Digital Commons Network^™

Costos Del Matrimonio—Negociaciones Maritales En Países En Vías De Desarrollo, Sajeda Amin, Ashish Bajracharya

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Durante las dos últimas décadas, el Population Council ha acumulado una cantidad de información sobre las causas y correlaciones del matrimonio infantil y documentó sus efectos adversos sobre el bienestar de las mujeres y niñas. En muchas partes de los países en vías de desarrollo, el hecho de comprender el matrimonio infantil es central a la hora de diseñar programas que promuevan transiciones saludables para la edad adulta. La investigación del Council subraya la importancia de los rituales y las prácticas de intercambio matrimonial en todo el mundo y documenta la variación considerable en estas prácticas. Promoción de transiciones a …

Abordar La Violencia Sexual Basada En El Género (Sgbv) Contra Niñas Adolescentes, Sajeda Amin, Althea D. Anderson

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

El trabajo exhaustivo del Population Council sobre espacios seguros de adolescentes y programas de vida ha demostrado los caminos para otorgarle poder a las niñas adolescentes y los beneficios sustanciales para la sociedad. El monitoreo y información de evaluación de estas iniciativas han producido evidencia empírica acerca de numerosas amenazas a la salud y bienestar de las niñas que se relacionan con las fuerzas sociales de la larga data y las emergentes. En países en desarrollo, donde el riesgo de resultados negativos de la salud sexual y reproductiva son altos y las niñas jóvenes están particularmente en alto riesgo, es …

Implementing The Janani Suraksha Yojana: Perspectives And Experiences Of Accredited Social Health Activists In Rajasthan, K.G. Santhya, Shireen J. Jejeebhoy, A.J. Francis Zavier

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This report is the result of an explanatory study of Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) conducted as part of a large-scale evaluation of the Janani Suraksha Yojana in rural and urban settings in Rajasthan. The findings of the study suggest training ASHAs more comprehensively about their rights and responsibilities, raising awareness of lesser known best practices regarding maternal and newborn care, emphasizing ASHA’s engagement in promoting postpartum care, and making special efforts to increase the credibility of ASHAs in the community.

The Role Of Policy And The Built Environment On Children's In-School Physical Activity In The Mississippi Delta, Abigail Gamble

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

School environments provide an ideal setting for children to develop and adopt active living behaviors as a way of life. The primary purpose of this investigation was to describe state, district and school level policy regarding in-school physical activity, the school built environment and in-school physical activity of children ages 6 through 11 years in the Mississippi delta. A mixed-methods approach was used to garner a rich understanding of how current policy and the built environment influence in-school physical activity and weight status. Eleven public schools in three districts representing two counties in the Mississippi delta participated in this investigation. …

The Prevalence Of Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking Among The General And Specific Populations: A Systematic Review, Elie A. Akl, Sameer K. Gunukula, Sohaib Aleem, Rawad Obeid, Philippe Jaoude, Roland Honeine, Jihad Irani

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

The objective of this study was to systematically review the medical literature for the prevalence of waterpipe tobacco use among the general and specific populations.

Methods

We electronically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the ISI the Web of Science. We selected studies using a two-stage duplicate and independent screening process. We included cohort studies and cross sectional studies assessing the prevalence of use of waterpipe in either the general population or a specific population of interest. Two reviewers used a standardized and pilot tested form to collect data from each eligible study using a duplicate and independent screening process. …

Cloudaligner: A Fast And Full-Featured Mapreduce Based Tool For Sequence Mapping, Tung Nguyen, Weisong Shi, Douglas Ruden

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Research in genetics has developed rapidly recently due to the aid of next generation sequencing (NGS). However, massively-parallel NGS produces enormous amounts of data, which leads to storage, compatibility, scalability, and performance issues. The Cloud Computing and MapReduce framework, which utilizes hundreds or thousands of shared computers to map sequencing reads quickly and efficiently to reference genome sequences, appears to be a very promising solution for these issues. Consequently, it has been adopted by many organizations recently, and the initial results are very promising. However, since these are only initial steps toward this trend, the developed software does …

Community-Based Participatory Research With Traditional And Indigenous Communities Of The Americas: Historical Context And Future Directions, Maria Pontes Ferreira, Fidji Gendron

Nutrition and Food Science Faculty Research Publications

Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is an investigative orientation that is gaining prominence in the fields of population and public health and among underserved community groups, such as traditional and indigenous peoples of the Americas. In this model, research questions are approached in a collaborative fashion with the community. The community of interest, not individual participants, is the research unit. Trained community members participate in the research process in an equitable fashion as full collaborators, not just as 'research participants'. Academic and other scientists, on the other hand, are not just 'objective investigators' but also active learners in this process. Cultural …

Action Anthropology And Pedagogy: University-Community Collaborations In Setting Policy, Sandra D. Lane, Robert A. Rubenstein, Lutchmie Narine, Inga Back, Caitlin Cornell, Alexander Hodgens

Falk College Research Center

This article describes a student-led, community-participatory project focused on reducing the burden of childhood lead poisoning in rental housing. A multidisciplinary group of students and faculty worked with community members. We compiled the social, public health, economic, and policy information on the human and fiscal costs of childhood lead poisoning. This analysis was done for community advocates to use to persuade policymakers to enact a local law strengthening the prevention of childhood lead poisoning in rental property. In conducting this work, the students gained experience in qualitative research methods, quantitative data analysis, the health consequences of lead exposure, health policy, …

Patient Empowerment And Multimodal Hand Hygiene Promotion: A Win-Win Strategy., Maryanne Mcguckin, Julie Storr, Yves Longtin, Benedetta Allegranzi, Didier Pittet

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

Patient empowerment is a new concept in health care that has now been extended to the domain of patient safety. Within the framework of the development of the new World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care, the authors conducted a review of the literature from 1997 to 2008 to identify the evidence supporting programs aimed at encouraging patients to take an active role in their care. Patient empowerment is an integral part of the WHO hand hygiene multimodal strategy. Hand hygiene promotion strategies that have demonstrated evidence of successfully empowering patients include one or all of …

Pertussis In Ohio: A Descriptive Analysis Of The 2010 Columbus Outbreak And Patterns Of A Reemerging Childhood Disease, Christopher Rohde

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Objective: In 2010, Columbus, Ohio experienced the largest outbreak of pertussis that it has had in the past 25 years. Similar outbreaks are occurring across the nation on an increasing basis. This descriptive study examines the 2010 outbreak and describes the demographics of the affected population. Comparison is made to previous and current pertussis incidence in Ohio and outbreaks elsewhere in the United States. Contributing factors to the increasing occurrence of pertussis outbreaks are discussed.

Methods: Raw data was obtained from the Columbus Public Health epidemiology department and is gathered through the Ohio Disease Reporting System (ODRS). Pertussis cases are …

Prevalence Of Obesity Among Head Start Preschoolers In Western Ohio, Angela Sims

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Objective: The intent of this study was to examine low income Head Start overweight and obese preschoolers, ages 3-5, in 8 western Ohio counties. Variables of interest included: obesity status, rural versus metropolitan location, home versus center-based Head Start, and access to physicians.

Methods: Data was collected retrospectively from the host Head Start site located in Piqua, Ohio. All Head Start enrolled preschoolers (N=1,181) ages 3 to 5 within the 8 western Ohio counties and 43 programs were studied. All children were considered of low income based on their acceptance into the Head Start program.

The data was retrieved from …

Evidence-Based Public Health Practices For Screening For Postpartum Depression, Roula Hilli

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Background: Five to 20 percent of the women worldwide suffer from Post Partum depression (PPD) which has serious negative impacts on the mother and her newborn. Although PPD is a preventive disease thorough screening using different tools, half of its cases are left undetected.

Purpose of the study: Is to find the best practice for PPD screening, which includes the best screening tool, best setting for screening, best administration period and the best cut-off score.

Methods: It is an Evidence-based Public Health (EBPH) review through a comparative study of 82 studies since 2005 that screened women for PPD in the …

Gaps And Strengths In Us Policies On Infant And Young Child Feeding: An Analysis Based On The Global Strategy On Infant And Young Child Feeding, Linda J. Smith

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

This research project reviews the evidence on the significance of infant and young child feeding to public health goals, analyzes US policy documents in relationship to the Global Strategy using the World Breastfeeding Trends Initiative (WBTi) to quantify the findings into a national score, and then summarizes the gaps and strengths in US policies and makes recommendations. Using the WBTi scoring system, strengths for the US exist in national policy, Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative, monitoring and evaluation, and complementary feeding. Mother support and community outreach, information and support were moderate. Gaps exist in policies on infant feeding in emergencies and for …

Determining Evidence-Based Practices In Asthma Management, Erin Smiley

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Objective: One aim of this study will focus on determining what are evidence-based studies in asthma control. A second aim focuses on determining which asthma interventions, self-monitoring tools and asthma management programs have shown to be the most significant in improving outcomes in patients with asthma. Recommendations will be made to future asthma self-management programs based on the findings.

Methodology: The review of 15 evidence-based research studies is used to identify and analyze the best asthma self-management practices to be implemented in a community health education program. Using the Brownson framework a weighting schema was created based on the level …

One Student One Family And The Mozambique Eyecare Project, Stephen Thompson, Aoife Phelan, Tatiana Santana, Elizebete Catarino, Vivien Ocampo, Cesar Faria, James Loughman

Articles

Background - The Mozambique Eyecare Programme is funded by Irish Aid and designed to address the need for optometric education in Lusophone Africa. It is a multi-partner collaboration between Universidade Lúrio, Mozambique, Technological University Dublin, Ireland, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland, and The International Centre for Eyecare Education (ICEE) an international Non Government Organisation. A key output from the programme is the development of an optometry school based at Universidade Lúrio, the first of its kind in Mozambique. The aim is to address unmet eye care needs through human resource development.

All students enrolled at Universidade Lúrio, including the optometry …

Proposition 26: The Cost To All Women, Emma S. Ketteringham, Allison Korn, Lynn M. Paltrow

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Acute Impact Of Moderate-Intensity And Vigorous-Intensity Exercise Bouts On Daily Physical Activity Energy Expenditure In Postmenopausal Women, Xuewen Wang, Barbara J. Nicklas

Faculty Publications

This study determined whether performing a single moderate- or vigorous-intensity exercise bout impacts daily physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE, by accelerometer). Overweight/obese postmenopausal women underwent a 5-month caloric restriction and moderate- (n = 18) or vigorous-intensity (n = 18) center-based aerobic exercise intervention. During the last month of intervention, in women performing moderate-intensity exercise, PAEE on days with exercise (577.7 ± 219.7 kcal·d⁻¹) was higher (P = .011) than on days without exercise (450.7 ± 140.5 kcal·d⁻¹); however, the difference (127.0 ± 188.1 kcal·d⁻¹) was much lower than the energy expended …

Evaluation Of Health Newsletters As A Motivational Tool To Promote Exercise, Jolene Schlegel

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Little is known about the relationship between SagePlus newsletters and its effectiveness to motivate physical activity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of the SagePlus newsletter and its ability to motivate participants to achieve their goals to increase physical activity. A nonexperimental, descriptive correlational design was used in this study. Calls were made until the list of potential participants was exhausted. Forty English speaking participants were contacted and agreed to participate in the telephone survey from a potential list of 190 women enrolled in the SagePlus program. A modified questionnaire containing 19 multiple-choice and one open-ended …

Summary Of Findings Health Status Of Children Entering Kindergarten: Results Of The 2010-2011 (Year Three) Nevada Kindergarten Health Survey, Nevada Institute For Children's Research And Policy Reports

Nevada Institute for Children's Research and Policy Reports

Academic achievement for children is vital to their success in life. Those that do well in school have greater opportunities for post-secondary education, and later have better prospects for employment. One of the major factors that can affect a child’s academic achievement is his or her health status. Academic outcomes and health conditions are consistently linked in the literature (Taras & Potts-Datema, 2005). Children with poor health status, and especially those with common chronic health conditions, have increased numbers of school absences and more academic deficiencies (Taras & Potts-Datema, 2005). In a study concerning excused versus unexcused absences, children with …

United Airways Disease Among Florists, Muge Akpinar-Elci, Omur C. Elci, Aygul Odabasi

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Previously we observed an excess risk for occupational asthma among florists with rhinitis. To further evaluate the link between upper and lower airways, we investigated united airways disease in the same occupational group. Occupational history, symptoms and atopy were investigated among 128 florists. Age-, smoking-, and gender-adjusted risks were calculated using logistic regression models comparing symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. The prevalence of work-related rhinitis symptoms was 13.3%, conjunctivitis symptoms and asthma-like symptoms were 14.1%. We observed an excess risk of work-related asthma symptoms among florists with work-related conjunctivitis (OR: 8.5, 95% CI: 2.4-29.9) and rhinitis (OR: 13.1, 95% CI: 3.0- …

Efficacy Of The Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccine, Rotateq (Rv5), Between Doses Of A 3-Dose Series And With Less Than 3 Doses (Incomplete Regimen), Penelope D. Dennehy, Timo Vesikari, David O. Matson, Robbin F. Itzler, Michael J. Dallas, Michelle G. Goveia, Mark J. Dinubile, Penny M. Heaton, Max Ciarlet

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Post-hoc analyses of the Rotavirus Efficacy and Safety Trial (RES T) were conducted to determine whether the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) confers early protection against rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) before completion of the 3-dose regimen. To evaluate the efficacy of RV5 between doses in reducing the rates of RVGE-related hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits in infants who ultimately received all 3 doses of RV5/placebo, events occurring from 2 weeks after the first and second doses to receipt of the subsequent dose (Analysis A) and events occurring from 2 weeks after the first and second doses to 2 weeks after the …

Alcohol Consumption In Lusaka Urban District, Zambia: A Population Based Survey, 2007, Selestine H. Nzala, Olusegun Babaniyi, Peter Songolo, Adamson S. Muula, Emmanuel Rudatsikira, Seter Siziya

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Alcohol use is an important preventable risk factor for several non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and injuries that is related to lifestyle choices. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of alcohol consumption and its correlates. A cross sectional study utilizing a WHO stepwise approach to surveillance of NCDs was conducted in Lusaka district, Zambia. Current alcohol consumption was defined as having consumed alcohol in the previous 30 days to the survey. Complex samples logistic regression was used to determine independent predictors. A total of 1928 individuals participated in the survey. A third of the participants were males and …

Demographic, Cultural, And Environmental Factors Associated With Frequency And Severity Of Malnutrition Among Zambian Children Less Than Five Years Of Age, Selestine H. Nzalal, Seter Siyizal, Olusegun Babaniyi, Peter Songolo, Adamson S. Muula, Emmanuel Radatsikira

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Under-nutrition prevents growth and development in children and is the leading factor to illness and death among children less than five years of age in developing countries. The objective of the study was to determine associations of demographic, cultural and environmental factors with frequency and severity of malnutrition among children less than five years of age in Zambia. We used data from the Zambia multiple indicator cluster survey (MICS) from years of 1999 to 2000. Altogether 6,142 children participated in the survey. The prevalence rates for being "underweight", "stunted" and "wasted" were 17.6, 37.5 and 4.1%, respectively. Compared to children …

Prevalence Of Hypertension And Its Correlates In Lusaka Urban District Of Zambia: A Population Based Survey, Fastone M. Goma, Selestine H. Nzala, Olusegun Babaniyi, Peter Songolo, Cosmos Zyaambo, Emmanuel Rudatsikira, Seter Siziya, Adamson S. Muula

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background

Hypertension is a leading cause for ill-health, premature mortality and disability. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors for hypertension in Lusaka, Zambia.

Methods

A cross sectional study was conducted. Odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated to assess relationships between hypertension and explanatory variables.

Results

A total of 1928 individuals participated in the survey, of which 33.0% were males. About a third of the respondents had attained secondary level education (35.8%), and 20.6% of males and 48.6% of females were overweight or obese. The prevalence for hypertension was 34.8% (38.0% …

Prevalence And Socio-Demographic Correlates For Serious Injury Among Adolescents Participating In The Djibouti 2007 Global School-Based Health Survey, Adamson S. Muula, Seter Siziya, Emmanuel Rudatsikira

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background

Mental health and injury are neglected public health issues especially in low-income nations. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and socio-demographic correlates for serious injury in the last 12 months.

Findings

The study used data of the 2007 Djibouti Global School-based Health Survey. Logistic regression analysis was used to establish associations. Of the 1, 777 respondents, 61.1% (63.2% males and 57.8% females) reported having sustained serious injury (SSI). Compared to participants who were not bullied, those who reported being bullied 3-9 days per month were more likely to have sustained serious injury in the last …

2011 Legislative Briefing Book, Nevada Institute For Children’S Research And Policy, Unlv, School Of Community Health Sciences, Denise Tanata Ashby, Amanda Haboush, Stefanie Molicki, Tara Phebus, Kari Wolkwitz, Amie Fender

Nevada Institute for Children's Research and Policy Reports

The purpose of this Legislative Briefing Book is to provide a quick snapshot of some of the most pressing issues facing Nevada’s children in order to provide advocates and policymakers with a stepping stone in creating positive changes to improve the lives of Nevada’s children. While this book will not cover every issue facing our children, it is intended to highlight some of those where state policy may have an impact, covering issues in education, health, safety and security, and the juvenile justice system. Diligent efforts need to be made during the 2013 Legislative Session to improve policies, procedures and …

Public Health Bill Draft Requests - 2011 Nv Legislative Session, Nevada Institute For Children's Research And Policy Reports

Nevada Institute for Children's Research and Policy Reports

Public Health Bill Draft Requests - 2011 NV Legislative Session

La Démarche Du Population Council: Promouvoir La Santé, La Sécurité Et La Productivité Transitions Vers L'Âge Adulte, Population Council

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Ce document “Promouvoir des transitions vers l’âge adulte saines, securisées et productives” donne un aperçu de l’attention du Population Council sur les adolescents qui a commencé au début des années 1990. L'accent a été accompagné d'un engagement à ouvrir le champ des études et des programmes consacrés aux adolescents en élargissant le simple domaine de la sexualité, de la santé génésique et des comportements aux grandes questions sociales et économiques qui sous-tendent la santé et le bien-être des adolescents. En 1998, avec la publication de The Uncharted Passage—un examen de référence de la situation des adolescentes dans les pays en …

Summary Of Findings From The 2011 Child Death Review Annual Report, Nevada Institute For Children's Research And Policy Reports

Nevada Institute for Children's Research and Policy Reports

The 2011 Annual Report of Child Deaths in Clark County, Nevada provides data regarding all infant, child, and fetal (over 20 weeks gestation) deaths occurring in Clark County in 2011. This represents the second year that the Child Death Review Team in Clark County reviewed 100% of the child deaths referred to the team by the Clark County Office of the Coroner/Medical Examiner; this includes all natural deaths, as well as all accidents, homicides, suicides, and undetermined cases. The team also reviewed all fetal deaths over 20 weeks gestation.

Chronic Health Conditions Of Individuals In Public Housing, Alicia A. Arnett

Theses and Dissertations--Nutrition and Food Systems

A majority of low-income individuals living in public housing today are working or receiving some kind of assistance, but still struggle to make ends meet. Previous studies show that cost and availability are barriers to healthy eating for low-income individuals. The purpose of this study was to determine relationships among nutrition habits, health status, sources of income, and food and living resources for low-income residents in public housing. The study utilizes data collected over five years on the impact of the revitalization of the families. The sample was randomly selected from residents of the housing property in a Kentucky city. …