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Medication-Assisted Treatment For Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review Of The Evidence And Implications For Social Work Practice, Amber M. Holbrook, Viba H. Nguyen

Social Work (Graduate) Faculty Publications

Evidence-based practice with pregnant clients who are opioiddependent can be especially challenging because pregnant women are rarely included in clinical trials. The paper synthesizes systematic reviews on the outcomes of medication-assisted treatment for opioid dependent pregnant women and compares the effectiveness of methadone and buprenorphine. We explore evidence on maternal and neonatal outcomes, the safety of breastfeeding, and discuss the implications for social work practice. Searches were conducted in 6 databases. Ten reviews met the inclusion criteria. Results suggest medication-assisted treatment with either methadone or buprenorphine are equally effective in reducing maternal substance use, although methadone may offer slightly higher …

The Sociological Eye 2015, Loyola Marymount University, Sociology Department

The Sociological Eye Student Journal

Faculty Advisor: Dr. Nadia Kim & Dr. Rebecca Sager

Co-Editors: Elizabeth Ashton Harris & Monica Zamora

Whom Do You Trust? Doubt And Conspiracy Theories In The 2009 Influenza Pandemic, Shawn Smallman

International & Global Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations

The 2009 pandemic of H1N1 influenza led people around the globe to create narratives about the epidemic defined by the question of trust; these narratives ranged from true conspiracy theories to simply accounts in which mistrust and betrayal formed a motif. In particular, most of these narratives reflected a fear of capitalism and globalization, although in specific regions, other issues—such as religion—played a more central role. These stories were not unique to the H1N1 pandemic but rather have appeared with every contemporary outbreak of infectious disease. This paper will examine conspiracy theories and moral panics related to the H1N1 pandemic …

Waste Management And Environmental Initiatives In Accra, Ghana, Aoife Genevieve Duna

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Title: Waste Management and Environmental Initiatives in Accra, Ghana

Author: Aoife Genevieve Duna ([email protected]; Middlebury College, Anthropology and Dance major)

Objective: The objective of this project was fourfold: • To study the current waste management practices by government and private waste companies • To observe the perspectives of residents on waste disposal • To explore environmental initiatives by citizens, NGOs, and student groups • To investigate the potential projects that could reduce waste

Methodology: For my project, I conducted interviews, made observations, participated in daily personal waste management, visited a landfill, and visited a composting project.

Findings: Waste collection is …

Fighting For The Right To Breathe: Exploring Perspectives Of Environmenal Threats In The South Durban Basin, Kayleigh Bhangdia

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The goal of this project is to understand the way in which community members in South Durban perceive the environmental threats that they face. I have contextualized the current environmental injustices present in the wake of the Apartheid legacy. I worked closely with the South Durban Environmental Conservation Alliance in preparing my questions and conducting my interviews. I conducted 24 interviews in three different communities in the South Durban Basin including Wentworth, Merebank, and Clairwood. Following the interviews in Merebank and Clairwood, I engaged the participants in a short participatory mapping exercise in which they highlighted where the pollution was …

Investigating Barriers To Early Cancer Detection For Rural Indian Women: A Qualitative Analysis Of Cancer Outreach In Dehradun, Uttarakhand, Blair Burnett

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

This study examines barriers to early detection for women’s specific cancers in rural India in and around Dehradun, Uttarakhand, within the framework of existing health outreach programs from tertiary hospitals in the state. The burden of cancer mortality within India is disproportionately affecting women living in rural populations considering the current health education and health care infrastructure in place. Barriers of knowledge, access to knowledge, economic condition, geography, and cultural norms are all examined within this study in the context of early cancer detection. National Indian health policy is currently framed to address the burden of cancer within India; however, …

Confronting Cultural Challenges For Migrant Healthcare In Switzerland, Rebecca Weiss

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Switzerland is home to many migrants, and migration exacerbates health risks. In addition to physical health problems, migrants are more likely than Swiss nationals to face mental health challenges and cultural barriers, which complicate their experiences seeking healthcare. Similarly, clinicians encounter numerous challenges related to the special circumstances of migrant patients. As a response to the specific health needs of migrants, hospital networks and migrant support organizations promote the migrant health situation. However, these services are not ubiquitous in Switzerland, partly due to the partial freedoms of each canton to create its own health policy. This paper explores the barriers …

Fighting The Obesity Epidemic: Challenges And Ethics, Grace Brown

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

In recent decades, a double burden of disease has emerged that requires public health workers to fight both hunger and obesity. The obesity epidemic is unlike other epidemics in that it is largely man-made and dependent on social factors and industry influences, making it difficult to fight. The high global prevalence of obesity is partially a result of globalization, which has encouraged development and the liberalizing of economies all around the world, which in turn has increased the marketing and consumption of obesogenic products. Policy solutions have been proposed and implemented in some countries, but an international solution has yet …

Babies First: Ensuring Proper Infant Nutrition During Emergencies, Abigail M. Alonso

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Background: Breastfeeding is the best source of nutrition for an infant, living in all regions and cultures. Recommendations apply across the board, from developed nations to refugee camps, from women with HIV to those with time constraints regarding feeding. There also exists a complex relationship between corporations that provide BMS and the NGOs working to promote breastfeeding in emergency situations amongst vulnerable populations.

Objective: The objective of this paper is to expose breastfeeding promotion, using the Dadaab camps in Northeastern Kenya as a case study of IYCF programs and support of breastfeeding among low-literacy populations with an emphasis on women …

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Against the Grain

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Factors Driving Local Health Department’S Collaboration With Other Organizations In The Provision Of Personal Healthcare Services, Huabin Luo, Nancy L. Winterbauer, Ashley Tucker, Gulzar H. Shah

Health Policy & Management: Faculty Presentations (2008-2022)

Background: Recent work has highlighted the necessity of integrating primary care services and public health to improve quality and reduce the cost of healthcare.

Research Objectives: To describe levels of partnership between local health departments (LHD) and other organizations in the community in the provision of personal healthcare services; and to assess LHD organizational characteristics and community factors that contribute to partnerships.

Data Sets and Sources: Data were drawn from the 2013 NACCHO Profile Study (Module 1) and the Area Health Resource File. A total of 490 LHDs responded to Module 1, where LHDs were asked to describe the level …

50 Whys To Look For Genes: Pros And Complications, Peter J. Taylor

Working Papers on Science in a Changing World

“Treating the audience as capable of thinking about the complexities that surround the application of genetic knowledge” was the tagline of a series of daily blog posts made over seven weeks in the fall of 2014, posts that included extended quotes from the recently published Nature-Nurture? No (Taylor 2014). This working paper is a compilation of those posts.

Multi-Isotope Analysis To Reconstruct Dietary And Migration Patterns Of An Avar Population From Sajópetri, Hungary, Ad 568-895, Liotta Desiree Noche-Dowdy

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The Avar were nomadic people from Central Asia who migrated into the Carpathian Basin in Central-Eastern Europe during the mid to late Migration Period (AD 568 - 895). Archaeological evaluation of grave goods and documentation of mortuary practices have been the primary means of understanding the Avar. However, this approach has largely neglected skeletal and biochemical analysis, in particular as these approaches relate to the biological variation, ancestry, and dietary patterns of the Avar.

There remains debate as to whether disparities existed among the socially stratified Avar population of ancient Hungary. It is argued by some that these disparities existed …

Awareness And Use Of E-Journals By The Scientists Of Csir-Institute Of Genomics And Integrative Biology (Igib), Delhi, And Indian Institute Of Chemical Biology (Iicb), Kolkata, India: A Comparative Study, Jamal Qasim, Abdul Mannan Khan

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The purpose of this paper is to compare the level of awareness and use of e-journals by the scientists of Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi and Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), Kolkata, India- both centre of excellence in their field of research and premier Institutes of 39 laboratories of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - India's largest research and development organization. The paper is based on the results of a well structured questionnaire administered to all the scientists of the two under study institutes for the purpose of data collection supplemented by interview and …

Together, Apart. A Review Of On (Writing) Families: Autoethnographies Of Presence And Absence, Love And Loss, Edited By Jonathan Wyatt And Tony E. Adams, Jessica Smartt Gullion

The Qualitative Report

In this essay, I offer a review of the book, On (Writing) Families: Autoethnographies of Presence and Absence, Love and Loss, edited by Jonathan Wyatt and Tony E. Adams. An important contribution to the field of authethnography, this book will appeal not only to scholars of family and of qualitative inquiry, but also to people struggling to find meaning in the crazy complexities of family relationships.

Probabilistic Records Linkage Using Historical Canadian Censuses And Vital Statistics, Stacey A. Hallman

Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Conferences

Poster Presentation

This poster presents the results of a records linkage project to analyze potential mortality risks for young adults in Ontario during the 1918 influenza epidemic. With a team of research assistants at Western University, McMaster University, and the Université de Montréal, death records were linked to birth records in order to determine exact date of birth for the calculation of exact age at death. This date of birth is then compared to age as listed on other historical documents, such as the 1901 and 1911 Canadian censuses. The family environment (or living situation) was transcribed for each individual …

Melding Data Collection Methodology With Community Assistance: Benefits To Both Researchers And The Indigenous Groups They Study, Douglas S. London

Journal of Ecological Anthropology

I present a description of a model of melding data collection with community aid in the form of health educator training that emerged in the process of research collaboration during 2009-2011 with the Kawymeno Waorani foragers of Amazonian Ecuador. Some guidelines are suggested as to how benefits to both parties might be achieved when collecting data with indigenous populations. In this article I describe some of the advantages and pitfalls of melding data collection and community aid with research when collaborating with vulnerable indigenous groups.

Household Demography And Early Childhood Mortality In A Rice-Farming Village In Northern Laos, Shinsuke Tomita, Daniel M. Parker, Julia Jennings, James Wood

Anthropology Faculty Scholarship

This paper extends Alexandr Chayanov’s model of changing household demography (specifically the ratio of food consumers to food producers) and its influence on agricultural behavior so that it includes possible adverse effects of a rising ratio on nutritional status and early childhood mortality within the household. We apply the model to 35 years’ worth of longitudinal demographic and economic data collected in the irrigated-rice growing village of Na Savang in northern Laos. When appropriate controls are included for other household variables, unobserved inter-household heterogeneity, and changes in local conditions and national policy over the study period, the analysis suggests that …

Hemochromatosis: Niche Construction And The Genetic Domino Effect In The European Neolithic, John M. Mccullough, Kathleen M. Heath, Alexis M. Smith

Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints

Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is caused by a potentially lethal recessive gene (HFE, C282Y allele) that increases iron absorption and reaches polymorphic levels in Northern European populations. Because persons carrying the allele absorb iron more readily than non-carriers, it has often been suggested HFE is an adaptation to anemia. We hypothesize positive selection for HFE began during or after the European Neolithic with the adoption of an iron-deficient high grain and dairying diet and consequent anemia, a finding confirmed in Neolithic and later European skeletons. HFE frequency compared with rate of lactase persistence in Eurasia yields a positive linear …

Microdemographic Determinants Of Population Recovery Among The Northern Ache, Jack D. Baker Jr, Kim Hill, A. Magdalena Hurtado, Adelamar Alcantara, Eddie Hunsinger, Webb Sprague

Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints

A pattern of population crash and rapid recovery is a common feature of the pacification and settlement experience of the Indigenous Peoples of tropical South America. In spite of the obvious importance of these events to the demographic and anthropological sciences as a whole, as well as their significant practical implications, little is known about the microdemographic determinants of these paired phenomena. Utilizing methods of asymptotic and stochastic demographic analysis, we reconstruct the microdemographic drivers of this history among one Indigenous population: the Northern Ache of Eastern Paraguay. We then explore the implications of these relationships for understanding the overall …

Climate Variability And Human Migration In The Netherlands, 1865-1937, Julia Jennings, Clark L. Gray

Anthropology Faculty Scholarship

Human migration is frequently cited as a potential social outcome of climate change and variability, and these effects are often assumed to be stronger in the past when economies were less developed and markets more localized. Yet, few studies have used historical data to test the relationship between climate and migration directly. In addition, the results of recent studies that link demographic and climate data are not consistent with conventional narratives of displacement responses. Using longitudinal individual-level demographic data from the Historical Sample of the Netherlands (HSN) and climate data that cover the same period, we examine the effects of …

Knowledge And Attitudes Of College Students Concerning Hiv/Aids, Anita Ihuwan

2015 Awards for Excellence in Student Research and Creative Activity - Documents

The purpose of this study was to learn more about the knowledge and attitudes of college students concerning HIV/AIDS. Further investigation of this topic sought to provide insight into the perspective of college students. This study utilized a convenience sample of 25 students at a Midwestern university. Participants were administered questionnaires featuring questions concerning their knowledge and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS. Findings indicated that although the majority of participants believed they were well educated about HIV/AIDS, their response to knowledge questions showed otherwise. Findings also indicated that students would like to see more HIV programming on their campus. The implications of …

Perceived Occupational Stressors And The Health Software Professionals In Bengaluru, India, Giridhara R. Babu, Sathyanarayana T. N., Asha Ketharam, Snehendu B. Kar, Roger Detels

The Qualitative Report

There is limited research on occupational stress and its relation to health from developing countries such as India. This study was done to evaluate work conditions of professionals in two highly productive sectors: the information technology (IT) sector, also known as software development, and Information Technology Enabled Services (ITES), also known as call centers. The study employed thirty-two in-depth interviews. The results indicate the presence of nine stress domains: job control, autonomy, time pressure, length of experience in industry, night shifts, income, appreciation of work, physical environment, work-environment and affective or emotional factors. Global drivers of demand, and local supply …

A Review Of Ototoxic Medications: Implications For Professionals Working With Consumers With Hearing Loss, Shawn P. Saladin Ph.D, Crc, Cpm, Robert B. Perez, Bianca Cruz Pharm.D, Yasar Tasnif Pharm.D, Bcps

JADARA

Rehabilitation Professionals work with a variety of people with various disabilities and disease states. Oftentimes, those disease states are treated with medications. An understanding of the most common types of medications that can cause ototoxicity, such as aminoglycides, cisplatin and loop diuretics can assist in the vocational rehabilitation process. Rehabilitation professionals are encouraged to establish positive communication with the consumers in order to foster a relationship of trust. Furthermore they are encouraged to establish relationships with Pharmacist for an understanding of the implications of commonly used medications on hearing.

Model Pengendalian Faktor Risiko Stunting Pada Anak Bawah Tiga Tahun, Erna Kusumawati, Setiyowati Rahardjo, Hesti Permata Sari

Kesmas

Stunting merupakan masalah gizi, terbukti data pemantauan status gizi Kabupaten Banyumas 2012 prevalensi stunting sebesar 28,37% dan prevalensi tertinggi (41,6%) di Puskesmas Kedungbanteng. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis faktor risiko terkait faktor anak, ibu, lingkungan terhadap stunting bawah tiga tahun (batita) agar dapat dikembangkan model pengendaliannya. Penelitian menggunakan desain kasus kontrol, populasi adalah seluruh anak usia 6 sampai 36 bulan di Puskesmas Kedungbanteng Kabupaten Banyumas selama enam bulan tahun 2013. Sampel kasus adalah 50 batita stunting, sampel kontrol adalah 50 batita status normal. Teknik pengambilan sampel kasus diambil dari tujuh desa yang terbanyak stuntingnya, sedangkan kontrol adalah batita normal tetangga terdekat …

Efektivitas Air Perasan Kulit Jeruk Manis Sebagai Larvasida Nyamuk Aedes Aegypti, Dita Nurhaifah, Tri Wahyuni Sukesi

Kesmas

Demam berdarah dengue ditularkan nyamuk Aedes aegypti yang dapat dicegah dengan temefos. Penggunaan yang berkelanjutan berdampak pada resistensi nyamuk dan kerusakan lingkungan. Untuk itu perlu larvasida alami dengan menggunakan air perasan kulit jeruk manis. Tujuan penelitian untuk membuktikan efektivitas air perasan kulit jeruk manis dalam membunuh larva uji dilihat dari nilai LC50 dan LT50 serta perbedaan efektivitasnya dengan temefos. Sampel 25 larva Aedes aegypti setiap gelas media dengan kriteria inklusi instar III yang aktif dan kriteria eksklusi larva instar I, II dan yang telah menjadi pupa/mati. Larva uji diamati selama 24 jam dengan tiga kali pengulangan. Desain penelitian adalah eksperimental …

Diabetes Melitus Dan Tingkat Keparahan Jaringan Periodontal, Rikawarastuti Rikawarastuti, Eka Anggreni, Ngatemi Ngatemi

Kesmas

Penyakit periodontal merupakan masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan prevalensi cukup tinggi di Indonesia (60%). Diabetes melitus merupakan salah satu faktor predisposisi terjadinya penyakit periodontal. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis hubungan diabetes melitus terhadap tingkat keparahan jaringan periodontal. Jenis penelitian observasional analitik potong lintang. Penelitian dilakukan di Puskesmas Kecamatan Jagakarsa Jakarta Selatan pada bulan Oktober - November 2014 dengan populasi penelitian adalah pengunjung Puskesmas Kecamatan Jagakarsa. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling sebanyak 122 orang. Status diabetes melitus didapat dari rekam medis poli penyakit tidak menular. Analisis data menggunakan kai kuadrat dan regresi logistik sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi penderita diabetes …

Taphonomic Considerations For The Analysis Of Parasites From Archaeological Contexts, Johnica J. Morrow, Dario Piombino-Mascali, Karl J. Reinhard

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Discusses the role of taphonomy in archaeaoparasitology investigations. Enumerates various factors involved in preservation techniques. Gives cases from Lithuania, Belgium, and Italy. Concludes that considering the taphonomic factors associated with archaeological materials is a vital component in the interpretation of archaeoparasitological data.

Food As A Key Resource For Security And Stability: Implications Of Changes In The Global Food System 1950-2000, Bryan L. Mcdonald

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

Food security remains an urgent problem affecting the national security and interests of states, as well as the human security of people and communities around the world. This article examines the changing landscape of food security threats and vulnerabilities by examining three sets of concerns that are converging to amplify, disrupt, and transform food relations: nutrition, food safety, and global environmental change. Ensuring food security will require utilization of a range of capabilities from the state, private, and non-state sectors to confront world food problems and build a sustainable and resilient world food network.

Law, Ethics, And Public Health In The Vaccination Debates: Politics Of The Measles Outbreak, Lawrence O. Gostin

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

The measles outbreak of early 2015 is symptomatic of a larger societal problem–the growing number of parents who decide against vaccinating their children. This failure is causing the resurgence of childhood diseases once eliminated from the United States.

This article explores the legal and ethical landscape of vaccine exemptions. While all states require childhood vaccinations, they differ significantly in the types of religious and/or philosophical exemptions permitted, the rigor of the application process, and available review mechanisms. States with relaxed exemption policies disproportionately experience more outbreaks of vaccine-preventable disease.

Vaccine exemptions are an illustration of the “tragedy of the commons,” …