crane

Dissertations and Theses

Doulas are trained, nonmedical support professionals that provide continuous emotional, informational, physical, and practical support before, during, and after childbirth. Doula care has been shown to reduce the cost of birth-related healthcare, reduce adverse birth outcomes, and increase patient satisfaction and positive birth experience. In 2011 Oregon became the first state to authorize payment expenditures of doula care through Medicaid as a strategy to reduce birth-related health disparities and increase culturally and linguistically appropriate healthcare delivery. The intention of the set of policies and administrative rules was to mandate access to doulas and other types of Traditional Health Workers (THWs) …

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Investigating The Effects Of Work-Family Conflict On Turnover Intention Of Ict Employees In Malaysia, Lai Meng Lee, Su Wan Gan, Yong Sheng Chia Apr 2023

Investigating The Effects Of Work-Family Conflict On Turnover Intention Of Ict Employees In Malaysia, Lai Meng Lee, Su Wan Gan, Yong Sheng Chia

Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia

With the intensified focus on information and communication technology (ICT) as a driver of the Malaysian economy, pressure will increase on the recruitment and retention of ICT employees. However, work overload and conflict with family roles may lead to a higher level of turnover intention among ICT employees. The objective of this study is to investigate the predicting effects of all forms of work-family conflict (time-based, strain-based and behavior-based) on turnover intentions. This quantitative cross-sectional study utilizes primary data collected from 200 employees from ICT companies in the Klang valley using purposive sampling. Various statistical analyses such as correlation and …

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Analysis Of Public Environmental Expenditure : The Case Study Of Jakarta Province, Didi Prabowo Putra, James Thomas Edward Apr 2023

Analysis Of Public Environmental Expenditure : The Case Study Of Jakarta Province, Didi Prabowo Putra, James Thomas Edward

Jurnal Kebijakan Ekonomi

The national struggle for sustainable development influenced the sub-national governments level in composing their policy directions especially public budget policy. Nonetheless, although the environmental protection function is important, it tends to be marginalized in the national budgetary debates. This study, therefore, attempts to analyse the ‘green budget’ allocation and utilization within the Regional Medium-term Development Plan 2013 – 2017 of Jakarta Province. The methodology draws on descriptive analysis of derived data from annual provincial budget documents, and in-depth interview analysis explored potential barriers and drivers give rise to gaps in budget between the allocation and realization stage. Results show that …

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Effective Public Sector Leadership In A Mandatory Remote Work Environment, Sara Janene Valdez Hoffer Apr 2023

Effective Public Sector Leadership In A Mandatory Remote Work Environment, Sara Janene Valdez Hoffer

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this qualitative case study research was to identify effective public sector leadership skills when operating in a mandatory remote work environment. The research topic was driven by the adjustments many public sector organizations were mandated to make due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to attract and retain a talented workforce in the future, many government agencies have been faced with implementing reconstitution efforts that include more flexible schedule options for employees following the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, these organizations began exploring offering additional remote opportunities that were previously not available. Thus, identifying effective leadership skills …

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A Phenomenological Study Of The Underrepresentation Of Blacks In Leadership Roles In Professional Services Organizations, Marcia E. Stokes Apr 2023

A Phenomenological Study Of The Underrepresentation Of Blacks In Leadership Roles In Professional Services Organizations, Marcia E. Stokes

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this hermeneutical phenomenological study was to understand the lived experiences of Blacks in professional services organizations who were promoted into leadership positions. The theories which guided this study were Spence’s theory on signaling and the Critical Race Theory (CRT). They provided lenses that were used to view the problem of access to advancements and promotions for Blacks in professional services organizations. The research design used for this study was qualitative, and the approach was hermeneutical phenomenological. The qualitative design provided an opportunity to gather the data by hearing the lived experiences of the participants and by capturing …

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A Phenomenological Study Of Pastors Leaving Employment Due To Experienced Poor Person-Organization Fit, Stephen T. Buys Apr 2023

A Phenomenological Study Of Pastors Leaving Employment Due To Experienced Poor Person-Organization Fit, Stephen T. Buys

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore and describe pastors’ experiences who have served full-time in a lead/senior pastor role in evangelical churches after having lost or left their employment as a result of experiencing poor person-organization fit. For this study, pastoral staff turnover was defined as the employment of full-time pastoral staff employed for at least one year who have resulted in voluntary or involuntary resignation from their place of employment because of value incongruence. In this phenomenology, the church is viewed as an educational institution, including similarities between pastoral roles and educator and administrator roles. As …

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Exploring Niche Alteration In Nonprofit Organizations, Duncan J. Mayer, Robert L. Fischer Apr 2023

Exploring Niche Alteration In Nonprofit Organizations, Duncan J. Mayer, Robert L. Fischer

Faculty Scholarship

The organizational niche is a concept integral to organizational ecology, reflecting an organization’s mission, expertise, capacity, and resource requirements. The choice of niche is crucial to the viability of the organization; however, the reasons organizations alter their niche are poorly understood. We hypothesize that nonprofit organizations alter their niche to reduce environmental pressure and gain access to resources. The results indicate that niche alteration predicts increases in total revenue with average increases in revenue from program services and contributions (depending on the measure). Additionally, nonprofits that are younger, larger, and have more concentrated revenue, are more likely to alter their …

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The Southern Baptist Convention’S Perception Of Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion Compared To African American Pastors’ And Leaders’ Lived Experiences, Jeffrey J. Wallace Apr 2023

The Southern Baptist Convention’S Perception Of Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion Compared To African American Pastors’ And Leaders’ Lived Experiences, Jeffrey J. Wallace

PhD in Organizational Leadership

The study of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) is complex and multilayered. Similarly, the study of DEI within an ecclesiastical and ecumenical Christian movement like the Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) has its challenges. Challenges and tensions surrounding the SBC, relating to women's leadership issues, the infiltration of partisanship and politics in the pulpits, racial injustice flashpoint moments, and the lack of ethnic diversity in a crucial leadership position have impacted the overall lived experience of African American pastors and leaders. This phenomenological study explored the Southern Baptist Convention's perception of diversity, equity, and inclusion compared to African American pastors’ and …

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Tearing Down And Building Up In The Contemporary Workplace: How Reflective Writing Inspires Workplace Learning And Well-Being, Gina R. Pell Apr 2023

Tearing Down And Building Up In The Contemporary Workplace: How Reflective Writing Inspires Workplace Learning And Well-Being, Gina R. Pell

PhD in Organizational Leadership

Continuous learning is critical for workers and organizations, but traditional learning strategies may be less effective as constantly changing business demands and individual needs among diverse and geographically dispersed workers may create barriers to performance and sustainability. Although alternative learning approaches such as experiential and double-loop learning may introduce risks by uncovering new challenges, they may also benefit workers and organizations when designed to bolster empathy and encourage a better understanding of pressures and stress. Reflective writing is an adaptable alternative learning approach that can be paired with existing workplace learning strategies or tailored to specific needs and learning outcomes. …

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Elevating Followers: Confirmatory Factor Analysis On The Revised Kelley Followership Questionnaire, Sherrie A. Lynn Apr 2023

Elevating Followers: Confirmatory Factor Analysis On The Revised Kelley Followership Questionnaire, Sherrie A. Lynn

PhD in Organizational Leadership

Every person is a follower, and followers and leaders are both equally important to the leadership process, yet followership literature pales in comparison to leadership literature. One problem was that followership did not have a valid and reliable selfassessment. The purpose of this study was to advance the theory of followership by conducting confirmatory factor analysis on the revised Kelley Followership Questionnaire (KFQ-R; Ligon, 2016) with data collected from employees at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital. The KFQ-R and three additional instruments to assess convergent validity were administered in December 2022. Data analysis included seven iterations of factor analysis conducted …

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A Quantitative Study Of Authentic Leadership, Authentic Followership, And Organizational Commitment Within Christian Higher Education, Daniel E. Mcdonald Apr 2023

A Quantitative Study Of Authentic Leadership, Authentic Followership, And Organizational Commitment Within Christian Higher Education, Daniel E. Mcdonald

PhD in Organizational Leadership

Organizational commitment is an important component within Christian higher education, impacted by the words and actions of authentic leaders and followers. In a time when more people left their jobs or looked for new employment than ever before, it was necessary to identify contributing factors that built and detracted from organizational commitment within this context. In this study, the researcher explored the relationships between organizational commitment and authentic leadership and authentic followership from the perspective of followers within five institutions in the Council of Christian Colleges and Universities (CCCU). The findings provided important context for current levels of connection between …

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When The Victim Is Male: An Organizational Approach To Combat Gender Bias Within The Criminal Justice System, Shelby Hobbs Apr 2023

When The Victim Is Male: An Organizational Approach To Combat Gender Bias Within The Criminal Justice System, Shelby Hobbs

Senior Capstone Papers

The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey estimates that over 226.1 million people have been victims of domestic violence (DV) throughout their lifetimes. This violence can present itself in physical abuse or emotional turmoil, all with the ultimate goal of a perpetrator maintaining power over their victim(s). Rates of victimization across men and women are similar—44.2% and 47.3% respectively; however, this is not reflected in the current research and service provisions for victims. For example, male-identifying victims within the criminal justice system have reported their innocence must be proved before their claims of abuse are taken seriously, and that …

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Racial Bias And Death Penalty Cases: A Soar Analysis Of Post-Conviction, Ashley Mcilvaine Apr 2023

Racial Bias And Death Penalty Cases: A Soar Analysis Of Post-Conviction, Ashley Mcilvaine

Senior Capstone Papers

Racial discrimination is a far-reaching issue that adversely impacts individuals, groups, and communities across multiple domains. It is defined by the Equality and Human Rights Commission as being treated differently because of one’s race. For decades, discriminatory policies have been codified into institutional processes which disadvantage people of color. This is particularly evident in the criminal justice system. Examples of practices that disproportionately impact intentionally marginalized populations include issues of excess force and police brutality, sentencing disparities for minor offenses or drug charges, and state sanctioned capital punishment. While these forms of discrimination are often labeled as explicit and overt …

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Effects Of Adverse Childhood Experiences In Relation To Domestic Violence Services, Mary Hill Apr 2023

Effects Of Adverse Childhood Experiences In Relation To Domestic Violence Services, Mary Hill

Senior Capstone Papers

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), described as traumatic experiences happening within childhood in a study conducted by Kaiser Permanente and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, are delved into in relation to the effects of trauma on well-being and individual health. A literature review is conducted around ACEs within an environment where domestic violence or interpersonal violence is present exploring the dynamics between the two, societal and generational influences, and present preventative approaches utilizing knowledge around both domestic violence and ACEs. Based on information found through a review of literature, an intervention is proposed in the form of an Awareness …

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Public Service Motivation, Years Of Public Service, And Distributed Leadership In Government: A Moderation Analysis, James Punchard Apr 2023

Public Service Motivation, Years Of Public Service, And Distributed Leadership In Government: A Moderation Analysis, James Punchard

PhD in Organizational Leadership

This dissertation was an exploration of the effect that public service motivation (PSM) has on leaders’ distributive leadership style (DLS). Years of service as a leader in government for more than 5 years managing five or more employees was considered as a moderating variable, with the expectation that as years of service increased, the moderating affect it has on the relationship between PSM and DLS would also increase. This was a cross-sectional, quantitative research project employing a moderation model to address the extent to which years of public service moderate the potential statistical relationship between the distributed leadership style and …

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A Par Reflection: The Power Of Teacher Voice, Anna Marie Warren Apr 2023

A Par Reflection: The Power Of Teacher Voice, Anna Marie Warren

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Teacher voice is missing in systemic change. This PAR study explored some of the barriers in education today that prevent teachers from using their voices and the leadership skills needed to empower teachers to use their voices in change processes. The study was implemented on two secondary school campuses with two teams of PAR researchers. Data were collected using a triangulation of PAR forms, journal reflections, and Likert surveys. While identifying barriers hindering teachers from using their voice, the qualitative study also aimed to provide a platform where teachers could express and use their voice to cause change in their …

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Systems Thinking As A Method For Leveraging Smart Classrooms, Jazmyne V. Del Hierro Apr 2023

Systems Thinking As A Method For Leveraging Smart Classrooms, Jazmyne V. Del Hierro

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Digital technologies have revolutionized enterprises across our personal lives, and most major industries. The digital transformation can be considered a strategic response to digital trends (Vial, 2019), encompassing substantial changes in society and industry caused by technology development (Taj, et al., 2010). It is a complex journey that needs to be guided by clear strategy. Digital transformation is more about people, than it is about technology (Frankiewiczz, B., 2020). It requires organizational changes that are backed by leadership and driven by challenges to culture (Abbu, H., 2022). Digital transformation requires leaders to build trust (Mugge, Abbu, and Gudergan 2021; Gudergan …

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Leadership And Job Performance Of Library Personnel In University Of Abuja, Nigeria, Oluwatola Kolawole, Solomon Oluwatise Abomoge, Odion Evans Kakulu Apr 2023

Leadership And Job Performance Of Library Personnel In University Of Abuja, Nigeria, Oluwatola Kolawole, Solomon Oluwatise Abomoge, Odion Evans Kakulu

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This paper examined the level of leadership and job performance of library personnel in University of Abuja, Nigeria. Survey research methodology was used with a total sample size of 202 library personnel in University of Abuja library using simple random sampling techniques. Data was collected mainly through questionnaire and analyzed using frequency distribution and descriptive statistics. The result revealed that the leadership of the University of Abuja library consulted his staff in taking decision at the same time a team player, friendly and provided mentorship to his subordinate. It was also revealed that respondents were of the opinion that leadership …

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Trends In Application Of Web 2.0 Tools And Social Networking Sites In Libraries Of Higher Education Institutes, Lalitha Poluru, Prabha Vaghora, Pradeep P, Surya Naveen Kantubhuktha Mar 2023

Trends In Application Of Web 2.0 Tools And Social Networking Sites In Libraries Of Higher Education Institutes, Lalitha Poluru, Prabha Vaghora, Pradeep P, Surya Naveen Kantubhuktha

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

An attempt was made to explore the usage of Web 2.0 applications and Social Networking Sites (SNS) for providing information services by libraries at selected higher education institutes in Europe, North and South America. The websites were surveyed through content analysis method that is used for a qualitative approach, as to find the details of the applications of Web 2.0 tools and SNS. Out of 72 library websites visited, only 61 libraries (48 libraries in Europe and 13 libraries in both North and South America) have adopted Web 2.0 tools and SNS. The present study reveals that though the implementation …

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تأثير التمكين الاداري في الاستدامة التنظيمية: دراسة تحليلية لآراء عينة من الموظفين في جامعة تلعفر, شعيب احمد عزيز Mar 2023

تأثير التمكين الاداري في الاستدامة التنظيمية: دراسة تحليلية لآراء عينة من الموظفين في جامعة تلعفر, شعيب احمد عزيز

Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economics Sciences

يهدف البحث الى معرفة تأثيرالتمكين الاداري(التدريب، تفويض السلطة، الحوافز، الاتصال، فرق العمل) في الاستدامة التنظيمية(المسؤولية الاجتماعية، إضفاء الشرعية، الميزة التنافسية) لدى عينة من العاملين في جامعة تلعفر، إذ تم توزيع(43) استمارة استبانة وتم تحليل البيانات باستخدام برامج الاحصائية التالية ((Smartpls و (Spss)و(Excel)، واختبار فرضيات البحث، وتوصل البحث الى وجود علاقة تأثير معنوية بين أبعاد التمكين الاداري والاستدامة التنظيمية، ومن أهم الاستنتاجات التي توصل اليها البحث ان حصول الموظفين في جامعة تلعفر على التمكين الاداري سيؤدي الى رفع النتاج العملي لهم في المؤسسة وتقلل من مستوى الاحساس والشعور السلبي الموجود لدى عينة الدراسة، وبالتالي تتحسن مستوى التنمية في الجامعة. وقدم البحث …

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Subsidiarity: A Central Principle For Justice, Peace, And Sustainability In Mining, Caesar A. Montevecchio Mar 2023

Subsidiarity: A Central Principle For Justice, Peace, And Sustainability In Mining, Caesar A. Montevecchio

The Journal of Social Encounters

The Catholic social teaching principle of subsidiarity states that problems should be dealt with at the lowest level possible, but the highest level necessary. It attempts to create structures of social power that can best protect the dignity of individuals and families and promote their human flourishing. In the case of mining, subsidiarity would say that the communities impacted by mining need to be centered and empowered to the greatest extent possible, but that the national, regional, and/or global nature of the issues at stake, like climate change, violent conflict, or economic justice, mean that community goals and decisions need …

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