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A Cache Of Iron Quarrying Tools From Excavations Near Jerusalem’S Third Wall (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–8*; English Summary, Pp. 153–154), Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah Jan 2025

A Cache Of Iron Quarrying Tools From Excavations Near Jerusalem’S Third Wall (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–8*; English Summary, Pp. 153–154), Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah

'Atiqot

A group of quarrying tools was recovered from Area B of the Third Wall excavations, approximately 400 m northwest of Damascus Gate, Jerusalem. The tools were found side-by-side, one atop the other, and therefore, seem to be part of a stonemason’s tool kit. Among the tools are splitting wedges and wedge slats. This is the first time that so large a group of ancient quarrying tools has been exposed in situ in an archaeological excavation. The tools were probably used in a quarry dating to the Second Temple period.


The Anthropological Remains From Burial Cave 900 In Naḥal Refa’Im, Jerusalem (Pp. 73–74), Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

The Anthropological Remains From Burial Cave 900 In Naḥal Refa’Im, Jerusalem (Pp. 73–74), Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

Human skeletal remains dating to the Intermediate Bronze Age and Middle Bronze Age II were exposed in Burial Cave 900. The MB II burials were found in two superposed levels. Despite the fragmentary nature of the bones, children and adults of both sexes were identified.


Intermediate And Middle Bronze Age Burial Cave 900 In Naḥal Refa’Im, Jerusalem (Pp. 17–32), Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah Jan 2025

Intermediate And Middle Bronze Age Burial Cave 900 In Naḥal Refa’Im, Jerusalem (Pp. 17–32), Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah

'Atiqot

Burial Cave 900 in Naḥal Refa’im, Jerusalem, exposed two main burial phases: the early phase dated to the Intermediate Bronze Age and the later, to Middle Bronze Age II. The finds from the Intermediate Bronze Age layer included the bones of a single individual and several pottery vessels. Above this layer were two MB II burial levels: the early level included the remains of 12 individuals, attesting to a multiple burial, and the later level comprised seven burial groups, each representing the secondary burial of one individual and his personal items, as well as animal bones.


Front Matter, Editorial Board Jan 2025

Front Matter, Editorial Board

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


The Coins From The Flour Mills In The Ridwan Gardens, ‘Akko (Hebrew, Pp. 159*–160*; English Summary, P. 119), Robert Kool Jan 2025

The Coins From The Flour Mills In The Ridwan Gardens, ‘Akko (Hebrew, Pp. 159*–160*; English Summary, P. 119), Robert Kool

'Atiqot

The excavations in the flour-mills compound yielded 15 coins. The earliest coin dates to the Byzantine period and the latest, to the first years of the State of Israel. Most of the coins date to the Ottoman period, pointing to the main period when the mills operated, in the first half of the nineteenth century CE.


The Ceramic Finds From The Ottoman Flour Mills In The Ridwan Gardens, ‘Akko (Pp. 83–96), Edna J. Stern Jan 2025

The Ceramic Finds From The Ottoman Flour Mills In The Ridwan Gardens, ‘Akko (Pp. 83–96), Edna J. Stern

'Atiqot

The pottery assemblage from the excavation of the ‘Akko Mills includes mainly Late Ottoman wares (eighteenth–nineteenth centuries CE), as well as two earlier sherds dating to the Crusader and Mamluk periods. The Ottoman pottery includes unglazed local wares, Rashaya el-Fukhar painted wares, imported cooking vessels and imported glazed bowls and a basin. The findings indicate that imported vessels were not considered luxury ware and were used by the workers in the mills for daily consumption. The pottery was probably brought to ‘Akko by sea, reflecting the local and international maritime trade that took place at the port of ‘Akko during …


Architectural Analysis Of The Flour-Mill Compound In The Ridwan Gardens, ‘Akko (Hebrew, Pp. 141*–157*; English Summary, Pp. 116–118), Amir Freundlich Jan 2025

Architectural Analysis Of The Flour-Mill Compound In The Ridwan Gardens, ‘Akko (Hebrew, Pp. 141*–157*; English Summary, Pp. 116–118), Amir Freundlich

'Atiqot

In the course of conservation works carried out in the flour-mill compound in ‘Akko, the remains of the mills were documented and their various elements and methods of operation were studied. An analysis of the water-powered technology indicated that the mills were operated by the slanting-chute technology. The water from Naḥal Na‘aman was conveyed to the mills by channels. These mills are part of the flour-production industry that flourished in the country during the Ottoman period.


The Flour Mills In The Ridwan Gardens, ‘Akko (With A Contribution By Gerald Finkielsztejn) (Hebrew, Pp. 127*–140*; English Summary, Pp. 113–115), Yoav Lerer Jan 2025

The Flour Mills In The Ridwan Gardens, ‘Akko (With A Contribution By Gerald Finkielsztejn) (Hebrew, Pp. 127*–140*; English Summary, Pp. 113–115), Yoav Lerer

'Atiqot

The flour mills, located on an island southeast of Tel ‘Akko, were powered by water, which was diverted to the mills by means of channels. The excavations exposed fifteen pairs of millstones set within five buildings. Pottery finds and Zanjid coins attest that the mills operated as early as the Crusader period (twelfth–thirteenth centuries CE); the main period of use was in the Ottoman period, from the eighteenth until the beginning of the twentieth centuries CE.


A Villa And A Pottery Kiln From The Late Roman–Byzantine Periods At ‘En Ya‘Al (Naḥal Refa’Im), Jerusalem (With A Contribution By Anat Cohen-Weinberger) (Hebrew, Pp. 71*–119*; English Summary, Pp. 107–110), Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah Jan 2025

A Villa And A Pottery Kiln From The Late Roman–Byzantine Periods At ‘En Ya‘Al (Naḥal Refa’Im), Jerusalem (With A Contribution By Anat Cohen-Weinberger) (Hebrew, Pp. 71*–119*; English Summary, Pp. 107–110), Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah

'Atiqot

The excavation on the northern bank of Naḥal Refa’im in Jerusalem unearthed the remains of three occupation phases: architectural remains from the late Hellenistic or Early Roman period (Stratum III); part of a Roman villa (Stratum II); and a pottery kiln from the Late Roman–Early Byzantine periods (Stratum I). Sections of two rooms belonging to the Roman villa were exposed; the southern room was decorated with colored wall paintings, and its floor was adorned with mosaics. The villa may have been part of an estate granted to a Roman army veteran or officer. Above the ruins of the villa, a …


A Mosaic Floor With Xenia At ‘En YaʻAl (Naḥal Refa’Im), Jerusalem (Hebrew, Pp. 121*–126*; English Summary, Pp. 111–112), Rina Talgam Jan 2025

A Mosaic Floor With Xenia At ‘En YaʻAl (Naḥal Refa’Im), Jerusalem (Hebrew, Pp. 121*–126*; English Summary, Pp. 111–112), Rina Talgam

'Atiqot

Two rooms of a Late Roma-period villa were exposed on the northern bank of Naḥal Refa’im, Jerusalem. The southern room was paved with a white mosaic floor adorned with two colored panels: one, enclosed in a wide frame, contains xenia that usually adorn the floors of dining or reception rooms, and the other, is adorned with an intersecting rosette pattern. The composition, the colors and the quality of the mosaics indicate a third-century CE date.


The Glass Vessels From ‘En Tamar (Pp. 73–75), Tamar Winter Jan 2025

The Glass Vessels From ‘En Tamar (Pp. 73–75), Tamar Winter

'Atiqot

The glass finds from the salvage excavation at ‘En Tamar were in relatively poor condition. They comprise fragments of bowls, beakers and bottles, dating to the second−third centuries CE; one bottle dates to a later presence at the site, in the eighth−ninth centuries CE.


Subterranean Complex 147 At Maresha: The Construction Phases Of The Columbarium (Pp. 37–48), Ian Stern, Bernie Alpert, Amos Kloner Jan 2025

Subterranean Complex 147 At Maresha: The Construction Phases Of The Columbarium (Pp. 37–48), Ian Stern, Bernie Alpert, Amos Kloner

'Atiqot

Excavations in Subterranean Complex 147 in Maresha revealed several building phases of the large columbarium. The fill within the installation consisted of pottery ranging in date from the Iron Age II through the Hellenistic period, mainly from the second century BCE. Columbaria had an important function in the lifestyle of the local population in the Judean Shephelah in general, and at Maresha in particular. This is connected with fact that pigeons were a source of food, a cultic offering, and their droppings were used as fertilizer.


A Chalcolithic Settlement At Tel Shevaʻ (Hebrew, Pp. 43*–69*; English Summary, P. 106), Yael Abadi-Reiss Jan 2025

A Chalcolithic Settlement At Tel Shevaʻ (Hebrew, Pp. 43*–69*; English Summary, P. 106), Yael Abadi-Reiss

'Atiqot

Salvage excavations at Tel Shevaʻ uncovered the remains of a Chalcolithic-period settlement. The architectural remains consisted mainly of pits of different sizes and types, which were dug into the loess soil; they served as refuse pits in their final stage of use. The fill within the pits comprised soil and ash accumulations, mixed with potsherds, flints and animal bones, reflecting a broad range of domestic activities that had once been carried out on surface level. The site appears to have been the largest of the Ghassulian-culture sites in the Be’er Shevaʻ Valley.


Front Matter, Editorial Board Jan 2025

Front Matter, Editorial Board

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


Remains From The End Of The Early Chalcolithic And The Late Chalcolithic Periods At Kaukab Springs In The Western Galilee (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–41*; English Summary, P. 103–105), Nimrod Getzov Jan 2025

Remains From The End Of The Early Chalcolithic And The Late Chalcolithic Periods At Kaukab Springs In The Western Galilee (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–41*; English Summary, P. 103–105), Nimrod Getzov

'Atiqot

Excavations at the Kaukab Springs site revealed two Chalcolithic-period strata: one from Early Chalcolithic 3 (Stratum III) and the other from the Late Chalcolithic (Stratum II). The site is important for the study of the transition between the Early Chalcolithic 3 and the Late Chalcolithic periods. The architectural traditions and the finds from each of these periods indicate a clear relationship between the Galilee sites and ‘En ‘Esur, as well as local variations in the region between the Sharon plain and the Galilee. After its abandonment in the Late Chalcolithic period, the site was reoccupied in the Intermediate Bronze Age.


The Pottery From Stratum 2 At Khirbat Deiran, Rehovot (Hebrew, Pp. 91*–104*; English Summary, Pp. 173–175), Miriam Avissar Jan 2025

The Pottery From Stratum 2 At Khirbat Deiran, Rehovot (Hebrew, Pp. 91*–104*; English Summary, Pp. 173–175), Miriam Avissar

'Atiqot

Stratum 2 of Kogan-Zehavi’s excavations at Khirbat Deiran yielded pottery dating from the eighth to mid-ninth centuries CE. The earlier, Phase I, pottery included Fine Byzantine Ware and buff-colored vessels, dating from the second half of the eighth century CE. The Phase II pottery was very rich, presenting types common in the ninth century CE: glazed and unglazed bowls, baggy-shaped jars and saqiya vessels, buff-colored jugs and a decorated oil lamp. The ceramic finds from Phase III were dominated by jars. Only a few sherds, including a yellow-glazed bowl decorated with sgraffito, were recovered from Phase IV.


Remains Of An Early Islamic Settlement And A Hellenistic (Roman?) Tomb At Khirbat Deiran, Rehovot (Hebrew, Pp. 77*–90*; English Summary, Pp. 170–173), Elena Kogan-Zehavi Jan 2025

Remains Of An Early Islamic Settlement And A Hellenistic (Roman?) Tomb At Khirbat Deiran, Rehovot (Hebrew, Pp. 77*–90*; English Summary, Pp. 170–173), Elena Kogan-Zehavi

'Atiqot

Excavation at the site, located within the modern city of Rehovot, uncovered two occupation levels: from the Hellenistic and Roman periods (Stratum 1) and from the Early Islamic period (Stratum 2). The earlier stratum included the remains of a tomb hewn in kurkar. The later stratum included four architectural phases (I–IV) of a building that was constructed in the eighth century and continued to exist until the mid-ninth century CE. The finds within the building included pottery and glass vessels, metal artifacts, coins and two pieces of cotton textile. A gemstone, depicting the god Zeus and dating to the …


The Coins From Naḥal Daliya(Umm Tut)(Hebrew, Pp. 71*–75*; English Summary, P. 70), Helena Sokolov Jan 2025

The Coins From Naḥal Daliya(Umm Tut)(Hebrew, Pp. 71*–75*; English Summary, P. 70), Helena Sokolov

'Atiqot

Thirty-eight coins were uncovered in the excavations at the site, of which twenty-seven were identified. The coins range in date from the third to the seventh centuries CE.


Building Remains And An Installation From The Byzantine And Early Islamic Periods At Naḥal Daliya (Umm Tut) (Hebrew, Pp. 51*–70*; English Summary, Pp. 168–170), Ianir Milevski, Hamoudi Khalaily Jan 2025

Building Remains And An Installation From The Byzantine And Early Islamic Periods At Naḥal Daliya (Umm Tut) (Hebrew, Pp. 51*–70*; English Summary, Pp. 168–170), Ianir Milevski, Hamoudi Khalaily

'Atiqot

The pottery from the cave, comprising bowls, platters, jugs/cups, jars, pithoi and an amphoriskos, was mostly eroded. The flint assemblage included 198 artifacts: the debitage was dominated by primary elements and flakes; the debris comprised local large chunks. Among the tools were Canaanean blades. A single copper dagger was also found in the cave. The finds from the cave date from Early Bronze AgeI to Early Bronze AgeIV and are characteristic of the central and southern regions of the country.


The Agricultural Hinterland West Of Ḥorbat Barfiliya, Modi‘In (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–27*; English Summary, Pp. 165–166), Nitzan Amitai-Preiss Jan 2025

The Agricultural Hinterland West Of Ḥorbat Barfiliya, Modi‘In (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–27*; English Summary, Pp. 165–166), Nitzan Amitai-Preiss

'Atiqot

A bronze amulet was found during the excavations at Khirbat el-Ni‘ana. Its obverse is artistically decorated with the motif of an arch supported by two pillars, from which hangs a mosque lamp. The reverse contains an eight-line pseudo-Arabic inscription.


The Clay Oil Lamps From Khirbat El-Ni‘Ana (Pp. 53–72), Varda Sussman Jan 2025

The Clay Oil Lamps From Khirbat El-Ni‘Ana (Pp. 53–72), Varda Sussman

'Atiqot

Excavations at Khirbat el-Ni‘ana yielded some 110 mold-made clay oil lamps, most of which were discovered in or around Tomb I. These lamps, spanning the time from the Late Roman, Byzantine and Early Islamic periods, are typologically related to products of workshops that operated in the Judean Shephelah region. The lamp assemblage includes local Khirbat el-Ni‘ana-type lamps that have heretofar not been found outside of this site.


The Excavations At Khirbat El-Ni‘Ana (Hebrew, Pp. 29*–49*; English Summary, Pp. 166–167), Ofer Sion Jan 2025

The Excavations At Khirbat El-Ni‘Ana (Hebrew, Pp. 29*–49*; English Summary, Pp. 166–167), Ofer Sion

'Atiqot

Two areas were excavated along the eastern fringes of Khirbat el-Ni‘ana, revealing built tombs with vaulted roofs, refuse from glass and pottery workshops and temporary hearths. The built tombs are characteristic of the southern coastal plain during the fourth century CE. The findings point to the area’s function as both a cemetery and an industrial zone—both functions were traditionally situated on the outskirts of settlements for reasons of health and environmental considerations. The settlement might have been populated by Samaritans. After a gap in time, the site was resettled during the Mamluk and Ottoman periods.


Glass Finds From The Abbasid–Fatimid Periods On Danny Mass Street, Ramla (Pp. 59–67), Natalya Katsnelson Jan 2025

Glass Finds From The Abbasid–Fatimid Periods On Danny Mass Street, Ramla (Pp. 59–67), Natalya Katsnelson

'Atiqot

The glass finds retrieved from Danny Mass Street, Ramla include common tablewares, luxury vessels and a mosaic-glass eye bead. They form a diagnostic assemblage spanning the late eighth–early eleventh centuries CE. This assemblage provides a new insight into the glass assemblage of the city during the Abbasid and Fatimid periods. The uniformity of fabric within the assemblage suggests that many of the vessels may have been produced in the same workshop.


Archaeozoological Finds From The Abbasid Period, From Danny Mass Street, Ramla (Hebrew, Pp. 129*–131*; English, P. 121), Moshe Sade Jan 2025

Archaeozoological Finds From The Abbasid Period, From Danny Mass Street, Ramla (Hebrew, Pp. 129*–131*; English, P. 121), Moshe Sade

'Atiqot

The excavation on Danny Mass Street, Ramla yielded faunal remains dating to the Early Islamic period, comprising domesticated, as well as wild animal bones. Pig bones found in the assemblage probably attest to the existence of a Christian population in the city.


An Early Islamic-Period Structure On Danny Mass Street, Ramla (Hebrew, Pp. 99*–126*; English, Pp. 118–119), Oren Shmueli Jan 2025

An Early Islamic-Period Structure On Danny Mass Street, Ramla (Hebrew, Pp. 99*–126*; English, Pp. 118–119), Oren Shmueli

'Atiqot

A salvage excavation within the boundaries of the ancient city of Ramla revealed four strata. The earliest, Stratum IV, comprised an earthen fill, containing potsherds—including imports from Egypt and China—stone and glass vessels, dating from the mid-eighth to the tenth centuries CE. Stratum III included three architectural phases: fragmentary remains of installations and a wall foundation (Phase IIIc); remains of a large building, which was erected upon three terraces (Phase IIIb); and an ashlar-built, paved circular installation (Phase IIIa). The finds from Stratum III date from the mid-eighth to the eleventh centuries CE, and include potsherds and animal bones. The …


Two Decorated Potsherds From The Islamic Period From Danny Mass Street, Ramla (Hebrew, Pp. 127*–128*; English, P. 120), Nitzan Amitai-Preiss Jan 2025

Two Decorated Potsherds From The Islamic Period From Danny Mass Street, Ramla (Hebrew, Pp. 127*–128*; English, P. 120), Nitzan Amitai-Preiss

'Atiqot

Two decorated potsherds were unearthed: a stamped jar handle depicting a “cross” and part of a flask. The flask bears an Arabic inscription, which was dated, based on comparisons, to the thirteenth–fourteenth centuries CE.


An Early Islamic Installation At Ramla (Pp. 27–39), Oren Shmueli Jan 2025

An Early Islamic Installation At Ramla (Pp. 27–39), Oren Shmueli

'Atiqot

An excavation at the Ramlod Interchange exposed a subterranean circular, plastered installation, with one course of its vaulted roof still extant and two rectangular openings. The fill in the upper part of the installation consisted of animal bones, pottery sherds and fragments of glass vessels, and in the lower part were complete pottery and glass vessels, roof tiles and ceramic tiles mixed with charcoal and animal bones. It seems that the assemblage was discarded into the pit between the second half of the eighth and the first half of the ninth centuries CE. The installation, built on the hill at …


An Umayyad Glass Assemblage From Ramla (Pp. 41–57), Yael Gorin-Rosen Jan 2025

An Umayyad Glass Assemblage From Ramla (Pp. 41–57), Yael Gorin-Rosen

'Atiqot

A homogeneous assemblage of glass vessels was uncovered in the lower part of an installation (cesspit?) during excavations in the vicinity of Ramla. The assemblage included bowls and beakers, bottles, jugs, a jar, an oil lamp and a miniature spouted vessel, whose fabric, quality and workmanship are typical of the Umayyad period. The glass is mostly bluish green or greenish blue, without corrosion and weathering, and with very common, simple decoration. The importance of this glass group lies in its dating to the beginning of the Islamic Era, i.e., the first half of the eighth century CE or very shortly …


Tunnel-Well (Qanat) Systems From The Early Islamic Period In The ‘Arava (With Contributions By Nili Liphschitz And Yoel Wiesel, And Moshe Sharon) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–81*; English, Pp. 113–116), Yosef Porath Jan 2025

Tunnel-Well (Qanat) Systems From The Early Islamic Period In The ‘Arava (With Contributions By Nili Liphschitz And Yoel Wiesel, And Moshe Sharon) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–81*; English, Pp. 113–116), Yosef Porath

'Atiqot

Qanat systems operated mainly in arid and semi-arid regions to obtain ground water by means of gravitation. This sophisticated technology was identified at three sites in the ‘Arava—‘En ‘Avrona, ‘En Yotvata and ‘En Marzev—and provided water all year round for household and irrigation needs. Excavations at these sites exposed agricultural farms, comprising a qanat system, a reservoir, a cultivated area and rectangular structures. Finds include pottery, stone and glass vessels, metal finds, coins and epigraphical finds, as well as organic material, botanical remains, melanopsis shells and faunal remains, dating to the Early Islamic period (late seventh–ninth centuries CE). This date …


The Glass Finds From ‘En Marzev (Hebrew, Pp. 83*–98*; English, P. 117), Ayala Lester Jan 2025

The Glass Finds From ‘En Marzev (Hebrew, Pp. 83*–98*; English, P. 117), Ayala Lester

'Atiqot

The glass finds from ‘En Marzev, mostly free-blown, were found alongside pottery, steatite vessels, coins and metal artifacts dating to the seventh–eighth centuries CE. The assemblage comprises bowls, bottles, oil lamps, a wineglass and several windowpane fragments. Also found were remains pointing to a local glass production: glass slags; fragments of the walls of a glass furnace; and two fragments of distorted vessels. The glass vessels date from the late Byzantine period, around 650 CE, to the first decades of the Abbasid period, c. 750–780 CE.