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Association Between Family Structure And Childhood Obesity In Essex County, Nj., Chima Tony Onyeagoro

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Obesity is one of the most prevalent nutritional disorders in children in the United States. There are many factors associated with childhood obesity, but there is limited information about the association between family structure and childhood obesity. This quantitative retrospective cross-sectional study, guided by the Social Ecological Model, was carried out to identify the effect of family structure on childhood obesity. For this study, the 2017 National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) of children 6-13 years old residing in the state of New Jersey was analyzed. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between family structure and obesity, …

Children's Body Mass Index Before And After Covid-19 Related Childcare Center Closures, Ericka L. Peterson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Prolonged childcare center closures due to COVID-19 restrictions have changed children’s health-related behaviors that may result in an increased risk in childhood obesity. Grounded in the social ecological model, the purpose of this study was to examine the differences in body mass index (BMI), physical activity, consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), and screen time among preschool aged children enrolled in the Merced County Office of Education Head Start program before and after COVID-19 related Head Start center closures. A quantitative, longitudinal study design using secondary data from ChildPlus was used. The paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to …

Treatment Outcomes And Associated Factors In Tb/Hiv-Coinfected Patients In Namibia, Esland Shilongo

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractHIV and TB have merged into a deadly co-epidemic in Namibia. Currently, though, TB and HIV data at the national, regional, and district level might be underreported and insufficient to understand the full burden and outcome rates of TB and HIV. Targeting the TB outcomes rate among TB/HIV-coinfected individuals is an effective strategy for decreasing future TB burden and furthering the gains in the control of both diseases. The objective of this study was: to assess the outcomes of patients registered for anti-TB treatment in //Karas Region which has the largests burden of TB in Namibia. A 5-year retrospective cohort …

Prophylactic Antimalarial Intermittent Preventive Therapy In Pregnancy And Birth Weight In Togo, Epiphane Awokou

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In Togo, prophylactic antimalarial intermittent preventive therapy in pregnancy (IPTp) is provided to disrupt suboptimal pathways leading to the issue of low birth weight. However, there is a lack of nationally representative data on the determinants of this adverse birth outcome. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to determine pregnancy-related determinants of low birth weight through a nationally representative dataset. Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems model guided this study to explore potential associations between the covariates IPTp, utilization of long-lasting insecticidal bed nets, age of pregnant women, socioeconomic status of pregnant women, and gravidity type of pregnant women and the …

Assessing Violence And Mental Health With The 2019 Nevada Youth Risk Behavioral Survey, Samantha Graham

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The effects from childhood trauma can interfere in all aspects of a child’s life, including their education. School delivery systems need to be trained to identify these risks and how to reduce further risks of re-traumatization by applying trauma-informed practices. This study addressed the impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on mental health and behavioral issues. The study was guided by Bandura’s social cognitive theory and the socioecological model. The correlation between ACEs and mental health as well as ACEs and physical violence were examined based on data from the 2019 Nevada Youth Risk Behavioral Survey, which was a high …

Marijuana Legalization And Depression Effects On Marijuana Use In African American Late Adolescents, Anthony Olusegun Iroko

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

State medical marijuana legalization (MML) may contribute to increased cannabis use among older adolescents, especially African American youth and adolescents with depression. This quantitative cross-sectional correlational study, which utilized Smart’s availability-proneness theory of drug use as a guiding framework, had a two-fold purpose: to determine if state MML status and self-reported depression were significantly related to past-month marijuana use and to assess if state MML status significantly moderated between depression and past-month marijuana use. The study utilized data from 1,391 African American late adolescents (aged 16-20) who participated in the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Binary logistic …

Peripherally Restricted Delivery System Provides Insights On The Role Of Cns In Precipitating Opioid-Induced Constipation, Dengpan Liang

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

A serious opioid crisis is affecting public health and economics, eroding people’s quality of life. 80% of patients who receive opioids suffer from adverse effects such as Opioid-induced constipation (OIC). However, there is no efficient medicine for these adverse effects. Notably, mainstream theory supports that analgesia effects are mainly controlled by CNS while OIC is predominately controlled by peripheral. In addition, the sites of action of opioid was based on the assumption that mu-opioid receptor antagonists (PAMORAs), did not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Unfortunately, the BBB crossing of PAMORAs mislead the understanding of the role of the central nervous …

Determining Effective Treatment Regimens For Breast Cancer Using Combined Immunotherapy And Chemotherapy In Vivo, Akhila R. Kunuthuru, Laura Graham, Harry D. Bear Md, Phd

UROP Posters

Breast cancer has the highest incidence rate of all cancers globally in women, and those of African descent, especially West African females, face higher rates of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a more aggressive form of breast cancer. Immunotherapy for breast cancer is a relatively new treatment option, and research is ongoing to identify the best combination treatments for increasing survival of those diagnosed with TNBC. Eganelisib (IPI-549: a PI3K-gamma inhibitor that works to shift M2 macrophages to M1 to augment T cell function) with other combinatory treatments has shown promising results in reducing tumor growth and increasing survival in mice. …

Microbial Contamination And Metabolite Exposure Assessment During Waste And Recyclable Material Collection, Fabiola Salambaga, Loïc Wingert, Isabelle Valois, Nancy Lacombe, François Gouin, Julien Trépanier, Maximilien Debia, Ewelina Soszczyńska, Magdalena Twarużek, Robert Kosicki, Marta Dias, Susana Viegas, Liliana Caetano, Carla Viegas, Geneviève Marchand

Études primaires

Waste workers are exposed to bioaerosols when handling, lifting and dumping garbage. Bioaerosol exposure has been linked to health problems such as asthma, airway irritant symptoms, infectious, gastrointestinal and skin diseases, and cancer. Our objective was to characterize the exposure of urban collectors and drivers to inhalable bioaerosols and to measured the cytotoxic effect of air samples in order to evaluate their health risk.

Personal and ambient air sampling were conducted during the summer of 2019. Workers from 12 waste trucks collecting recyclables, organic waste or compost were evaluated. Bacteria and fungi were cultured, molecular biology methods were used to …

Identification Of Biomarkers For The Prediction Of Radiation Toxicity In Prostate Cancer Patients, Daniel Cullen

Doctoral

The success of radiotherapy in tumour control depends on the total dose given. However, the tolerance of the normal tissues surrounding the tumour limits this dose. It is not known why some patients develop radiation toxicity and, currently, it is not possible to predict before treatment which patients will experience adverse effects. Thus, there is an unmet clinical need for a new test to identify patients at risk of radiation toxicity. The aim of this study was to determine if spectral variations in blood lymphocytes from PCa patients may suggest Raman spectral bands that could be used in future research …

Exploring Factors Associated With The Eating Behaviours And Influences On Food Choice In Irish Teens, Aisling Daly

Doctoral

Aim The aim of this research was to understand the eating behaviour traits and food choice motivations of Irish teens, and to investigate the social, psychological, and attitudinal determinants of these eating behaviour traits and influences on food choice.

Methods Mixed methods were used in this research, using quantitative analysis of data from the National Teens’ Food Survey II (NTFSII), a cross-sectional study of teens aged 13-18 years old (N=428). Data predominantly came from the TFEQ-r18 and VARSEEK tools for eating behaviour traits, and the FCQ tool for food choice motivations, as well as socio-demographics, anthropometrics, behaviour/attitudes and dietary intakes. …

Covid-19 Vaccination In Palestine/Israel: Citizenship, Capitalism, And The Logic Of Elimination, Nicolas Howard, Emily Schneider

Sociology & Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

Despite Israel’s responsibility under international law to combat the spread of contagious diseases and epidemics in its occupied territories, Israeli officials have refused to distribute COVID-19 vaccines to Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Through a critical discourse analysis of Israeli officials’ statements regarding Israel’s COVID-19 vaccination campaign, this paper explores how Israel evades this responsibility while presenting itself as committed to public health and human rights. We find that Israeli officials strategically present Palestinians as an autonomous nation when discussing COVID-19 vaccinations, despite Israel’s ongoing attempts to prevent the creation of a Palestinian state. Relatedly, Israel justifies …

Regional Variations In The Incidence Of Brain Glioma In Adults In Alabama, Mina Lobbous

All ETDs from UAB

Purpose: Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumor in adults in the US with an annual age-adjusted incidence rate of 4.67 to 5.73 per 100,000 persons. Exposure to ioniz-ing radiation is the only established risk factor for non-hereditary glioma risk. There are several sources of carcinogenic contaminants in northeast Alabama and western Georgia with the Coosa River serving as the region’s primary water source. In this study, we aimed to examine the incidence rate of glioma in northeast Alabama compared to the rest of the state as well as the association of possible environmental exposure on disease risk and …

Spike-And-Slab Additive Models And Scalable Algorithms For High Dimensional Data Analysis, Boyi Guo

All ETDs from UAB

There are proposals that extend classical additive models (AMs) to accommodate high-dimensional data (p >> n) using group sparse regularization. However, the sparse regularization may induce excess shrinkage when estimating smooth functions, damaging predictive performance. Moreover, most of these AMs consider an “all-in-allout” approach for functional selection, rendering them difficult to answer if nonlinear effects are necessary. While some Bayesian models can address these shortcomings, model fitting can create a new challenge, scalability. In this dissertation, we propose Bayesian hierarchical additive models to address the previous shortcomings: we consider the smoothing penalty for proper shrinkage of curve interpolation via reparameterization. A …

History Of Allergy, Atopy, Infectious And Autoimmune Disease And Risk Of Multiple Myeloma, Tony B. Zbysinski

All ETDs from UAB

Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy, which is defined in part by antibodies and complexes of immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy and light chains (IgH and IgL). Previous associations of immune-stimulating conditions such as allergic, autoimmune, and infectious conditions and the risk of multiple myeloma (MM) are inconsistent. However, these studies were conducted in populations of European ancestry, leaving the possibility that these conditions may contribute to the excess risk of plasma cell proliferative disorders observed among Black Americans. Therefore, we assessed MGUS, a precursor condition to myeloma, and MM risk related to a history of allergy, atopy, infections and …

Characterizing Occupational Status History And Assessing Occupational Status As A Social Determinant Of Health In The Deceased Organ Donor Population, Nicole F. Pelletier

All ETDs from UAB

Transplant physicians review clinical data ranging from laboratory values to substance use history and use prediction models combining these factors, along with previous recipient outcomes, to evaluate deceased organ donors for organ suitability. Factors such as social determinants of health (SDOH) are not currently included in prediction models, despite evidence of relationships between SDOH and health outcomes in the general population. Occupational status is a SDOH routinely collected at the time of donation and stored in DonorNet, but not yet characterized in the deceased donor population. Despite well-documented relationships between occupational status and health outcomes in the general population, these …

Evaluation Of A Living Shoreline Technique On A Southeastern United States Reservoir, Eric V. Muth

All ETDs from UAB

The impoundment of rivers in the southeastern United States has led to the creation of reservoirs that have seen the riparian zone become heavily developed with residential real estate. As the hybrid river/lake systems started forming new shorelines, property owners reacted by attempting to reduce their losses. This has been done in a variety of ways, with the majority falling into the bulkhead category. The use of vertical hard armament has resulted in a loss of ecological function and an increase in erosion of the lakebed at the toe or escarpment. In response to this, the idea was proposed by …

It Permeated Everything: A Lived Experience Of Slow Violence And Toxicological Disaster, Tara Jo Holmberg

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

Impacts of disasters on individuals are dependent on numerous factors: local to international political dynamics, socioeconomics, geography, educational background, and outside support among others. Currently, much of disaster research focuses on those of natural origin, acute and large-scale environmental events, emergency management, and the ability of individuals, communities, and societies to prepare for, and recover from, likely known disasters in their region. However, there is a lack of data about individual experiences through ‘invisible’ anthropogenic disasters, especially those that fall under the umbrella of slow environmental violence (Davies, 2019; Rice, 2016). Through critical phenomenological autoethnography, I examine an individual experience …

Differences In Health Literacy And Healthcare Utilization For Uninsured Patients With Type Ii Diabetes, Whitney Key Towey

Dissertations

Un- and under-insured individuals have lower access and less health literacy than their insured counterparts. This is a major public health problem as lower health literacy leads to unhealthy communities which have higher chronic disease rates. This quantitative dissertation uses data from a public health hospital system to understand the relationship between health literacy and healthcare utilization. The Andersen Model has been applied to determine whether, or to what extent, health literacy explains the relationship between the identified predisposing and enabling factors and the outcomes of appropriate utilization of care by controlling for variables associated with health literacy. A sample …

Comparison Of Schedules, Stress, Sleep Problems, Fatigue, Mental Health And Well-Being Of Low Cost And Network Carrier Pilots, Marion Venus

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Objective

This research investigates and compares working-conditions, duty rosters, stress, sleep problems, fatigue levels, mental health, and well-being of pilots working for network (NWCs), and low-cost carriers (LCCs). This study extends previous research by investigating working conditions, pilots’ actual rosters, fatigue and mental health of two groups of pilots flying for LCC or NWC.

Method

A comprehensive cross-sectional online survey was completed by N=338 pilots (185 NWC, 153 LCC pilots). All pilots reported their roster data of the last 2 months during peak flight season, psychosocial and work-related stress (e.g., high job insecurity, less total flight-experience, lower income, more time …

“Someone You Love” Documentary: Using Narratives In Entertainment Media To Increase Hpv Vaccination In Georgia, Gabrielle C. Darville- Sanders, Jann Macinnes, Kelsey Schwarz

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

Background: Although HPV is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States, vaccination rates are still lagging among adolescents and young adults. Entertainment-education is a popular strategy for incorporating educational messages into entertainment media. With popular shows on television now integrating health messages into their narrative, there are more opportunities to influence knowledge, attitude and health behaviors. Objective: To (a) determine the effectiveness of the HPV narrative included in the “Someone You love” documentary on HPV risk perception, vaccine self-efficacy and behavioral intention for HPV vaccine uptake on college students and (b) assess the immediate impact of the …

Decontamination Of Geobacillus Stearothermophilus Using The Arca Aerosolized Hydrogen Peroxide Decontamination System, Loren Benjamin Mead, Tanner Mathison, Garry Osborne, Anne Marie Richards

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: In response to the limited supply of personal protective equipment during the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, recent studies demonstrate that gaseous H2O2 is an effective decontaminant of N95 filtering facepiece respirators to enable reuse of these items in a clinical setting. This paper evaluates the efficacy of the Arca Aerosolized Hydrogen Peroxide Decontamination System (Arca), a novel aerosolized H2O2 decontamination system, using biologic indicator testing.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Arca produces and circulates H2O2 aerosol inside of a sealed stainless steel chamber. The Arca's decontamination efficacy was evaluated in 8 decontamination trials with 2 H2O2 concentrations (3% and 12%) …

High-Resolution Metabolomics Of Exposure To Tobacco Smoke During Pregnancy And Adverse Birth Outcomes In The Atlanta African American Maternal-Child Cohort, Youran Tan, Dana Boyd Barr, P Barry Ryan, Veronika Fedirko, Jeremy A Sarnat, Audrey J Gaskins, Che-Jung Chang, Ziyin Tang, Carmen J Marsit, Elizabeth J Corwin, Dean P Jones, Anne L Dunlop, Donghai Liang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy has been associated with a series of adverse reproductive outcomes; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well-established. We conducted an untargeted metabolome-wide association study to identify the metabolic perturbations and molecular mechanisms underlying the association between cotinine, a widely used biomarker of tobacco exposure, and adverse birth outcomes. We collected early and late pregnancy urine samples for cotinine measurement and serum samples for high-resolution metabolomics (HRM) profiling from 105 pregnant women from the Atlanta African American Maternal-Child cohort (2014-2016). Maternal metabolome perturbations mediating prenatal tobacco smoke exposure and adverse birth outcomes were assessed …

Toward A Topology-Based Therapeutic Design Of Membrane Proteins: Validation Of Napi2b Topology In Live Ovarian Cancer Cells, Leisan Bulatova, Daria Savenkova, Alsina Nurgalieva, Daria Reshetnikova, Arina Timonina, Vera Skripova, Mikhail Bogdanov, Ramziya Kiyamova

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

NaPi2b is a sodium-dependent phosphate transporter that belongs to the SLC34 family of transporters which is mainly responsible for phosphate homeostasis in humans. Although NaPi2b is widely expressed in normal tissues, its overexpression has been demonstrated in ovarian, lung, and other cancers. A valuable set of antibodies, including L2 (20/3) and MX35, and its humanized versions react strongly with an antigen on the surface of ovarian and other carcinoma cells. Although the topology of NaPi2b was predicted

Substance Use Pattern Among Undergraduate College Students In Bandung, Indonesia, Nafisah Putri Wyangsari

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Substance use is still one of the major concerns of public health challenges, due to ranging consequences such as physical health, mental health, social, and economy affecting both individual and other people. Youth are a major human resource for country’s development. Findings reported substance use among youth kept increasing over the period, putting youth in a greater risk of developing physical disease, disabilities, and even death. To plan better intervention, study about substance use pattern among youth is required. Study aims to explore substance use pattern among undergraduate college students in Bandung. A cross-sectional study was conducted on May - …

Effect Of Indoor Air Quality In Residential Environment On Depression, Anxiey, And Stress Among Chronic Respiratory Disease Patients: A Longitudinal Study In Bangkok, Thailand, Wee Mekwilai

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This one-year longitudinal study in Bangkok assessed the impact of indoor air quality on psychological symptoms among respiratory patients from Chulalongkorn Hospital. Data collection involved 12-month follow-ups (January to December 2022), using the ChulaAir mobile application to retrieve background characteristics, respiratory health, and psychological symptoms. Home IAQ sensors measured indoor air quality factors. Off 100 eligible respiratory patients, 98 completed baseline data. However, 29 homes were ultimately counted into the final analysis for indoor air quality.Psychological problems were prevalent, with stress at 22.2%, depression, anxiety at 19.0%. The averages PM2.5, PM10, CO2, VOCs, temperature, and relative humidity were respectively 14.61 …

Associated Factors Of Completed Suicide Among Attempted Suicide Cases In Chaiyaphum Province, Thailand During 2018 – 2021: A Secondary Data Analysis, Pattarachai Simaroj

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Suicide is a cause of death with impact emotional and societal costs, although it is a generally preventable cause of death and a critical global public health issue. In Thailand, the suicide rate is on the uptrend, and Chaiyaphum province is also one of the provinces that face this lethal phenomenon. However, there are very few studies about suicide cases in Chaiyaphum province. Therefore, this current study aimed to evaluate the associated factors with completed suicide cases in Chaiyaphum province. This study used the registry-based data of completed suicide and attempted suicide cases in the self-harm surveillance database of Thailand …

Knowledge, Attitude, And Practice Towards Menstrual Hygiene Management Among Junior High School Female Students In Tangerang District, Indonesia, Wihdaturrahmah Mah

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Menstrual Hygiene Management still become public health challenges in Low-Middle Income Countries, including Indonesia. It is an essential issue for girls and women in order to fulfil their rights and it is part of Sustainable Development Goals. Indonesia have reached a large proportion of water service in all kinds of schools, but sanitation and hygiene services are still problem. Inaccurate information, social cultural norms (myth/misconception) and beliefs are still widespread in the midst of female students. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the practice on Menstrual Hygiene Management and its factors associated such sociodemographic characteristics, source of information …

Assessing Impacts Of Government Financial Support Program During Covid-19 (Thai Government’S 50:50 Co-Payment Scheme) On Suicide Ideation: A Secondary Data Analysis Of Pre-Post Study Design In 2022, Boonyawee Yeeluk

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Introduction: Suicide is a leading course of mortality worldwide including Thailand. Economic crisis leads to the mental health disorder including suicide ideation in general population. The COVID-19 pandemic triggered global and country economic crisis which worsen individual income. Thai government launched the government financial support namely Thai government's 50:50 co-payment scheme to not only unburden the expenditure but also reduce the economic stressor of Thai population. However, few studies have assessed the mental health disorder including suicide ideation among the government financial support recipients.Objective: To compare suicide ideation scores between before and after the fourth phase of Thai government’s 50:50 …

Associated Factors Among Confirmed Covid-19 Cases And Telemedicine Treatment Outcome During The Third Wave Of Covid-19 In Myanmar: A Secondary Data Analysis, Hein Thu

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Background - COVID-19 pandemic effects on the health, economy, and society - worldwide. Millions of people around the world have been infected by the virus, which has killed hundreds of, thousands of people. COVID-19 has a wide range of clinical manifestations and progression. Fever, dry cough, fatigue, myalgia, headache, sore throat, abdominal pain, and diarrhea are common symptoms reported. Hospitalization and severity of COVID-19 were strongly correlated with the presence of certain co-morbidities. Telemedicine has emerged as a vital tool in the COVID-19 era, addressing several pressing challenges faced by healthcare systems. The widespread adoption of telemedicine during the COVID-19 …