Digital Commons Network^™

The Association Between Body Mass Index And Dental Caries In Hispanic Elementary School Children, Mary Creske

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background: Dental caries is the most common chronic disease of children ages 6 to 11. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 41% of the children in this age group experience decay in their primary teeth. Since 1980 the number of overweight children ages 6 to 11 has doubled. Childhood obesity is currently the most prevalent nutritional condition of children in the U.S.

Purpose: The purpose of this observational study was to determine if there is an association between childhood dental caries and childhood obesity. The study also explored the effects of diet and other covariates.

Method: …

Self-Reported Exercise And Risk Of Osteoporosis In Prostate Cancer Patients Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy, Lori J. Mennen-Winchell

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Prostate cancer is stimulated to grow in response to testosterone. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) leads to chemical castration and suppression of prostate cancer cell production. Testosterone levels less then 300ng/ml decreases bone mineral density and could result in osteoporosis. Studies have shown that during the first year of ADT, fracture risk, mainly in hips and spine increases about 50%. In men, 40% of hip fractures result in death. Exercise may reduce the risk of osteoporosis and thus contribute to the prevention of hip and other fractures. There is limited data regarding whether exercise is associated with a reduced risk of …

Factors That Inhibit Or Enhance Maternal Coping With Stillbirth In Chhattisgarh, India, Lisa R. Roberts

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background: Over half of the known stillbirths occur in four highly populated countries—India among them. While acknowledged as a significant public health issue in western societies, little is known about maternal coping with stillbirth in developing countries. The purpose of this mixed methods study is to explore how issues of gender and power, social support, coping efforts, and religious beliefs influence perinatal grief outcomes among poor women in rural Chhattisgarh, India.

Methods: In Phase 1 of this mixed methods study, grounded theory methods were used to explore perceptions regarding stillbirth. A de-identified medical records review of 536 deliveries at Christian …

Examining Dietary Acculturation In Hispanic Males Residing In South Mississippi, Diana Katherine Cuy Castellanos

Dissertations

This study explored dietary behavior in terms of dietary intake, dietary intake change and dietary contributing factors in a sample of Hispanic males residing in southern Mississippi that are at various stages of the acculturation process. Grounded theory and the bidimensional acculturation model were incorporated to identify the dietary factors and assess acculturation in each participant. Qualitative and quantitative measures were used in data collection. Qualitative measurements included Semistructured interviews, a focus group, and photovoice with group interviews. The ARSMA-II, Marginality Scale, Fruit/Vegetable and Fat Food Screeners, a psychosocial dietary questionnaire, and the New Vital Signs Food Label for Health …

Trends Over 5 Decades In U.S. Occupation-Related Physical Activity And Their Associations With Obesity, Timothy S. Church, Diana M. Thomas, Catrine Tudor-Locke, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Conrad P. Earnest, Ruben Q. Rodarte, Corby K. Martin, Steven N. Blair, Claude Bouchard

Faculty Publications

Background: The true causes of the obesity epidemic are not well understood and there are few longitudinal population-based data published examining this issue. The objective of this analysis was to examine trends in occupational physical activity during the past 5 decades and explore how these trends relate to concurrent changes in body weight in the U.S.

Methodology/Principle Findings: Analysis of energy expenditure for occupations in U.S. private industry since 1960 using data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Mean body weight was derived from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). In the early 1960's almost half …

Nutrition And Fitness Guide For Graduating Student-Athletes, Anna Fukunaga

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

For the last four years of your life, you have been supported by strength coaches, academic advisors, athletic trainers, tutors, mentors, and coaches. Your life is dedicated to your sport, and your body is molded into the ideal build to compete at the highest level you can achieve. As soon as your competitive days are over, your life dramatically changes and the needs of your body change as well. Because you typically do not sustain the same level of activity, you do not have the same nutritional needs. The demands you place on your body for your sport are higher …

The Importance Of Metrics And Communication In Cafeteria School Policy, Andre Sanchez, Atreya Chakraborty

Interdisciplinary Perspectives: a Graduate Student Research Showcase

Obesity has become an epidemic amongst American youth in the 21st century, and is spreading not only into other developed nations such as the UK and Australia, but is also beginning to effect developing nations such as India (Bhardwaj, 2008). It is estimated that nationwide, childhood obesity affects around 17% of American children (Center For Disease Control, 2011). Obesity has been linked to many health disorders, including but not limited to, heart disease and diabetes. Subsequently, this rise in childhood obesity is having a severe impact on the healthcare services sector in America, with some studies suggesting childhood obesity in …

Profil Lipid, Peroksidasi Lipid, Dan Status Inflamatif Wanita Penderita Sindrom Metabolik, Hery Winarsi, Siwi P.M. Wijayanti, Agus Purwanto

Kesmas

Prevalensi sindrom metabolik (SM) di Indonesia (13,13%) tergolong tinggi dengan kecenderungan terus meningkat. Salah satu akibat SM adalah disfungsi endotel, sebagai awal penyakit kardiovaskuler yang diinduksi oleh stres oksidatif dan inflamatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi profil lipid, peroksidasi lipid, dan marker inflamasi pada wanita penderita SM di Purwokerto. Sebanyak 30 wanita dengan kadar gula darah di atas normal, obesitas body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m2, dan berusia 40-65 tahun dilibatkan sebagai responden yang dipilih melalui survei di Poliklinik Penyakit Dalam Rumah Sakit Margono Soekarjo. Kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, malondialdehid, dan plasma C-reactive protein …

Tuberkulosis Paru Di Palembang, Sumatera Selatan, Hery Unita Versitaria, Haryoto Kusnoputranto

Kesmas

Indonesia tercatat memiliki 304.787 penderita tuberkulosis yang menempatkannya pada peringkat ketiga terbanyak di dunia. Penyakit tuberkulosis merupakan penyebab kematian nomor 3 setelah penyakit kardiovaskuler dan penyakit saluran pernafasan pada semua kelompok usia serta nomor 1 dari golongan penyakit infeksi. Angka kepadatan hunian rumah di Kota Palembang 5,84 lebih tinggi daripada angka ideal kepadatan hunian rumah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara sumber penular serumah, faktor lingkungan dalam rumah, dan karakteristik individu terhadap kejadian tuberkulosis paru basil tahan asam (BTA) (+) di Kota Palembang. Penelitian yang menggunakan desain kasus kontrol ini membandingkan kelompok kasus (BTA(+)) dan kelompok kontrol (BTA (-)) yang …

Exploring Student Perceptions To Explain The Relationship Between Physical Activity And Academic Achievement In Adolescents: A Mixed Methods Study, Megan J. Hylok

College of Education and Human Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

A nationwide survey conducted by the Center for Disease Control in 2007 reported 65% of high school students did not meet the recommendation that youth participate in at least 60 minutes of physical activity most days of the week (CDC, 2008). While research has focused its attention primarily on bodily health, growing evidence supports the benefits of physical activity on brain health (Ratey & Hagerman, 2008). Physical activity is important and many adolescents are not meeting the recommendation, therefore, it is important to explore the adolescent perceptions to understand which factors influence physical activity participation. The significance of this study …

Effect Of Balanced Protein Energy Supplementation During Pregnancy On Birth Outcomes, Aamer Imdad, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Woman and Child Health

Background:The nutritional status of the mother prior to and during pregnancy plays a vital role in fetal growth and development, and maternal undernourishment may lead to adverse perinatal outcomes including intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Several macronutrient interventions had been proposed for adequate protein and energy supplementation during pregnancy. The objective of this paper was to review the effect of balanced protein energy supplementation during pregnancy on birth outcomes. This paper is a part of a series of reviews undertaken for getting estimates of effectiveness of an intervention for input to Lives Saved Tool (LiST) model.

Methods:

A literature search …

Effect Of Routine Iron Supplementation With Or Without Folic Acid On Anemia During Pregnancy, Mohammad Yawar Yakoob, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Woman and Child Health

Introduction:Iron deficiency is the most prevalent nutrient deficiency in the world, particularly during pregnancy. According to the literature, anemia, particularly severe anemia, is associated with increased risk of maternal mortality. It also puts mothers at risk of multiple perinatal complications. Numerous studies in the past have evaluated the impact of supplementation with iron and iron-folate but data regarding the efficacy and quality of evidence of these interventions are lacking. This article aims to address the impact of iron with and without folate supplementation on maternal anemia and provides outcome specific quality according to the Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group …

Effect Of Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation During Pregnancy On Maternal And Birth Outcomes, Batool Azra Haider, Mohammad Yawar Yakoob, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Woman and Child Health

Objectives/Background:Given the widespread prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries, supplementation with multiple micronutrients rather than iron-folate alone, could be of potential benefit to the mother and the fetus. These benefits could relate to prevention of maternal complications and reduction in other adverse pregnancy outcomes such as small-for-gestational age (SGA) births, low birth weight, stillbirths, perinatal and neonatal mortality. This review evaluates the evidence of the impact of multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy, in comparison with standard iron-folate supplements, on specific maternal and pregnancy outcomes of relevance to the Lives Saved Tool (LiST). Data sources/review methods: A systematic review …

Effect Of Breastfeeding Promotion Interventions On Breastfeeding Rates, With Special Focus On Developing Countries, Aamer Imdad, Mohammad Yawar Yakoob, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Woman and Child Health

Background:Given the recognized benefits of breastfeeding for the health of the mother and infants, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first six months of life. However, the prevalence of EBF is low globally in many of the developing and developed countries around the world. There is much interest in the effectiveness of breastfeeding promotion interventions on breastfeeding rates in early infancy.

Methods:

A systematic literature was conducted to identify all studies that evaluated the impact of breastfeeding promotional strategies on any breastfeeding and EBF rates at 4-6 weeks and at 6 months. Data were …

Neonatal Resuscitation And Immediate Newborn Assessment And Stimulation For The Prevention Of Neonatal Deaths: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis And Delphi Estimation Of Mortality Effect, Anne C. C. Lee, Simon Cousens, Stephen N. Wall, Susan Niermeyer, Gary L. Darmstadt, Waldemar A. Carlo, William J. Keenan, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Christopher Gill, Joy E. Lawn

Woman and Child Health

Background: Of 136 million babies born annually, around 10 million require assistance to breathe. Each year 814,000 neonatal deaths result from intrapartum-related events in term babies (previously "birth asphyxia") and 1.03 million from complications of prematurity. No systematic assessment of mortality reduction from tactile stimulation or resuscitation has been published. Objective:To estimate the mortality effect of immediate newborn assessment and stimulation, and basic resuscitation on neonatal deaths due to term intrapartum-related events or preterm birth, for facility and home births.

Methods:

We conducted systematic reviews for studies reporting relevant mortality or morbidity outcomes. Evidence was assessed using GRADE criteria …

Role Of Calcium Supplementation During Pregnancy In Reducing Risk Of Developing Gestational Hypertensive Disorders: A Meta-Analysis Of Studies From Developing Countries, Aamer Imdad, Afshan Jabeen, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Woman and Child Health

Background:Hypertension in pregnancy stand alone or with proteinuria is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality and morbidity in the world. Epidemiological and clinical studies have shown that an inverse relationship exists between calcium intake and development of hypertension in pregnancy though the effect varies based on baseline calcium intake and pre-existing risk factors. The Purpose of this review was to evaluate preventive effect of calcium supplementation during pregnancy on gestational hypertensive disorders and related maternal and neonatal mortality in developing countries.
Methods: A literature search was carried out on PubMed, Cochrane Library and WHO regional databases. Data …

Screening And Triage Of Intrauterine Growth Restriction (Iugr) In General Population And High Risk Pregnancies: A Systematic Review With A Focus On Reduction Of Iugr Related Stillbirths, Aamer Imdad, Mohammad Yawar Yakoob, Saad Siddiqui, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Woman and Child Health

Background:There is a strong association between stillbirth and fetal growth restriction. Early detection and management of IUGR can lead to reduce related morbidity and mortality. In this paper we have reviewed effectiveness of fetal movement monitoring and Doppler velocimetry for the detection and surveillance of high risk pregnancies and the effect of this on prevention of stillbirths. We have also reviewed effect of maternal body mass index (BMI) screening, symphysial-fundal height measurement and targeted ultrasound in detection and triage of IUGR in the community.

Methods:

We systematically reviewed all published literature to identify studies related to our interventions. We …

The Effect Of Folic Acid, Protein Energy And Multiple Micronutrient Supplements In Pregnancy On Stillbirths, Aamer Imdad, Mohammad Yawar Yakoob, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Woman and Child Health

Background:Pregnancy is a state of increased requirement of macro-and micronutrients, and malnourishment or inadequate dietary intake before and during pregnancy, can lead to adverse perinatal outcomes including stillbirths. Many nutritional interventions have been proposed during pregnancy according to the nutritional status of the mother and baseline risk factors for different gestational disorders. In this paper, we have reviewed three nutritional interventions including peri-conceptional folic acid supplementation, balanced protein energy supplementation and multiple micronutrients supplementation during pregnancy. This paper is a part of a series to estimate the effect of interventions on stillbirths for input to Live Saved Tool (LiST) …

Dhhs' And Epa's Proposal To Lower Fluoride Levels In Drinking Water, Shannon Wirz

College of Health Sciences Poster Presentations

On January 7th, 2011 the U.S. DHHS recommended setting the level of fluoride in drinking water to the lowest end of the current optimal range (0.7 to 1.2 ppm). EPA is initiating a review of the maximum amount of fluoride allowed in drinking water based on scientific assessments of health effects from too much fluoride. MCL (Maximum Contaminant Level) is the legal threshold limit on the amount of a substance allowed in public water systems. EPA sets the MCL to address adverse health effects. Current MCL for fluoride is 4 mg/L. The EPA is unsure if they will revise the …

The College Of Health & Human Services [Annual Report], Wku College Of Health & Human Services, Dr. John Bonaguro, Dean

College of Health & Human Services Publications

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Exercise On Brain Activation In Response To Visual Food Cues, Laura Hackett

Kinesiology and Public Health

No abstract provided.

Let's Move! From Dc To Pc: Policy And Programming In Providence Charter Schools Around Student's Awareness Towards Living Healthy, Carmine Perrotti

Public & Community Service Studies Student Scholarship

A thesis developed out of an intership for the Office of the First Lady's "Let's Move Initiative". Following said internship, the author conducted original research on the local level - namely, Providence charter schools - to design, implement, and assess a series of educational “interventions”. These interventions were created to provide information to students and their parents about the benefits of healthy eating and exercise. Over 500 elementary-level students were surveyed for the research. See document abstract for more information.

Discrimination, Perceived Social Inequity, And Mental Health Among Rural-To-Urban Migrants In China, Danhua Li, Xiaoming Li, Bo Wang, Yan Hong, Xiaoyi Fang, Xiong Qin, Bonita Stanton

Faculty Publications

Status-based discrimination and inequity have been associated with the process of migration, especially with economics-driven internal migration. However, their association with mental health among economy-driven internal migrants in developing countries is rarely assessed. This study examines discriminatory experiences and perceived social inequity in relation to mental health status among rural-to-urban migrants in China. Cross-sectional data were collected from 1,006 rural-to-urban migrants in 2004-2005 in Beijing, China. Participants reported their perceptions and experiences of being discriminated in daily life in urban destination and perceived social inequity. Mental health was measured using the symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90). Multivariate analyses using general linear model …

Role Of Breastfeeding And Current Lifestyle On Maternal Long-Term Weight Change, Denise R. Hinds

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background: Evidence suggests that prolonged and exclusive breastfeeding is associated with health benefits to children and nursing mothers beyond the period of breastfeeding. Studies that support the role of breastfeeding in postpartum weight change primarily focused on short-term weight change (within 12 to 24 months postpartum) (Binns et al. 2003; Lederman 2004; Johnson et al. 2006), while few focused on the association between breastfeeding and long-term weight change (5 years or more postpartum) (Rooney, Schauberger et al. 2005).

Purpose: This study investigated the role of breastfeeding in long-term weight change, specifically 1) whether breastfeeding protects against weight gain, and 2) …

Price, Access And Education At Philadelphia Farmers' Markets, Anna M. Quinn

Master of Public Health Capstone Presentations

Inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables is linked to chronic disease and obesity.   However, consumption rates of fruits and vegetables in the US and specifically in Philadelphia continue to fall short of recommendations for a healthy diet.  Access and price are two barriers in the food environment that prevent sufficient fruit and vegetable consumption. Farmers’ markets offer increased access to fruit and vegetables, yet continue to be perceived as being more costly than grocery stores. This study’s primary aim was to determine if the price of fruit and vegetables are more expensive at farmers’ markets than grocery stores in Philadelphia. …

An Observation Of Immunological Effect, A Diet Enhanced With Spirulina And Treatment With Fractalkine In Models Of Parkinson's Disease, Mibel M. Pabón

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In my dissertation research we used use human wild type α-synuclein gene expression using an adeno-associated viral vector (AAV9) that induced a slowly progressive loss of dopamine (DA) neurons in the Substantia nigra (SN) as one of our animal model of Parkinson’s disease (PD). It is our hypothesis that neuroinflammation predisposes the brain to susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases. Thus we examined the progression of a PD lesion and examined the manipulations of the immune system to understand further the inflammatory role when we administered exogenous soluble fractalkine.

The specific etiology of neurodegeneration in PD is unknown, but the inflammatory mechanisms …

Intimate Partner Violence In Urban Pakistan: Prevalence, Frequency, And Risk Factors, Tazeen S. Ali, Nargis Asad, Ingrid Mogren, Gunilla Krantz

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an important public health issue with severe adverse consequences. Population-based data on IPV from Muslim societies are scarce, and Pakistan is no exception. This study was conducted among women residing in urban Karachi, to estimate the prevalence and frequency of different forms of IPV and their associations with sociodemographic factors.
Methods: This cross-sectional community-based study was conducted using a structured questionnaire developed by the World Health Organisation for research on violence. Community midwives conducted face-to-face interviews with 759 married women aged 25-60 years.
Results: Self-reported past-year and lifetime prevalence of physical violence was 56.3 …

Second-Hand Smoke In A University Campus: Attitudes And Perceptions Of Faculty, Staff And Students, Cecilia M. Watkins, Sandeep Mishra, Herpreet Kaur Thind, Srinivasa B. Gokarakonda, Grace Lartey, Monia Chahal

Public Health Faculty Publications

Purpose: To examine the attitudes and perceptions of faculty, staff and students concerning tobacco policies at a university campus in a tobacco producing state. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to faculty, staff and students to assess knowledge, attitudes and beliefs related to smoking and exposure to second-hand smoke on campus. A 3-wave e-mailing was used to send the questionnaire. Results: A total of 2,914 individuals responded to the questionnaire. Majority (60%) of the participants believed a smoke free policy would be a positive move and could possibly improve the quality of life for the campus community, while not negatively affecting …

Lady Health Workers Programme In Pakistan: Challenges, Achievements And The Way Forward, Assad Hafeez, Bile Khalif Mohamud, Mobasher Riaz Shiekh, Syed Ayyaz Imran Shah, Rashid Jooma

Section of Neurosurgery

Objectives: To review the Lady Health Workers programme and critically explore various aspects of the process to extract tangible implications for other similar situations.
Methods: A descriptive study was carried out over a period of one year (2007-08). A detailed desk review of project documents, interaction with relevant stakeholders, performance validation and extensive feedback from the community were collected. The data so obtained was analyzed and evaluated against predetermined benchmarks.
Results: Each LHW serves a population of 1,000 people in the community and extends her services in the catchment population through monthly home visits. The scope of work includes over …

Do Physical Activity Facilities Near Schools Affect Physical Activity In High School Girls?, Jennifer L. Trilk, Dianne S. Ward, Marsha Dowda, Karin A. Pfeiffer, Dwayne E. Porter, James Hibbert, Russell R. Pate

Faculty Publications

Objective - To investigate associations between the number of physical activity facilities within walking distance of school and physical activity behavior in 12^th grade girls during after-school hours.

Methods - Girls (N=1394) from 22 schools completed a self-report to determine physical activity after 3:00 pm. The number of physical activity facilities within a 0.75-mile buffer of the school was counted with a Geographic Information System. Associations between the number of facilities and girls' physical activity were examined using linear mixed-model analysis of variance.

Results - Overall, girls who attended schools with ≥ 5 facilities within the buffer reported more …