Digital Commons Network^™

Perbandingan Dua Metode Estimasi Pajanan Pestisida Di Tempat Kerja, Nurhayati Prihartono

Kesmas

Informasi yang valid tentang pajanan masa lalu mungkin sulit didapat dari wawancara individu. Peran ahli seperti higiene industri atau pertanian dalam mengestimasi pajanan pestisida dengan menggunakan jenis pekerjaan dapat meningkatkan validitas data pajanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan pajanan pestisida di tempat kerja yang ditentukan berdasarkan laporan individu dan ahli, serta mempelajari pola perbedaan tingkat pajanan dari kedua metode tersebut. Laporan individu berasal dari studi kasus kontrol tentang anemia aplastik di Thailand. Estimasi ahli digunakan untuk menentukan tingkat pajanan terhadap 4 jenis pestisida pada setiap 476 jenis pekerjaan. Instrumen standar dibuat berdasarkan probabilitas pajanan, frekuensi, intensitas dan keyakinan diri dalam menentukan …

Keracunan Pestisida Dan Hipotiroidisme Pada Wanita Usia Subur Di Daerah Pertanian, Suhartono Suhartono, Dharminto Dharminto

Kesmas

Wanita bermukim di daerah pertanian berisiko terpajan pestisida yang dapat berakibat hipotiroidisme yang pada kehamilan dapat menyebabkan gangguan tumbuh-kembang janin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui angka kejadian keracunan pestisida dan hipotiroidisme pada wanita usia subur di daerah pertanian. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain penelitian cross-sectional dan 26 WUS terpilih sebagai subjek secara acak. Semua subjek dilakukan pengukuran kadar TSH, fT4 dan enzim kolinesterase, sementara kadar T3, UEI, dan Pb darah diukur pada sub-sampel. Penderita dinyatakan keracunan pestisida apabila ditemukan kadar enzim kolinesterase 4,5 μIU/L. Penelitian ini menemukan rerata kadar kolinesterase adalah 7,26 (±1,28) dengan kisaran nilai 5,33-9,39 μg/L; rerata kadar TSH …

Determinan Abortus Di Indonesia, Titik Kuntari, Siswanto Agus Wilopo, Ova Emilia

Kesmas

Abortus menjadi masalah yang penting dalam kesehatan masyarakat karena berpengaruh terhadap morbiditas dan mortalitas maternal. Di Indonesia, belum ada data yang komprehensif tentang kejadian abortus, berbagai data yang ada sebelumnya berdasarkan survei dengan cakupan yang relatif terbatas. Abortus yang tidak aman bertanggung jawab terhadap 11% kematian ibu di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian abortus di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan metode observasional menggunakan disain studi cross sectional. Data penelitian diperoleh dari data Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia 2002-2003. Analisis data dilakukan secara bertahap yaitu: analisis univariat, analisis bivariat dan analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik. …

Impact Belize 2010 Executive Report, Ritchie D. Taylor, Jordan Norris, Molly Calico, Bernie Strenecky, Daniel Carter, Dawn Garrett Wright, Eve Main, Bonny Petty, Molly Kerby, Jill Norris

Impact Belize

No abstract provided.

Nonparametric Regression With Missing Outcomes Using Weighted Kernel Estimating Equations, Lu Wang, Andrea Rotnitzky, Xihong Lin

Harvard University Biostatistics Working Paper Series

No abstract provided.

Associations Between Sport And Screen-Entertainment With Mental Health Problems In 5-Year-Old Children, Lucy J. Griffiths, Marsha Dowda, Carol Dezateux, Russell R. Pate

Faculty Publications

Background: Few studies have examined the benefits of regular physical activity, and risks of sedentary behavior, in young children. This study investigated associations between participation in sports and screen-entertainment (as components of physical activity and sedentary behavior), and emotional and behavioral problems in this population.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of data from 13470 children (50.9% boys) participating in the nationally representative UK Millennium Cohort Study. Time spent participating in sports clubs outside of school, and using screen-entertainment, was reported by the child's mother at child age 5 years, when mental health was also measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.

Results …

Sensitivity Analysis – The Effects Of Glasgow Outcome Scale Misclassification On Traumatic Brain Injury Clinical Trials, Juan Lu

Theses and Dissertations

I. EFFECTS OF GLASGOW OUTCOME SCALE MISCLASSIFICATION ON TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY CLINICAL TRIALS The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) is the primary endpoint for efficacy analysis of clinical trials in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Accurate and consistent assessment of outcome after TBI is essential to the evaluation of treatment results, particularly in the context of multicenter studies and trials. The inconsistent measurement or interobserver variation on GOS outcome, or for that matter, on any outcome scales, may adversely affect the sensitivity to detect treatment effects in clinical trial. The objective of this study is to examine effects of nondifferential misclassification of …

Neuroprotection With Anesthetics In Two Models Of Cerebral Ischemia, Rafael Eduardo Chaparro Buitrago

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Neuroprotection with anesthetics has been studied for many decades; important advances in this field have modified the way Anesthesiologists treat patients in the operating room. Animal models have played an important role in the study of ischemia in the operating room. Recent studies have demonstrated that the effect of anesthetics seems to be different in different animal models. We decided to evaluate anesthetics in a well-known model of cerebral ischemia and also in hypotensive models designed by us. We used a model of cerebral ischemia (MCAO) to test anesthetics neuroprotective effect in a two-week period. Then, we used a model …

Evaluating The Comprehensiveness Of Youth Access To Tobacco Legislation, Richard Clark

Graduate Research Symposium (2010 - 2017)

The deadly effects of smoking have been well documented since the 1960s. As laws and ordinances have been instituted at the state level, various measures have been developed in an attempt to measure both the comprehensiveness and effectiveness of such restrictions. This paper seeks to build on the rating systems already developed that currently look at individual laws by developing an overall rating scale of state level smoking restrictions and their effectiveness over time. Results of the overall rating scale will be shared along with recommendations for future research.

The Impact Of Coarsening The Explanatory Variable Of Interest In Making Causal Inferences: Implicit Assumptions Behind Dichotomizing Variables, Ori M. Stitelman, Alan E. Hubbard, Nicholas P. Jewell

U.C. Berkeley Division of Biostatistics Working Paper Series

It is common in analyses designed to estimate the causal effect of a continuous exposure/treatment to dichotomize the variable of interest. By dichotomizing the variable and assessing the causal effect of the newly fabricated variable practitioners are implicitly making assumptions. However, in most analyses these assumptions are ignored. In this article we formally address what assumptions are made in dichotomizing variables to assess causal effects. We introduce two assumptions, either of which must be met, in order for the estimates of the causal effects to be unbiased estimates of the parameters of interest. We title those assumptions the Mechanism Equivalence …

Bowling Green, Kentucky - Death Records, 1877-1913 (Mss 293), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid and copy of a "Death Return" (click on Additional File below) for Manuscripts Collection 293. To view scanned copies of the records, click on the individual folders; they are links to the contents of that particular folder. Physician's death certificates and undertaker's certificates relating to permits for burials wihin the City of Bowling Green, Kentucky. Includes information on the deceased's date and cause of death, age, race, marital status, place of birth, residence, and date and place of intended interment. May include other documentation when a death occurred outside Warren County, Kentucky.

Health Care Reform's Proposed End-Of-Life Provisions, Brandy C. Hill, Nick Lebredo, Christopher R. Shafer

Florida Public Health Review

End-of-life planning promotes patient autonomy by allowing individual patients to inform and direct care givers and healthcare proxies on their desired level of end-of-life care, where the patient prefers to pass away (whether at home or in a hospital setting), and the methods and levels of pain management that the patient deems desirable. Given that, it is counter-intuitive that a significant majority of American's fail to execute, or fail to properly execute, advance directives. Theauthor’seffortsfocusonwhatcanbedonetoimprove,generally,end-of-lifecare. Tothatend,theauthorsconclude that improvements in end-of-life care must be achieved at three levels: the individual level, the healthcare provider level, andatthegovernmentlevel. Ontheindividuallevel,patientsmustassumegreateraccountabilityfortheirownend-of-life care. Thatentailsmakingone'swishesforend-of-lifecareknowntofamilymembersandhealthcareproviders. Onthe healthcare …

Factors Associated With Institutionalization For Treatment Of Active Tuberculosis: A Synopsis From In-Depth Patient Interviews, Robert J. Mcdermott, Carol A. Bryant, Jeannine Coreil, Aimee R. Eden, Lori K. Buhi

Florida Public Health Review

To increase the effectiveness of therapeutic regimens for tuberculosis (TB) and to reduce the societal risks for both infected and uninfected individuals, it is beneficial to be able to predict factors associated with non-adherence to treatment. The purpose of this study was to acquire detailed case histories of TB patients admitted to a hospital setting and to gain a better understanding of how patients explain the life events leading up to their admission for treatment. Twenty-one patients with active TB were interviewed concerning their knowledge of TB, diagnosis and treatment history, recent history prior to hospitalization, reactions to and life …

Diagnosing Decisions: An Examination Of Medical Career Choices And Their Effects On The Health Care System, Nicole Craker '10

Honor Scholar Theses

With the passage of the new health care bill in March of this year, President Obama was able to promise health care coverage to millions of Americans (Health Reform, 2010). While this was a major step towards increasing the health of our nation, promise of coverage does not automatically equate with the promise of better health. Rather, the expanded coverage may more significantly correlate with expanded physician wait lists. As newly insured Americans attempt to make appointments, they may have a difficult time finding a physician who has the time to take them due to a shortage of available doctors. …

Stigma And Therapy Completion For Latent Tuberculosis Among Haitian-Origin Patients, Jeannine Coreil, Michael Lauzardo, Heather Clayton

Florida Public Health Review

A prospective cohort study of LTBI treatment conducted within the Haitian population of South Florida investigated the predictive association between illness-related stigma among patients near the beginning of treatment and completion of preventive therapy. Factors associated with perceived stigma were also investigated. Ninety patients from Broward and Palm Beach counties were administered a questionnaire that included items related to illness history, perceptions and understanding of latent tuberculosis, and a 25-item stigma scale adapted from previously developed measures of tuberculosis-related stigma. Therapy completion was determined through a follow-up chart review. Data analyses compared patients who completed therapy with those who defaulted …

Information And Incentives: Improving The Health Of New York City's Low-Income Population, Kathryn Linehan, Lisa Sprague

National Health Policy Forum

The National Health Policy Forum sponsored a site visit to New York City (NYC) in April 2010 to explore health care delivery for Medicaid beneficiaries and the uninsured in New York City’s hospital-dominated market. New York offers real-time examples of government policy and provider initiatives in health information technology (IT) and quality improvement being played out on a large, complex, and dynamic stage with multiple stakeholders. Site visit participants heard from providers and others who discussed efforts to improve the quality of care for low-income New Yorkers through a variety of methods, such as the adoption and use of electronic …

Strategies To Recruit And Retain College Smokers In Cessation Trials, M. Meghan Davidson, Nikole J. Cronk, Kari J. Harris, Solomon W. Harrar, Delwyn Catley, Glenn E. Good

Public and Community Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Techniques to recruit and retain college fraternity and sorority members who reported past 30-day smoking into a cessation trial are described. Recruitment efforts included relationship-building, raffles, and screening survey administration during existing meetings. Surveys were administered to 76% (n = 3,276) of members in 30 chapters, 79% of eligible members agreed to participate, and 76% of those completed assessments and were enrolled in the trial (n = 452). The retention rate was 73%. Retention efforts included cash incentives, flexible scheduling, multiple reminders, chapter incentives, and use of chapter members as study personnel. Retention was not related to demographic, …

Wku Scholar, Pamela Napier, Editor-In-Chief

WKU Scholar

No abstract provided.

A Colorectal Cancer Screening Project In An Old Order Mennonite Community: Capstone Project Technical Report, Maria Eve Main

Nursing Faculty Publications

The purpose of this project was to determine if colorectal cancer (CRC) screening education and community access to fecal occult blood tests (FOBT) is associated with an increase in the uptake of FOBT in an old order Mennonite community. Utilizing a modified cultural model, an educational offering on CRC screening and access to FOBT in the community was delivered to a self-selected sample of age-eligible participants. Thirty-three age eligible residents completed the CRC screening questionnaires and received education on CRC screening. Twenty-nine of the age-eligible participants were found to be at average risk and twenty-three elected to receive FOBT testing …

An Intervention To Reduce Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure Improves Pregnancy Outcomes, Ayman El-Mohandes, Michele Kiely, Susan M. Blake, Marie G. Gantz, M. Nabil El-Khorazaty

Publications and Research

Objective—We tested the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral intervention in reducing environmental tobacco smoke exposure (ETSE) and improving pregnancy outcomes among African-American women.

Methods—We recruited 1,044 women to a randomized controlled trial during 2001-2004 in Washington, DC. Data on 691 women with self-reported ETSE were analyzed. A subset of 520 ETSE women and salivary cotinine levels (SCLs)/ml was also analyzed. Individually tailored counseling sessions adapted from evidence-based interventions for ETSE and other risks, were delivered to the intervention group. The usual care group received routine prenatal care as determined by their provider. Logistic regression models were used to predict …

Hiv Risk Factors Among Moroccan And Turkish Same-Sex Attracted Youth In Amsterdam, Daniel Woznica

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

This report is the outcome of a month-long exploratory study on the main HIV risk factors among Moroccan and Turkish same-sex attracted (SSA) youth in Amsterdam. Data was obtained by way of interviews conducted with five experts, categorized as: academics, sexual and ethnic minority activists, and HIV professionals. Five main risk factors were determined: cultural differences; language barriers; stigma and taboo around sexuality and HIV within Islamic communities; socioeconomic marginalization; and lack of a positive term for same-sex sexual behavior and identity among the target group. Recommendations for future research include interviews with Moroccan and Turkish SSA youth themselves. Implications …

Annual Report, Western Kentucky University College Of Health & Human Services, Dr. John Bonaguro, Dean, Wku College Of Health & Human Services

College of Health & Human Services Publications

No abstract provided.

An Approaching Epidemic: Exploring Diabetes Awareness & Care In Mombasa, Kenya, Benjamin Marhan Dropkin

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The prevalence of Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has become an increasing problem in virtually every city in the world due to lifestyle changes in recent decades that have greatly reduced healthy eating habits as well as exercise. Research has shown that T2DM is largely preventable through healthy lifestyle choices. It is crucial for every country’s population to be aware of the risk factors and complications of diabetes so that they can take active steps to avoid the monumental physical and financial burden of the disease. This study attempted to gauge diabetes awareness among patients living with diabetes and to …

Factors That Contribute To The Low Uptake Of Skilled Care During Delivery In Malindi, Kenya, Alexandra Carter

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

In Kenya, maternal mortality ratios remain high and the number of births attended by skilled health attendants hovers at just 44%. Using both qualitative and quantitative data, a study was conducted to determine the uptake of antenatal care and skilled attendance in Malindi District and to explore factors that contribute to the low use of maternal health services during delivery. It was found that after the first antenatal visit attendance to health facilities begins to decline ending in low rates of births attended by skilled care and that socio-cultural and economic factors play a larger role than access alone in …

Salud Reproductiva De Mujeres En Edad Fertil De La Zona De Intag: Deteccion Oportuna Del Cancer Cervico Uterino (Doc) Papanicolaou, Astia Roper-Batker

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

El cáncer delcuello uterino es el segundo más frecuente tipo de cáncer entre las mujeres a nivel mundial (15). La falta de planificación resulta en una alta incidencia de partos y abortos. Estos factores, junto con otros, significan una predisposición al cáncer del cuello uterino (18). El tratamiento más efectivo en la lucha contra este cáncer, es la prevención a través de la detección temprana por el examen de papanicolaou (16, 15,17). En la zona de Intag, localizada en Ecuador, 289 mujeres se realizaron papanicolaou y fueron encuestadas sobre su salud reproductiva. El estudio presente tiene por objetivo determinar si …

Trapped In The Street: Defining The Health Care Use Of The Homeless Adult In Salvador, Bahia, Nicole Lunardi

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Problem Statement

Homelessness is a universal problem. This population represents some of society’s most marginalized members who, paradoxically, need society’s help the most. In this study, data was collected in order to discern in which circumstances and how homeless people utilize medical care in order to better understand the concepts of self efficacy and self agency among this population.

Question and Hypothesis

In what circumstances and by what means does the adult homeless population seek medical attention?

Since the homeless population is marginalized by society, I believe that this population lacks the self efficacy and agency that is required to …

Youth Health Coordinating Council Ward 8 Secret Health Clinic Shopper Report, The Center For Health And Health Care In Schools

Center for Health and Health Care in Schools

No abstract provided.

Download Full Pdf Issue Of Jefferson School Of Population Health Master Of Public Health E-News Public Health Link, Vol. 6, Iss. 1, Spring 2010.

Public Health Link

This issue includes a faculty spotlight on Theresa Pluth Yeo, PhD, MPH, MSN, AOCNP, a recap on the two conferences held in Philadelphia in November: the Society for Public Health Education (SOPHE) and the American Public Health Association, highlights from the APHA Annual Meeting: Student Perspective, an article on the Philadelphia Urban Food and Fitness Alliance (PUFFA), and Jefferson School of Population Health Welcomes the US, Dept. of Health and Human Services and Healthy People 2020.

75 Hours, 18 Babies, Dozens Of Women, And Me: Exploring Gynecological And Obstetrical Care In Bamako, Minnie Yordon

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Mali has the third highest total fertility rate in the world, with each woman having an average of 6.62 children in the year 2009. Gynecological and obstetrical care, therefore, plays a large role in the lives of these women; 70% of women attend at least one prenatal consultation over the course of their pregnancy, and a skilled attendant is present at approximately 50% of all births. In this paper, I seek a better understanding of gynecological and obstetrical care in Bamako, the capital, from the perspective of an Ob/Gyn, which often centers on pregnancy and childbirth. Based on real experiences …

Comparing Modelled Predictions Of Neonatal Mortality Impacts Using List With Observed Results Of Community-Based Intervention Trials In South Asia, Ingrid K. Friberg, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Gary L. Darmstadt, Abhay Bang, Simon Cousens, Abdullah H. Baqui, Vishwajeet Kumar, Neff Walker, Joy E. Lawn

Woman and Child Health

Background:There is an increasing body of evidence from trials suggesting that major reductions in neonatal mortality are possible through community-based interventions. Since these trials involve packages of varying content, determining how much of the observed mortality reduction is due to specific interventions is problematic. The Lives Saved Tool (LiST) is designed to facilitate programmatic prioritization by modelling mortality reductions related to increasing coverage of specific interventions which may be combined into packages.
Methods: To assess the validity of LiST outputs, we compared predictions generated by LiST with observed neonatal mortality reductions in trials of packages which met inclusion criteria …