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The Cowl - V.79 - N.16 - Feb 5, 2015

The Cowl

The Cowl - student newspaper of Providence College. Vol 79 - No. 16 - February 5, 2015. 20 pages.

Himmelfarb Headlines - February/March 2015, George Washington University, Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library

Himmelfarb Headlines (2009 - present)

News and information about Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library of interest to users. Includes articles on the Himmelfarb five year strategic plan, The Himmelfarb Art Show, and profiles on Gisela Butera and Matthew Mintz.

Price Subsidies, Diagnostic Tests, And Targeting Of Malaria Treatment: Evidence From A Randomized Controlled Trial, Jessica Cohen, Pascaline Dupas, Simone Schaner

Dartmouth Scholarship

Both under- and over-treatment of communicable diseases are public bads. But efforts to decrease one run the risk of increasing the other. Using rich experimental data on household treatment- seeking behavior in Kenya, we study the implications of this trade-off for subsidizing life-saving antimalarials sold over-the-counter at retail drug outlets. We show that a very high subsidy (such as the one under consideration by the international community) dramatically increases access, but nearly one-half of subsidized pills go to patients without malaria. We study two ways to better target subsidized drugs: reducing the subsidy level, and introducing rapid malaria tests over-the-counter. …

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Against the Grain

No abstract provided.

Consuming Poverty: The Unexpected Politics Of Food Aid In An Era Of Austerity, Maggie Dickinson

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This dissertation tracks the remarkable growth of food assistance in the U.S. over the past fifteen years and asks what this expansion of food aid means for poor people living in New York City. Much of the scholarly literature on welfare policy in the U.S argues that social programs have become more stingy and punitive, particularly since the passage of welfare reform in 1996. On the surface, this does not seem to be the case for the food stamp program or for emergency food providers like soup kitchens and food pantries. Since 2001 food stamp rolls have risen 120% in …

Target Zero: Why States Choose To Eradicate Infectious Diseases And How They Succeed, Gifty Abraham

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Realism has remained the dominant paradigm within international relations for most of the modern era, emphasizing the competitive nature of the international arena and the unlikeliness of states to within it to cooperate. The attempts and further still, successes, by states to eradicate infectious diseases--which remain among the most cooperative enterprises--present a number of challenges to realism's assumptions, particularly with respect to the unlikely world historical-times during which the eradication campaigns took place. As such, a two-part puzzle arises. First, why would states, which are natural competitors, cooperate to eradicate infectious diseases given structural and situational incentives not to do …

The Changing World In Microcosm: The Dying Languages Of Liberia, Sierra Leone, And Guinea, George Tucker Childs

Applied Linguistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Observers have become increasingly aware of how the world is changing due to the forces of globalization, be it in the form of neo-colonialism, the scramble for natural resources, or the various extractive industries. The recent alarm over Ebola illustrated another pernicious fallout of increased communication and travel. The effect of globalization has also been great on indigenous peoples and their cultures, in particular on what many consider to be an integral component of culture, the local languages.

I report on recent research devoted to the documentation of endangered languages in Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Liberia (the Ebola countries). Most …

Validating Estimates Of Prevalence Of Non-Communicable Diseases Based On Household Surveys: The Symptomatic Diagnosis Study, Spencer L. James, Minerva Romero, Dolores Ramírez-Villalobos, Sara Gómez

Dartmouth Scholarship

Easy-to-collect epidemiological information is critical for the more accurate estimation of the prevalence and burden of different non-communicable diseases around the world. Current measurement is restricted by limitations in existing measurement systems in the developing world and the lack of biometry tests for non-communicable diseases. Diagnosis based on self-reported signs and symptoms (“Symptomatic Diagnosis,” or SD) analyzed with computer-based algorithms may be a promising method for collecting timely and reliable information on non-communicable disease prevalence. The objective of this study was to develop and assess the performance of a symptom-based questionnaire to estimate prevalence of non-communicable diseases in low-resource areas.

A Comparison Of Sexual Health And Sexual Pressure Among Young African American And Caucasian Women, Ann Gakumo

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Introduction. Condom self-efficacy, positive attitudes toward condom use, condom negotiation skills, HIV knowledge, and self-esteem have been associated with decreased HIV risk behavior among young women, but few studies have examined racial disparities that may exist in these social health indicators. Moreover, sexual pressure (inclusive of both coercive and non-coercive pressures to engage in unwanted or unprotected sex) has been understudied in women of different racial groups.

Study Purpose. The purpose of this study was to compare racial similarities and disparities in indicators of sexual health and sexual pressure in an urban sample of young African American and Caucasian women …

Do Masculinity And Perceived Condom Barriers Predict Heterosexual Hiv Risk Behaviors Among Black Substance Abusing Men?, A, Kathleen Burlew, Jerika Wilson, Latrice Montgomery, Bridgette Peteet, Candace Johnson, Mary Hatch-Maillette

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Although HIV prevention during substance abuse treatment is ideal, existing HIV risk-reduction interventions are less effective among Black and other ethnic minority substance abusers. The Sexual Health Model (SHM) and the Person, Extended Family and Neighborhood-3 model (PEN-3) both highlight the importance of increasing our understanding of the relationship of sociocultural factors to sexual-decision making as a step towards developing more HIV prevention interventions for ethnic minorities. However, few studies examine sociocultural factors in the sexual decision-making process of Black substance abusing men. This secondary analysis of data collected in an evaluation of Real Men Are Safe (REMAS), a HIV …

Ethics In The Field: Contemporary Challenges, Lisa C. Depaoli

Journal of Ecological Anthropology

No abstract provided.

Substance Use, Mental Disorders And Physical Health Of Caribbeans At-Home Compared To Those Residing In The United States, Krim K. Lacey, Karen Powell Sears, Ishtar O. Govia, Ivy Forsythe-Brown, Niki Matusko, James S. Jackson

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Evaluating Obesity Prevention Efforts: What Have We Learned? Highlights From A Conversation Of Funders And Evaluators, Sumner M. Redstone Global Center For Prevention And Wellness

Sumner M. Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness

Table of contents:

Executive Summary

Introduction

State of the Obesity Epidemic

The Community Context for Interventions and Evaluations

Investments to Date: Where Is the Strongest Agreement About What Works?

Early Care and Education Environments

Schools/Learning Environments

Parks, Trails, Open Spaces, and Recreation

Land Use and Transportation

The Next Tier: Mixed or Promising Results for Healthy Food Retail Interventions

Implementing Interventions: The Crucial Role of "How"

Other Topics

Summary and Next Steps

Appendix A: Citations and Resources for Key Elements/Components

Clinic Connectoin: Winter 2015, Centracare Clinic

Clinic Connection

• President’s Message: "Engaging our communities in times of scarce resources"

Archeological And Bioarcheological Investigations At Campbell's Bayou Cemetery, Galveston County, Texas, Catrina Whitley, Steven M. Hunt, Bill Hersch, Sharlene Allday, Duane E. Peter, Michelle Wurtz Penton, Karissa Basse

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report documents the removal of individuals buried within Campbell’s Bayou Cemetery (41GV171) to avoid potential impact to the remains during implementation of remediation activities at the Malone Service Company Superfund Site (Site) in Texas City, TX. An oil recovery and waste processing facility had operated at the Site for more than 30 years, ending in the mid1990s. The facility had stored, processed, and disposed of industrial solid wastes and hazardous wastes. In July 2012, a group of companies known as the Malone Cooperating Parties (MCP) entered into a Consent Decree with the U.S. Government, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, …

Archeological And Bioarcheological Investigations At Campbell’S Bayou Cemetery Galveston County, Texas, Catrina Whitley, Steven M. Hunt, Bill Hersch, Sharlene Allday, Duane E. Peter, Michelle Wurtz Penton, Karissa Basse

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report documents the removal of individuals buried within Campbell’s Bayou Cemetery (41GV171) to avoid potential impact to the remains during implementation of remediation activities at the Malone Service Company Superfund Site (Site) in Texas City, TX. An oil recovery and waste processing facility had operated at the Site for more than 30 years, ending in the mid1990s. The facility had stored, processed, and disposed of industrial solid wastes and hazardous wastes. In July 2012, a group of companies known as the Malone Cooperating Parties (MCP) entered into a Consent Decree with the U.S. Government, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, …

Media Narratives And Drug Prohibition: A Content Analysis Of Themes And Strategies Promoted In Network News Coverage, 2000-2013, Maria M. Orsini

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Illicit drugs and drug users have been criminalized and stigmatized in social life and in mass media for more than a century in the United States. Researchers have reasoned that media accounts have contributed to the social construction of drug use as deviant behavior. Depictions of drugs and drug users which utilize alarmist rhetoric have been prevalent in media discourse and have targeted allegedly disreputable populations. The ideology which underpins drug prohibition, punitive public attitudes, and media sensationalism has contributed to the tendency of American society to disallow alternative approaches. This study examines the contribution of televised news broadcasts in …

Evaluation Of Social Media Utilization By Latino Adolescents: Implications For Mobile Health Interventions, Megan Landry, Amita Vyas, Monique Turner, Sara Nelson Glick, Susan Wood

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

Background: Trends in social media use, including sending/receiving short message service (SMS) and social networking, are constantly changing, yet little is known about adolescent’s utilization and behaviors. This longitudinal study examines social media utilization among Latino youths, and differences by sex and acculturation.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine Latino adolescents’ social media utilization and behavior over a 16-month period, and to assess whether changes in use differed by sex and acculturation.

Methods: This study included 555 Latino youths aged 13-19 who completed baseline and 16-month follow-up surveys. Prevalence of social media utilization and frequency, by sex …

Mapping Of Networks To Detect Priority Zoonoses In Jordan, Erin M. Sorrell, Mohammad El Azhari, Nezar Maswdeh, Sarah Kornblet, Claire J. Standley, Rebecca L. Katz, Ibrahim Ablan, Julie E. Fischer

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

Early detection of emerging disease events is a priority focus area for cooperative bioengagement programs. Communication and coordination among national disease surveillance and response networks are essential for timely detection and control of a public health event. Although systematic information sharing between the human and animal health sectors can help stakeholders detect and respond to zoonotic diseases rapidly, resource constraints and other barriers often prevent efficient cross-sector reporting. The purpose of this research project was to map the laboratory and surveillance networks currently in place for detecting and reporting priority zoonotic diseases in Jordan in order to identify the nodes …

2015 Annual Campus Security And Fire Safety Report, University Of Nebraska-Lincoln, University Police, University Of Nebraska-Lincoln

University of Nebraska-Lincoln, University Police

2015 Annual Campus Security and Fire Safety Report, University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Safety and security information for the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, including crime and fire statistics for the 2014 calendar year, and the information required by the Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act of 1989. All data are submitted to the United States Department of Education according to law.

Unveiling Perceptions Of Food Safety Scandals In China: An Exploratory Study With Search Engine, Xiang Chen, Bo Zhao, Emily Blackard

Faculty Publications - Emergency Management & Homeland Security

Introduction Food security, known as access to sufficient and nutritious food for all household members at all times (Reutlinger, 1986), has been heavily investigated by entities from across the public and academic spectrums in recent years. In developed nations, food security primarily explores how food can be physically accessed and readily purchased and if levels of food access relate to socioeconomic status, rate of obesity, or the contingent health consequences (Black et al., 2014). In developing countries like China, the topic of food security has been investigated with increasing frequency and depth in the particular arena of food safety (Cheng, …

Apopo Annual Report 2015, Apopo

Global CWD Repository

I first met the amazing HeroRATs in 2008 when I was an APOPO deminer detecting landmines in Mozambique. I had been invited to APOPO’s HQ and Training & Research Center in Tanzania and was about to embark on my new career as a Mine Detection Rat Handler. Although I had worked with trained dogs before I was still amazed at the rat’s abilities; their speed and accuracy. The Tanzania team taught me about scent detection theory and technology, as well as animal welfare and veterinary skills. In return I told them about the suffering in my country. At that time, …

An Introduction To The Loop Analysis Of Qualitatively Specified Complex Causal Systems, Alexis Dinno

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

This presentation introduces the loop analysis method.

Annual Report 2015, University Libraries

Annual Reports & Newsletters

FY 2015 Annual Report University Libraries, University of South Dakota.

Connections is published once a year for the benefit of alumni, students, faculty and friends of the University of South Dakota University Libraries. Contributions and feedback are welcome.

Guardian Engagement, Morgan Ames, Sandy Fulkerson Schaeffer, Lindsey Hammergren, Alex Hahn, Nico Francone, Priyanka Joshi, Miranda Kuwahara, Nathalie Thom

ISCOPES Posters and Presentations

No abstract provided.

Nova Southeastern University 2015 Annual Report, Nova Southeastern University

NSU Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

Critical Period Conditioning By Orgasm During Heterosexual Oral Sex, Kristy N. Woods

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Data were obtained retrospectively and anonymously using a computerized survey instrument from 450 female and 489 male participants who had experienced orgasm during oral sex before age 18, as well as 352 female and 151 male participants who had not experienced an orgasm while receiving oral sex before age 18. Female participants who experienced an orgasm during oral sex prior to age 18 were significantly more likely to experience an orgasm during oral sex after age 18. For male participants, although the difference was in the hypothesized direction, it did not reach significance. Female participants who experienced an orgasm during …

Right To Play And Right To Health: The Role Of Sub-Saharan Sport For Development Programs In The Hiv/Aids Pandemic, Rebecca B. Dunn

VA Engage Journal

Using the foundation of a child’s right of health and right to play, programs in sub-Saharan Africa are making unique and powerful contributions to combatting and educating youth regarding HIV/AIDS. Through critical analysis of the programs’ successes and failures, I draw conclusions on the reach of sport programs in mitigating the disease and thus combatting global poverty and draw inferences regarding the direction sport for health development programs should be taking to lessen HIV/AIDS infection rates. Subsequently, I identify two areas for growth for sport for development programs: greater outreach to young women and working in partnerships with other key …

Do Clinical Decision-Support Reminders For Medical Providers Improve Isoniazid Prescription Rates Among Hiv-Positive Adults?, Eric P. Green, Caricia Catalani, Aggrey Keny, Lameck Diero, Charity Ndwiga, Dennis Israelski, Paul Biondich

HIV and AIDS

People living with HIV (PLHIV) are at increased risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB) and dying from TB. Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) can prevent this, but only a small fraction of HIV-positive individuals are on IPT. Previous research suggests that clinical decision support systems (CDSS)—electronic systems that use existing patient data and established algorithms to generate alerts, reminders, or recommendations intended to aid clinical decision-making—have the potential to improve provider adherence to diagnostic and treatment guidelines. Researchers conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial of a new CDSS intervention for TB screening, prevention, and treatment in a high HIV and TB …

Arv-Based Hiv Prevention For Women: State Of The Science And Considerations For Implementation In Zimbabwe. Report From A Provider Workshop, Population Council

HIV and AIDS

This report provides an overview of the presentations and discussions emerging from a Provider Workshop on ARV-Based HIV Prevention for Women: State of the Science and Considerations for Implementation in Zimbabwe convened by the Ministry of Health and Child Care and the Population Council in Harare in May 2014. The workshop in Zimbabwe is part of a broader global process to begin paving the path for microbicides introduction while awaiting the results of the ongoing confirmatory trial (FACTS 001) of tenofovir gel in South Africa. USAID is spearheading a global effort toward a “Shared Vision and Strategic Plan for Microbicide …